Android异步从网络下载图片并且缓存图片到本地的demo

     在Android开发中我们经常有这样的需求，从服务器上下载xml或者JSON类型的数据，其中包括一些图片资源，本demo模拟了这个需求，从网络上加载XML资源，其中包括图片，我们要做的解析XML里面的数据，并且把图片缓存到本地一个cache目录里面，并且用一个自定义的Adapter去填充到LIstView，demo运行效果见下图：

通过这个demo，要学会有一下几点

1.怎么解析一个XML

2.demo中用到的缓存图片到本地一个临时目录的思想是怎样的？

3.AsyncTask类的使用，因为要去异步的加载数据，就必须开启线程，但是在开启线程的时有时候不能很好的控制线程的数量，线程数量太大的时候手机会很快被卡死 这里就采用AsynsTask类的去解决这个问题，这个类里面封装了线程池的技术，从而保证不会因开启过多的线程而消耗太多的资源

4.本demo中的Handler类的使用情况 5.自定义adapter的使用 

下面是demo中的Activity。

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public class MainActivity extends Activity {      protected static final int SUCCESS_GET_CONTACT = 0 ;      private ListView mListView;      private MyContactAdapter mAdapter;      private File cache;            private Handler mHandler = new Handler(){          public void handleMessage(android.os.Message msg) {              if (msg.what == SUCCESS_GET_CONTACT){                  List<Contact> contacts = (List<Contact>) msg.obj;                  mAdapter = new MyContactAdapter(getApplicationContext(),contacts,cache);                  mListView.setAdapter(mAdapter);              }          };      };            @Override      public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {          super .onCreate(savedInstanceState);          setContentView(R.layout.main);                    mListView = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.listview);                    //创建缓存目录，系统一运行就得创建缓存目录的，          cache = new File(Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory(), "cache" );                    if (!cache.exists()){              cache.mkdirs();          }                    //获取数据，主UI线程是不能做耗时操作的，所以启动子线程来做          new Thread(){              public void run() {                  ContactService service = new ContactService();                  List<Contact> contacts = null ;                  try {                      contacts = service.getContactAll();                  } catch (Exception e) {                      e.printStackTrace();                  }                  //子线程通过Message对象封装信息，并且用初始化好的，                  //Handler对象的sendMessage()方法把数据发送到主线程中，从而达到更新UI主线程的目的                  Message msg = new Message();                  msg.what = SUCCESS_GET_CONTACT;                  msg.obj = contacts;                  mHandler.sendMessage(msg);              };          }.start();      }            @Override      protected void onDestroy() {          super .onDestroy();          //清空缓存          File[] files = cache.listFiles();          for (File file :files){              file.delete();          }          cache.delete();      } }

 Activity中，注意以下几点，

1.初始化了一个缓存目录，这个目录最好是应用开启就去创建好，为手续缓存图片做准备，在这里把数据存放在SDCard上

2.要去服务器加载数据，这个耗时操作最好是去开启线程加载数据，加载完毕后去异步的更新UI线程，利用Handler机制能很好的解决这个问题，

3.最后退出应用的时候，要删掉缓存目录和目录里面的数据，避免给手机制造很多的垃圾文件

下面就是一个Service类了，

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public class ContactService {        /**       * 从服务器上获取数据       */      public List<Contact> getContactAll() throws Exception {          List<Contact> contacts = null ;          String Parth = "http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/list.xml" ;          URL url = new URL(Parth);          HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();          conn.setConnectTimeout( 3000 );          conn.setRequestMethod( "GET" );          if (conn.getResponseCode() == HttpURLConnection.HTTP_OK) {              InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();              // 这里获取数据直接放在XmlPullParser里面解析              contacts = xmlParser(is);              return contacts;          } else {              return null ;          }      }        // 这里并没有下载图片下来，而是把图片的地址保存下来了      private List<Contact> xmlParser(InputStream is) throws Exception {          List<Contact> contacts = null ;          Contact contact = null ;          XmlPullParser parser = Xml.newPullParser();          parser.setInput(is, "UTF-8" );          int eventType = parser.getEventType();          while ((eventType = parser.next()) != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {              switch (eventType) {              case XmlPullParser.START_TAG:                  if (parser.getName().equals( "contacts" )) {                      contacts = new ArrayList<Contact>();                  } else if (parser.getName().equals( "contact" )) {                      contact = new Contact();                      contact.setId(Integer.valueOf(parser.getAttributeValue( 0 )));                  } else if (parser.getName().equals( "name" )) {                      contact.setName(parser.nextText());                  } else if (parser.getName().equals( "image" )) {                      contact.setImage(parser.getAttributeValue( 0 ));                  }                  break ;                case XmlPullParser.END_TAG:                  if (parser.getName().equals( "contact" )) {                      contacts.add(contact);                  }                  break ;              }          }          return contacts;      }        /*       * 从网络上获取图片，如果图片在本地存在的话就直接拿，如果不存在再去服务器上下载图片       * 这里的path是图片的地址       */      public Uri getImageURI(String path, File cache) throws Exception {          String name = MD5.getMD5(path) + path.substring(path.lastIndexOf( "." ));          File file = new File(cache, name);          // 如果图片存在本地缓存目录，则不去服务器下载          if (file.exists()) {              return Uri.fromFile(file); //Uri.fromFile(path)这个方法能得到文件的URI          } else {              // 从网络上获取图片              URL url = new URL(path);              HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();              conn.setConnectTimeout( 5000 );              conn.setRequestMethod( "GET" );              conn.setDoInput( true );              if (conn.getResponseCode() == 200 ) {                    InputStream is = conn.getInputStream();                  FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(file);                  byte [] buffer = new byte [ 1024 ];                  int len = 0 ;                  while ((len = is.read(buffer)) != - 1 ) {                      fos.write(buffer, 0 , len);                  }                  is.close();                  fos.close();                  // 返回一个URI对象                  return Uri.fromFile(file);              }          }          return null ;      } }

Serivce类中，注意以下几点

1.HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();获取一个链接，从而进行通讯  2.怎么利用XxmlPullPaser类去解析XML，从而把数据封装成对象

3.getImageURI(String path, File cache) 这个方法具体实现

4.Uri.fromFile(file);这个方法能够直接返回一个Uri来

下面是自定义的Adapter类，

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public class MyContactAdapter extends BaseAdapter {        protected static final int SUCCESS_GET_IMAGE = 0 ;      private Context context;      private List<Contact> contacts;      private File cache;      private LayoutInflater mInflater;        // 自己定义的构造函数      public MyContactAdapter(Context context, List<Contact> contacts, File cache) {          this .context = context;          this .contacts = contacts;          this .cache = cache;            mInflater = (LayoutInflater) context.getSystemService(Context.LAYOUT_INFLATER_SERVICE);      }        @Override      public int getCount() {          return contacts.size();      }        @Override      public Object getItem( int position) {          return contacts.get(position);      }        @Override      public long getItemId( int position) {          return position;      }        @Override      public View getView( int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {          // 1获取item,再得到控件          // 2 获取数据          // 3绑定数据到item          View view = null ;          if (convertView != null ) {              view = convertView;          } else {              view = mInflater.inflate(R.layout.item, null );          }            ImageView iv_header = (ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.iv_header);          TextView tv_name = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.tv_name);            Contact contact = contacts.get(position);            // 异步的加载图片 (线程池 + Handler ) ---> AsyncTask          asyncloadImage(iv_header, contact.image);          tv_name.setText(contact.name);            return view;      }        private void asyncloadImage(ImageView iv_header, String path) {          ContactService service = new ContactService();          AsyncImageTask task = new AsyncImageTask(service, iv_header);          task.execute(path);      }        private final class AsyncImageTask extends AsyncTask<String, Integer, Uri> {            private ContactService service;          private ImageView iv_header;            public AsyncImageTask(ContactService service, ImageView iv_header) {              this .service = service;              this .iv_header = iv_header;          }            // 后台运行的子线程子线程          @Override          protected Uri doInBackground(String... params) {              try {                  return service.getImageURI(params[ 0 ], cache);              } catch (Exception e) {                  e.printStackTrace();              }              return null ;          }            // 这个放在在ui线程中执行          @Override          protected void onPostExecute(Uri result) {              super .onPostExecute(result);              // 完成图片的绑定              if (iv_header != null && result != null ) {                  iv_header.setImageURI(result);              }          }      }        /**       * 采用普通方式异步的加载图片       */      /*private void asyncloadImage(final ImageView iv_header, final String path) {          final Handler mHandler = new Handler() {              @Override              public void handleMessage(Message msg) {                  super.handleMessage(msg);                  if (msg.what == SUCCESS_GET_IMAGE) {                      Uri uri = (Uri) msg.obj;                      if (iv_header != null && uri != null) {                          iv_header.setImageURI(uri);                      }                    }              }          };          // 子线程，开启子线程去下载或者去缓存目录找图片，并且返回图片在缓存目录的地址          Runnable runnable = new Runnable() {              @Override              public void run() {                  ContactService service = new ContactService();                  try {                      //这个URI是图片下载到本地后的缓存目录中的URI                      Uri uri = service.getImageURI(path, cache);                      Message msg = new Message();                      msg.what = SUCCESS_GET_IMAGE;                      msg.obj = uri;                      mHandler.sendMessage(msg);                  } catch (Exception e) {                      e.printStackTrace();                  }              }          };          new Thread(runnable).start();      }*/ }

       自定义Adapter中，我们要注意 AsyncImageTask这个类继承了AsyncTask类，AsyncTask是Android中常用来做异步任务的类，对线程池进行了封装，详细分析稍后再贴出一篇Blog。

  下面是我们从服务器上获取并且解析的Xml文件

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<? xml version = "1.0" encoding = "UTF-8" ?> < contacts >      < contact id = "1" >          < name >张飞</ name >          < image src = "http://192.168.1.103:8080/mymyweb/images/1.gif" />      </ contact >      < contact id = "2" >          < name >博文</ name >          < image src = "http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/2.gif" />      </ contact >         < contact id = "3" >          < name >张天佑</ name >          < image src = "http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/3.gif" />      </ contact >             < contact id = "4" >          < name >松德</ name >          < image src = "http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/4.gif" />      </ contact >             < contact id = "5" >          < name >赵薇</ name >          < image src = "http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/5.gif" />      </ contact >      < contact id = "6" >          < name >李静</ name >          < image src = "http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/6.gif" />      </ contact >         < contact id = "7" >          < name >李明</ name >          < image src = "http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/7.gif" />      </ contact >             < contact id = "8" >          < name >黎明</ name >          < image src = "http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/8.gif" />      </ contact >                   < contact id = "9" >          < name >秦桧</ name >          < image src = "http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/9.gif" />      </ contact >      < contact id = "10" >          < name >朱德</ name >          < image src = "http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/10.gif" />      </ contact >         < contact id = "11" >          < name >冯巩</ name >          < image src = "http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/11.gif" />      </ contact >             < contact id = "12" >          < name >dylan</ name >          < image src = "http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/12.gif" />      </ contact >             < contact id = "13" >          < name >黄单</ name >          < image src = "http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/13.gif" />      </ contact >      < contact id = "14" >          < name >含蕊</ name >          < image src = "http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/14.gif" />      </ contact >         < contact id = "15" >          < name >欣琪</ name >          < image src = "http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/15.jpg" />      </ contact >             < contact id = "16" >          < name >李忠华</ name >          < image src = "http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/16.jpg" />      </ contact >         < contact id = "17" >          < name >方产员</ name >          < image src = "http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/17.jpg" />      </ contact >             < contact id = "18" >          < name >张光</ name >          < image src = "http://192.168.1.103:8080/myweb/images/18.jpg" />      </ contact >    </ contacts >

本demo中为了安全起见，还对下载下来的图片的文件名进行了MD5加密，下面是MD5加密的代码，

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public class MD5 {        public static String getMD5(String content) {          try {              MessageDigest digest = MessageDigest.getInstance( "MD5" );              digest.update(content.getBytes());              return getHashString(digest);                        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {              e.printStackTrace();          }          return null ;      }            private static String getHashString(MessageDigest digest) {          StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();          for ( byte b : digest.digest()) {              builder.append(Integer.toHexString((b >> 4 ) & 0xf ));              builder.append(Integer.toHexString(b & 0xf ));          }          return builder.toString();      } }

      以上省略了Contact.java这个domain类，通过这个demo，可以看出Android中会经常需要进行异步任务的处理，所以我们会常常用到自己手动开启线程，handler机制，或者AsyncTask类等手段来保证应用的性能。

     本篇博文是从本人iteye博客上搬过来的，发现第一次进OSC就喜欢这里了，感谢创始人为我们提供了这么好的一个平台！