1.
Python中的列表包容性很强,列表中可以使相同的元素也可是不同的元素。
表示形式为用 [] 来包含元素。
>>> L1 = [1,2,3]
>>> L2 = ['a','b','c']
>>> L3 = [1,'b',3]
>>> L1
[1, 2, 3]
>>> L2
['a', 'b', 'c']
>>> L3
[1, 'b', 3]
并且列表元素可以修改
>>> L = [1,2,3,'a','b','c']
>>> L
[1, 2, 3, 'a', 'b', 'c']
>>> L[1] = 5
>>> L
[1, 5, 3, 'a', 'b', 'c']
注意:(1)如果列表的元素为字符时,需要加上引号等。
(2)如果不加引号则会报错,提示为定义!
2.
Python中的列表的索引值也从0开始!(与C/C++数组相似)
但是,python支持从右往左的索引值,最右边的值为-1.
>>> L = [1,2,3,'a','b','c']
>>> L
[1, 2, 3, 'a', 'b', 'c']
>>> L[0]
1
>>> L[3]
'a'
>>> L[-1]
'c'
>>> L[-3]
'a
同样也可以进行修改
>>> L = [1,2,3,'a','b','c']
>>> L
[1, 2, 3, 'a', 'b', 'c']
>>> L[-2] = 5
>>> L
[1, 2, 3, 'a', 5, 'c']
3.
Python中的列表可以进行切片处理。
例:L[1:3] 则会提取L列表中相应的元素,从位置1开始到3但不包含3!
例:L[1:3:1] 如果有第三个参数(称为步进值),若步进值>0,则从左到右进行操作,也就是本例子中的从位置1到位置3不包含3,
每隔1个元素进行提取操作,若步进值为2,则每隔2个元素进行提取操作。依此论推
例:L[4:1:-1] 如果步进值<0,则从右到左进行操作,本例中从位置4到位置1不包含位置1,
每隔1个元素进行提取操作,若步进值为-2,则每隔2个元素进行提取操作。依此论推
注意:若不存在第三个参数默认从左至右进行,并每隔一个元素进行提取一次!
>>> L = [1,2,3,'a','b','c']
>>> L
[1, 2, 3, 'a', 'b', 'c']
>>> L[0]
1
>>> L[3]
'a'
>>> L = [1,2,3,'a','b','c']
>>> L
[1, 2, 3, 'a', 'b', 'c']
>>> L[1:3]
[2, 3]
>>> L[1:3:1]
[2, 3]
>>> L[1:3:2]
[2]
>>> L[4:1:-1]
['b', 'a', 3]
>>> L[4:1:-2]
['b', 3]
提取的数值课进行赋值或者输出。
>>> L = [1,2,3,'a','b','c']
>>> L
[1, 2, 3, 'a', 'b', 'c']
>>> L1 = L[1:3]
>>> L1
[2, 3]
>>> L3 = L[1:4:2]
>>> L3
[2, 'a']
>>> L4 = L[4:1:-2]
>>> L4
['b', 3]
注意:若切片时未标明开始位置和结束位置时默认位置时最初或者最后。
>>> L = [1,2,3,'a','b','c']
>>> L
[1, 2, 3, 'a', 'b', 'c']
>>> L[:]
[1, 2, 3, 'a', 'b', 'c']
>>> L[1:]
[2, 3, 'a', 'b', 'c']
>>> L[:3]
[1, 2, 3]
>>> L = [1,2,3,'a','b','c']
>>> L
[1, 2, 3, 'a', 'b', 'c']
>>> L[1:1]
[]
>>> L[3:1]
[]
>>> L[1:3]
[2, 3]
若从右至左切片时,开始位置应大于结束位置。否则提取值数据为空。
>>> L = [1,2,3,'a','b','c']
>>> L
[1, 2, 3, 'a', 'b', 'c']
>>> L[1:1:-1]
[]
>>> L[1:3:-1]
[]
>>> L[3:1:-1]
['a', 3]
也可以运用切片的操作来对列表进行插入和更换元素
插入:
>>> L = [1,2,3,'a','b','c']
>>> L
[1, 2, 3, 'a', 'b', 'c']
>>> L1 = [9,8,7]
>>> L1
[9, 8, 7]
>>> L[2:2] = L1
>>> L
[1, 2, 9, 8, 7, 3, 'a', 'b', 'c']
>>> L = [1,2,3,'a','b','c']
>>> L1 = [9,8,7]
>>> L[3:1] = L1
>>> L
[1, 2, 3, 9, 8, 7, 'a', 'b', 'c']
更换:
这是将开始位置以后的元素全部更换!
>>> L = [1,2,3,'a','b','c']
>>> L
[1, 2, 3, 'a', 'b', 'c']
>>> L1 = [9,8,7]
>>> L1
[9, 8, 7]
>>> L[3:] = L1
>>> L
[1, 2, 3, 9, 8, 7]
>>> L2 = ['a','b']
>>> L[1:] = L2
>>> L
[1, 'a', 'b']
>>> L = [1,2,3,'a','b','c']
>>> L
[1, 2, 3, 'a', 'b', 'c']
>>> L1 = [9,8,7]
>>> L1
[9, 8, 7]
>>> L[1:4] = L1
>>> L
[1, 9, 8, 7, 'b', 'c']
都进行更换!!!)
>>> L = [1,2,3,'a','b','c']
>>> L
[1, 2, 3, 'a', 'b', 'c']
>>> L1 = [9,8,7,6]
>>> L1
[9, 8, 7, 6]
>>> L[1:4] = L1
>>> L
[1, 9, 8, 7, 6, 'b', 'c']
例子:字符反转!
>>> L = [1,2,3,'a','b','c']
>>> L
[1, 2, 3, 'a', 'b', 'c']
>>> L = L[::-1]
>>> L
['c', 'b', 'a', 3, 2, 1]