spring中事务使用范例，事务传播机制实现逻辑，底层原理，事务回滚，事务嵌套

最新推荐文章于 2024-10-03 18:49:09 发布

Leo Han

最新推荐文章于 2024-10-03 18:49:09 发布

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分类专栏： Spring

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/LeoHan163/article/details/106948631

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在java中处理数据库相关逻辑时一般都会用到事务相关处理，如果我们直接使用基于jdbc底层的事务处理，程序一般比较浮渣，spring的声明式事务处理让我们从繁杂的事务处理中得以解脱出来。
spring提供了两种事务管理机制：

编程式事务管理
编程式事务管理是侵入性事务管理，使用TransactionTemplate或者直接使用PlatformTransactionManager，对于编程式事务管理，Spring推荐使用TransactionTemplate。
声明式事务管理
声明式事务管理建立在AOP之上，其本质是对方法前后进行拦截，然后在目标方法开始之前创建或者加入一个事务，执行完目标方法之后根据执行的情况提交或者回滚。
编程式事务每次实现都要单独实现，但业务量大功能复杂时，使用编程式事务无疑是痛苦的，而声明式事务不同，声明式事务属于无侵入式，不会影响业务逻辑的实现，只需要在配置文件中做相关的事务规则声明或者通过注解的方式，便可以将事务规则应用到业务逻辑中。
显然声明式事务管理要优于编程式事务管理，这正是Spring倡导的非侵入式的编程方式。唯一不足的地方就是声明式事务管理的粒度是方法级别，而编程式事务管理是可以到代码块的，但是可以通过提取方法的方式完成声明式事务管理的配置。

一般常见在方法和类上增加如下注解配置开启事务：


@Transactional(propagation="xxx",timeout="xx in seconds",readOnly="false",rollbackFor="Exception1.class,Exception2.class,",noRollbackFor="Exception3.class,Exception4.class",transactionManager="xxxx"
public void insert(){

}

spring中事务的传播机制：

PROPAGATION_REQUIRED
Spring默认的传播机制，能满足绝大部分业务需求，如果外层有事务，则当前事务加入到外层事务，一块提交，一块回滚。如果外层没有事务，新建一个事务执行
PROPAGATION_REQUES_NEW
该事务传播机制是每次都会新开启一个事务，同时把外层事务挂起，当当前事务执行完毕，恢复上层事务的执行。如果外层没有事务，执行当前新开启的事务即可
PROPAGATION_SUPPORT
如果外层有事务，则加入外层事务，如果外层没有事务，则直接使用非事务方式执行。完全依赖外层的事务
PROPAGATION_NOT_SUPPORT
该传播机制不支持事务，如果外层存在事务则挂起，执行完当前代码，则恢复外层事务，无论是否异常都不会回滚当前的代码
PROPAGATION_NEVER
该传播机制不支持外层事务，即如果外层有事务就抛出异常
PROPAGATION_MANDATORY
与NEVER相反，如果外层没有事务，则抛出异常
PROPAGATION_NESTED
该传播机制的特点是可以保存状态保存点，当前事务回滚到某一个点，从而避免所有的嵌套事务都回滚，即各自回滚各自的，如果子事务没有把异常吃掉，基本还是会引起全部回滚的。

从前面的spring的其他相关底层实现我们知道，一般遇到相关schema解析的时候，spring都会获取META-INF/spring.handlers中获取对应schema解析处理类来进行处理，我们直接定位到spring事务处理模块spring-tx，获取到对应spring.handlers文件内容如下：

http\://www.springframework.org/schema/tx=org.springframework.transaction.config.TxNamespaceHandler

进入TxNamespaceHandler，该类逻辑如下：

// TxNamespaceHandler.java
public class TxNamespaceHandler extends NamespaceHandlerSupport {
	static final String TRANSACTION_MANAGER_ATTRIBUTE = "transaction-manager";
	static final String DEFAULT_TRANSACTION_MANAGER_BEAN_NAME = "transactionManager";
	static String getTransactionManagerName(Element element) {
		return (element.hasAttribute(TRANSACTION_MANAGER_ATTRIBUTE) ?
				element.getAttribute(TRANSACTION_MANAGER_ATTRIBUTE) : DEFAULT_TRANSACTION_MANAGER_BEAN_NAME);
	}
	@Override
	public void init() {
		registerBeanDefinitionParser("advice", new TxAdviceBeanDefinitionParser());
		registerBeanDefinitionParser("annotation-driven", new AnnotationDrivenBeanDefinitionParser());
		registerBeanDefinitionParser("jta-transaction-manager", new JtaTransactionManagerBeanDefinitionParser());
	}
}

可以看到，处理<tx:annotation-driven>的是TxAdviceBeanDefinitionParser类。查看该类的parse方法：

// TxAdviceBeanDefinitionParser.java
public BeanDefinition parse(Element element, ParserContext parserContext) {
		registerTransactionalEventListenerFactory(parserContext);
		String mode = element.getAttribute("mode");
		if ("aspectj".equals(mode)) {
			// mode="aspectj"
			registerTransactionAspect(element, parserContext);
			if (ClassUtils.isPresent("javax.transaction.Transactional", getClass().getClassLoader())) {
				registerJtaTransactionAspect(element, parserContext);
			}
		}
		else {
			// mode="proxy"
			AopAutoProxyConfigurer.configureAutoProxyCreator(element, parserContext);
		}
		return null;
	}

这里可以看到，如果我们没有显示的指定mode=aspectj的话，默认使用的是基于动态代理的处理方式。我们这里以默认的动态代理模式进行分析，可以看到parse方法主要是做了AopAutoProxyConfigurer.configureAutoProxyCreator(element, parserContext);处理，该逻辑如下：

// AopAutoProxyConfigurer.java
public static void configureAutoProxyCreator(Element element, ParserContext parserContext) {
			AopNamespaceUtils.registerAutoProxyCreatorIfNecessary(parserContext, element);

			String txAdvisorBeanName = TransactionManagementConfigUtils.TRANSACTION_ADVISOR_BEAN_NAME;
			if (!parserContext.getRegistry().containsBeanDefinition(txAdvisorBeanName)) {
				Object eleSource = parserContext.extractSource(element);

				// Create the TransactionAttributeSource definition.
				RootBeanDefinition sourceDef = new RootBeanDefinition(
						"org.springframework.transaction.annotation.AnnotationTransactionAttributeSource");
				sourceDef.setSource(eleSource);
				sourceDef.setRole(BeanDefinition.ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE);
				String sourceName = parserContext.getReaderContext().registerWithGeneratedName(sourceDef);

				// Create the TransactionInterceptor definition.
				RootBeanDefinition interceptorDef = new RootBeanDefinition(TransactionInterceptor.class);
				interceptorDef.setSource(eleSource);
				interceptorDef.setRole(BeanDefinition.ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE);
				registerTransactionManager(element, interceptorDef);
				interceptorDef.getPropertyValues().add("transactionAttributeSource", new RuntimeBeanReference(sourceName));
				String interceptorName = parserContext.getReaderContext().registerWithGeneratedName(interceptorDef);

				// Create the TransactionAttributeSourceAdvisor definition.
				RootBeanDefinition advisorDef = new RootBeanDefinition(BeanFactoryTransactionAttributeSourceAdvisor.class);
				advisorDef.setSource(eleSource);
				advisorDef.setRole(BeanDefinition.ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE);
				advisorDef.getPropertyValues().add("transactionAttributeSource", new RuntimeBeanReference(sourceName));
				advisorDef.getPropertyValues().add("adviceBeanName", interceptorName);
				if (element.hasAttribute("order")) {
					advisorDef.getPropertyValues().add("order", element.getAttribute("order"));
				}
				parserContext.getRegistry().registerBeanDefinition(txAdvisorBeanName, advisorDef);

				CompositeComponentDefinition compositeDef = new CompositeComponentDefinition(element.getTagName(), eleSource);
				compositeDef.addNestedComponent(new BeanComponentDefinition(sourceDef, sourceName));
				compositeDef.addNestedComponent(new BeanComponentDefinition(interceptorDef, interceptorName));
				compositeDef.addNestedComponent(new BeanComponentDefinition(advisorDef, txAdvisorBeanName));
				parserContext.registerComponent(compositeDef);
			}
		}
	}

这里仅从代码层面分析来看，主要是注册了三个bean，但是这三个bean是支撑了spring事务的整个功能。
这三个类分别是
BeanFactoryTransactionAttributeSourceAdvisor
AnnotationTransactionAttributeSource
TransactionInterceptor

采用组合模式，将 AnnotationTransactionAttributeSource和 TransactionInterceptor组合到BeanFactoryTransactionAttributeSourceAdvisor中。
上述方法中，有一个处理
AopNamespaceUtils.registerAutoProxyCreatorIfNecessary(parserContext, element);
代码逻辑如下：

// AopNamespaceUtils.java
public static void registerAutoProxyCreatorIfNecessary(
			ParserContext parserContext, Element sourceElement) {
		BeanDefinition beanDefinition = AopConfigUtils.registerAutoProxyCreatorIfNecessary(
				parserContext.getRegistry(), parserContext.extractSource(sourceElement));
		useClassProxyingIfNecessary(parserContext.getRegistry(), sourceElement);
		registerComponentIfNecessary(beanDefinition, parserContext);
	}

// AopConfigUtils.java
public static BeanDefinition registerAutoProxyCreatorIfNecessary(
			BeanDefinitionRegistry registry, @Nullable Object source) {
		return registerOrEscalateApcAsRequired(InfrastructureAdvisorAutoProxyCreator.class, registry, source);
	}

这块逻辑是向IOC容器中注册了InfrastructureAdvisorAutoProxyCreator，我们查看这个类的继承关系。
在这里插入图片描述

在之前分析AOP的时候，aop是基于bean的后置处理实现，通过aop的实现方式，在这里插入图片描述

这里前面的逻辑与AOP的逻辑是一致的，前面都是查找到当前spring容器中所有的增强，这个时候会从容器中所有的bean查找类型为Advisor类型的bean，而在TxAdviceBeanDefinitionParser.parse中，向IOC中注册了BeanFactoryTransactionAttributeSourceAdvisor,查看类继承结构，在这里插入图片描述

可以发现，BeanFactoryTransactionAttributeSourceAdvisor实现了Advisor接口。因此，获取增强的时候，就会获取到BeanFactoryTransactionAttributeSourceAdvisor这个增强。
获取到候选的增强之后，会对增强进行过滤，遍历bean集合，判断bean是否满足增强的条件：

List candidateAdvisors = findCandidateAdvisors();
List eligibleAdvisors = findAdvisorsThatCanApply(candidateAdvisors, beanClass, beanName);

// AopUtils.java
public static List<Advisor> findAdvisorsThatCanApply(List<Advisor> candidateAdvisors, Class<?> clazz) {
		if (candidateAdvisors.isEmpty()) {
			return candidateAdvisors;
		}
		List<Advisor> eligibleAdvisors = new ArrayList<>();
		for (Advisor candidate : candidateAdvisors) {
			if (candidate instanceof IntroductionAdvisor && canApply(candidate, clazz)) {
				eligibleAdvisors.add(candidate);
			}
		}
		boolean hasIntroductions = !eligibleAdvisors.isEmpty();
		for (Advisor candidate : candidateAdvisors) {
			if (candidate instanceof IntroductionAdvisor) {
				// already processed
				continue;
			}
			if (canApply(candidate, clazz, hasIntroductions)) {
				eligibleAdvisors.add(candidate);
			}
		}
		return eligibleAdvisors;
	}
public static boolean canApply(Advisor advisor, Class<?> targetClass, boolean hasIntroductions) {
		if (advisor instanceof IntroductionAdvisor) {
			return ((IntroductionAdvisor) advisor).getClassFilter().matches(targetClass);
		}
		else if (advisor instanceof PointcutAdvisor) {
			PointcutAdvisor pca = (PointcutAdvisor) advisor;
			return canApply(pca.getPointcut(), targetClass, hasIntroductions);
		}
		else {
			// It doesn't have a pointcut so we assume it applies.
			return true;
		}
	}

其中判断逻辑代码块：

else if (advisor instanceof PointcutAdvisor) {
PointcutAdvisor pca = (PointcutAdvisor) advisor;
return canApply(pca.getPointcut(), targetClass, hasIntroductions);
}

BeanFactoryTransactionAttributeSourceAdvisor也实现了PointcutAdvisor接口，代码会进入这块逻辑判断，而BeanFactoryTransactionAttributeSourceAdvisor.getPointcut

// BeanFactoryTransactionAttributeSourceAdvisor.java
public class BeanFactoryTransactionAttributeSourceAdvisor extends AbstractBeanFactoryPointcutAdvisor {
	@Nullable
	private TransactionAttributeSource transactionAttributeSource;
	private final TransactionAttributeSourcePointcut pointcut = new TransactionAttributeSourcePointcut() {
		@Override
		@Nullable
		protected TransactionAttributeSource getTransactionAttributeSource() {
			return transactionAttributeSource;
		}
	};
	public void setTransactionAttributeSource(TransactionAttributeSource transactionAttributeSource) {
		this.transactionAttributeSource = transactionAttributeSource;
	}
	public void setClassFilter(ClassFilter classFilter) {
		this.pointcut.setClassFilter(classFilter);
	}

	@Override
	public Pointcut getPointcut() {
		return this.pointcut;
	}

}

返回的是一个TransactionAttributeSourcePointcut实现类，并且，其getTransactionAttributeSource返回的是BeanFactoryTransactionAttributeSourceAdvisor的transactionAttributeSource属性，而开始我们说的，在parse方法里面，组合了三个类，BeanFactoryTransactionAttributeSourceAdvisor.transactionAttributeSource指向的是AnnotationTransactionAttributeSource.
进入

canApply(pca.getPointcut(), targetClass, hasIntroductions);

其逻辑如下：

// AopUtils.java
public static boolean canApply(Pointcut pc, Class<?> targetClass, boolean hasIntroductions) {
		Assert.notNull(pc, "Pointcut must not be null");
		if (!pc.getClassFilter().matches(targetClass)) {
			return false;
		}

		MethodMatcher methodMatcher = pc.getMethodMatcher();
		if (methodMatcher == MethodMatcher.TRUE) {
			// No need to iterate the methods if we're matching any method anyway...
			return true;
		}

		IntroductionAwareMethodMatcher introductionAwareMethodMatcher = null;
		if (methodMatcher instanceof IntroductionAwareMethodMatcher) {
			introductionAwareMethodMatcher = (IntroductionAwareMethodMatcher) methodMatcher;
		}

		Set<Class<?>> classes = new LinkedHashSet<>();
		if (!Proxy.isProxyClass(targetClass)) {
			classes.add(ClassUtils.getUserClass(targetClass));
		}
		classes.addAll(ClassUtils.getAllInterfacesForClassAsSet(targetClass));

		for (Class<?> clazz : classes) {
			Method[] methods = ReflectionUtils.getAllDeclaredMethods(clazz);
			for (Method method : methods) {
				if (introductionAwareMethodMatcher != null ?
						introductionAwareMethodMatcher.matches(method, targetClass, hasIntroductions) :
						methodMatcher.matches(method, targetClass)) {
					return true;
				}
			}
		}

		return false;
	}

// TransactionAttributeSourcePointcut.java
public boolean matches(Method method, Class<?> targetClass) {
		if (TransactionalProxy.class.isAssignableFrom(targetClass) ||
				PlatformTransactionManager.class.isAssignableFrom(targetClass) ||
				PersistenceExceptionTranslator.class.isAssignableFrom(targetClass)) {
			return false;
		}
		TransactionAttributeSource tas = getTransactionAttributeSource();
		return (tas == null || tas.getTransactionAttribute(method, targetClass) != null);
	}

可以发现，这块会调用getTransactionAttributeSource().getTransactionAttribute(method, targetClass),而getTransactionAttributeSource()方法返回的是AnnotationTransactionAttributeSource

AnnotationTransactionAttributeSource类继承结构如图所示：
在这里插入图片描述
在其父类AbstractFallbackTransactionAttributeSource找到了对应getTransactionAttribute方法的实现：

// AbstractFallbackTransactionAttributeSource.java
public TransactionAttribute getTransactionAttribute(Method method, @Nullable Class<?> targetClass) {
		if (method.getDeclaringClass() == Object.class) {
			return null;
		}

		// First, see if we have a cached value.
		Object cacheKey = getCacheKey(method, targetClass);
		TransactionAttribute cached = this.attributeCache.get(cacheKey);
		if (cached != null) {
			// Value will either be canonical value indicating there is no transaction attribute,
			// or an actual transaction attribute.
			if (cached == NULL_TRANSACTION_ATTRIBUTE) {
				return null;
			}
			else {
				return cached;
			}
		}
		else {
			// We need to work it out.
			TransactionAttribute txAttr = computeTransactionAttribute(method, targetClass);
			// Put it in the cache.
			if (txAttr == null) {
				this.attributeCache.put(cacheKey, NULL_TRANSACTION_ATTRIBUTE);
			}
			else {
				String methodIdentification = ClassUtils.getQualifiedMethodName(method, targetClass);
				if (txAttr instanceof DefaultTransactionAttribute) {
					((DefaultTransactionAttribute) txAttr).setDescriptor(methodIdentification);
				}
				if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
					logger.trace("Adding transactional method '" + methodIdentification + "' with attribute: " + txAttr);
				}
				this.attributeCache.put(cacheKey, txAttr);
			}
			return txAttr;
		}
	}
protected TransactionAttribute computeTransactionAttribute(Method method, @Nullable Class<?> targetClass) {
		// Don't allow no-public methods as required.
		if (allowPublicMethodsOnly() && !Modifier.isPublic(method.getModifiers())) {
			return null;
		}

		// The method may be on an interface, but we need attributes from the target class.
		// If the target class is null, the method will be unchanged.
		Method specificMethod = AopUtils.getMostSpecificMethod(method, targetClass);

		// First try is the method in the target class.
		TransactionAttribute txAttr = findTransactionAttribute(specificMethod);
		if (txAttr != null) {
			return txAttr;
		}

		// Second try is the transaction attribute on the target class.
		txAttr = findTransactionAttribute(specificMethod.getDeclaringClass());
		if (txAttr != null && ClassUtils.isUserLevelMethod(method)) {
			return txAttr;
		}
		// 如果存在接口，则在接口中查找
		if (specificMethod != method) {
			// Fallback is to look at the original method.
			txAttr = findTransactionAttribute(method);
			if (txAttr != null) {
				return txAttr;
			}
			// Last fallback is the class of the original method.
			txAttr = findTransactionAttribute(method.getDeclaringClass());
			if (txAttr != null && ClassUtils.isUserLevelMethod(method)) {
				return txAttr;
			}
		}

		return null;
	}

// AnnotationTransactionAttributeSource.java
protected TransactionAttribute findTransactionAttribute(Class<?> clazz) {
		return determineTransactionAttribute(clazz);
	}

	@Override
	@Nullable
	protected TransactionAttribute findTransactionAttribute(Method method) {
		return determineTransactionAttribute(method);
	}
	protected TransactionAttribute determineTransactionAttribute(AnnotatedElement element) {
		for (TransactionAnnotationParser annotationParser : this.annotationParsers) {
			TransactionAttribute attr = annotationParser.parseTransactionAnnotation(element);
			if (attr != null) {
				return attr;
			}
		}
		return null;
	}
	public AnnotationTransactionAttributeSource(boolean publicMethodsOnly) {
		this.publicMethodsOnly = publicMethodsOnly;
		if (jta12Present || ejb3Present) {
			this.annotationParsers = new LinkedHashSet<>(4);
			this.annotationParsers.add(new SpringTransactionAnnotationParser());
			if (jta12Present) {
				this.annotationParsers.add(new JtaTransactionAnnotationParser());
			}
			if (ejb3Present) {
				this.annotationParsers.add(new Ejb3TransactionAnnotationParser());
			}
		}
		else {
			this.annotationParsers = Collections.singleton(new SpringTransactionAnnotationParser());
		}
	}

可以看到，AnnotationTransactionAttributeSource中会判断获取bean的方法和类上是否有事务相关的注解，而AnnotationTransactionAttributeSource的属性annotationParsers 有生成逻辑，这里我们以SpringTransactionAnnotationParser说明

public class SpringTransactionAnnotationParser implements TransactionAnnotationParser, Serializable {

	@Override
	@Nullable
	public TransactionAttribute parseTransactionAnnotation(AnnotatedElement element) {
		AnnotationAttributes attributes = AnnotatedElementUtils.findMergedAnnotationAttributes(
				element, Transactional.class, false, false);
		if (attributes != null) {
			return parseTransactionAnnotation(attributes);
		}
		else {
			return null;
		}
	}

	public TransactionAttribute parseTransactionAnnotation(Transactional ann) {
		return parseTransactionAnnotation(AnnotationUtils.getAnnotationAttributes(ann, false, false));
	}

	protected TransactionAttribute parseTransactionAnnotation(AnnotationAttributes attributes) {
		RuleBasedTransactionAttribute rbta = new RuleBasedTransactionAttribute();

		Propagation propagation = attributes.getEnum("propagation");
		rbta.setPropagationBehavior(propagation.value());
		Isolation isolation = attributes.getEnum("isolation");
		rbta.setIsolationLevel(isolation.value());
		rbta.setTimeout(attributes.getNumber("timeout").intValue());
		rbta.setReadOnly(attributes.getBoolean("readOnly"));
		rbta.setQualifier(attributes.getString("value"));

		List<RollbackRuleAttribute> rollbackRules = new ArrayList<>();
		for (Class<?> rbRule : attributes.getClassArray("rollbackFor")) {
			rollbackRules.add(new RollbackRuleAttribute(rbRule));
		}
		for (String rbRule : attributes.getStringArray("rollbackForClassName")) {
			rollbackRules.add(new RollbackRuleAttribute(rbRule));
		}
		for (Class<?> rbRule : attributes.getClassArray("noRollbackFor")) {
			rollbackRules.add(new NoRollbackRuleAttribute(rbRule));
		}
		for (String rbRule : attributes.getStringArray("noRollbackForClassName")) {
			rollbackRules.add(new NoRollbackRuleAttribute(rbRule));
		}
		rbta.setRollbackRules(rollbackRules);

		return rbta;
	}


	@Override
	public boolean equals(Object other) {
		return (this == other || other instanceof SpringTransactionAnnotationParser);
	}

	@Override
	public int hashCode() {
		return SpringTransactionAnnotationParser.class.hashCode();
	}

}

到目前为止，可以看到，获取事务增强，选择满足事务的bean主要是看bean的类或者方法上是否存在Transactional注解，同时对事务的相关属性进行解析到TransactionAttribute并缓存到AnnotationTransactionAttributeSource中去，这样就完成了事务增强的解析工作。之后便是之前常见的生成代理。
那么事务执行的时候是怎么处理的呢？我们以JDK动态代理为例说明，

// JdkDynamicAopProxy.java
public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
		Object oldProxy = null;
		boolean setProxyContext = false;

		TargetSource targetSource = this.advised.targetSource;
		Object target = null;

		try {
			// equals方法处理
			if (!this.equalsDefined && AopUtils.isEqualsMethod(method)) {
				// The target does not implement the equals(Object) method itself.
				return equals(args[0]);
			}
			// hashcode方法处理
			else if (!this.hashCodeDefined && AopUtils.isHashCodeMethod(method)) {
				// The target does not implement the hashCode() method itself.
				return hashCode();
			}
			else if (method.getDeclaringClass() == DecoratingProxy.class) {
				// There is only getDecoratedClass() declared -> dispatch to proxy config.
				return AopProxyUtils.ultimateTargetClass(this.advised);
			}
			else if (!this.advised.opaque && method.getDeclaringClass().isInterface() &&
					method.getDeclaringClass().isAssignableFrom(Advised.class)) {
				// Service invocations on ProxyConfig with the proxy config...
				return AopUtils.invokeJoinpointUsingReflection(this.advised, method, args);
			}

			Object retVal;

			if (this.advised.exposeProxy) {
				// Make invocation available if necessary.
				oldProxy = AopContext.setCurrentProxy(proxy);
				setProxyContext = true;
			}

			// Get as late as possible to minimize the time we "own" the target,
			// in case it comes from a pool.
			target = targetSource.getTarget();
			Class<?> targetClass = (target != null ? target.getClass() : null);

			// Get the interception chain for this method.
			// 获取当前方法的拦截器链
			List<Object> chain = this.advised.getInterceptorsAndDynamicInterceptionAdvice(method, targetClass);

			// Check whether we have any advice. If we don't, we can fallback on direct
			// reflective invocation of the target, and avoid creating a MethodInvocation.
			// 如果拦截器链为空，则直接调用方法返回
			if (chain.isEmpty()) {
				// We can skip creating a MethodInvocation: just invoke the target directly
				// Note that the final invoker must be an InvokerInterceptor so we know it does
				// nothing but a reflective operation on the target, and no hot swapping or fancy proxying.
				Object[] argsToUse = AopProxyUtils.adaptArgumentsIfNecessary(method, args);
				retVal = AopUtils.invokeJoinpointUsingReflection(target, method, argsToUse);
			}
			else {
				// We need to create a method invocation...
				// 创建ReflectiveMethodInvocation，将拦截器链都封装在其中，
				MethodInvocation invocation =
						new ReflectiveMethodInvocation(proxy, target, method, args, targetClass, chain);
				// Proceed to the joinpoint through the interceptor chain.
				retVal = invocation.proceed();
			}

			// Massage return value if necessary.
			Class<?> returnType = method.getReturnType();
			if (retVal != null && retVal == target &&
					returnType != Object.class && returnType.isInstance(proxy) &&
					!RawTargetAccess.class.isAssignableFrom(method.getDeclaringClass())) {
				// Special case: it returned "this" and the return type of the method
				// is type-compatible. Note that we can't help if the target sets
				// a reference to itself in another returned object.
				retVal = proxy;
			}
			else if (retVal == null && returnType != Void.TYPE && returnType.isPrimitive()) {
				throw new AopInvocationException(
						"Null return value from advice does not match primitive return type for: " + method);
			}
			return retVal;
		}
		finally {
			if (target != null && !targetSource.isStatic()) {
				// Must have come from TargetSource.
				targetSource.releaseTarget(target);
			}
			if (setProxyContext) {
				// Restore old proxy.
				AopContext.setCurrentProxy(oldProxy);
			}
		}
	}

这里需要关注的是

// 获取当前方法的拦截器链
List<Object> chain = this.advised.getInterceptorsAndDynamicInterceptionAdvice(method, targetClass);

该方法逻辑如下：

// AdvisedSupport.java
public List<Object> getInterceptorsAndDynamicInterceptionAdvice(Method method, @Nullable Class<?> targetClass) {
		MethodCacheKey cacheKey = new MethodCacheKey(method);
		List<Object> cached = this.methodCache.get(cacheKey);
		if (cached == null) {
			cached = this.advisorChainFactory.getInterceptorsAndDynamicInterceptionAdvice(
					this, method, targetClass);
			this.methodCache.put(cacheKey, cached);
		}
		return cached;
	}

// DefaultAdvisorChainFactory.java
public List<Object> getInterceptorsAndDynamicInterceptionAdvice(
			Advised config, Method method, @Nullable Class<?> targetClass) {

		// This is somewhat tricky... We have to process introductions first,
		// but we need to preserve order in the ultimate list.
		AdvisorAdapterRegistry registry = GlobalAdvisorAdapterRegistry.getInstance();
		Advisor[] advisors = config.getAdvisors();
		List<Object> interceptorList = new ArrayList<>(advisors.length);
		Class<?> actualClass = (targetClass != null ? targetClass : method.getDeclaringClass());
		Boolean hasIntroductions = null;

		for (Advisor advisor : advisors) {
			if (advisor instanceof PointcutAdvisor) {
				// Add it conditionally.
				PointcutAdvisor pointcutAdvisor = (PointcutAdvisor) advisor;
				if (config.isPreFiltered() || pointcutAdvisor.getPointcut().getClassFilter().matches(actualClass)) {
					MethodMatcher mm = pointcutAdvisor.getPointcut().getMethodMatcher();
					boolean match;
					if (mm instanceof IntroductionAwareMethodMatcher) {
						if (hasIntroductions == null) {
							hasIntroductions = hasMatchingIntroductions(advisors, actualClass);
						}
						match = ((IntroductionAwareMethodMatcher) mm).matches(method, actualClass, hasIntroductions);
					}
					else {
						match = mm.matches(method, actualClass);
					}
					if (match) {
						MethodInterceptor[] interceptors = registry.getInterceptors(advisor);
						if (mm.isRuntime()) {
							// Creating a new object instance in the getInterceptors() method
							// isn't a problem as we normally cache created chains.
							for (MethodInterceptor interceptor : interceptors) {
								interceptorList.add(new InterceptorAndDynamicMethodMatcher(interceptor, mm));
							}
						}
						else {
							interceptorList.addAll(Arrays.asList(interceptors));
						}
					}
				}
			}
			else if (advisor instanceof IntroductionAdvisor) {
				IntroductionAdvisor ia = (IntroductionAdvisor) advisor;
				if (config.isPreFiltered() || ia.getClassFilter().matches(actualClass)) {
					Interceptor[] interceptors = registry.getInterceptors(advisor);
					interceptorList.addAll(Arrays.asList(interceptors));
				}
			}
			else {
				Interceptor[] interceptors = registry.getInterceptors(advisor);
				interceptorList.addAll(Arrays.asList(interceptors));
			}
		}

		return interceptorList;
	}


// DefaultAdvisorAdapterRegistry.java
public MethodInterceptor[] getInterceptors(Advisor advisor) throws UnknownAdviceTypeException {
		List<MethodInterceptor> interceptors = new ArrayList<>(3);
		Advice advice = advisor.getAdvice();
		if (advice instanceof MethodInterceptor) {
			interceptors.add((MethodInterceptor) advice);
		}
		for (AdvisorAdapter adapter : this.adapters) {
			if (adapter.supportsAdvice(advice)) {
				interceptors.add(adapter.getInterceptor(advisor));
			}
		}
		if (interceptors.isEmpty()) {
			throw new UnknownAdviceTypeException(advisor.getAdvice());
		}
		return interceptors.toArray(new MethodInterceptor[0]);
	}

这里事务相关获取到的Advisor其实就是BeanFactoryTransactionAttributeSourceAdvisor,而

MethodInterceptor[] interceptors = registry.getInterceptors(advisor);

public MethodInterceptor[] getInterceptors(Advisor advisor) throws UnknownAdviceTypeException {
		List<MethodInterceptor> interceptors = new ArrayList<>(3);
		Advice advice = advisor.getAdvice();
		if (advice instanceof MethodInterceptor) {
			interceptors.add((MethodInterceptor) advice);
		}
		for (AdvisorAdapter adapter : this.adapters) {
			if (adapter.supportsAdvice(advice)) {
				interceptors.add(adapter.getInterceptor(advisor));
			}
		}
		if (interceptors.isEmpty()) {
			throw new UnknownAdviceTypeException(advisor.getAdvice());
		}
		return interceptors.toArray(new MethodInterceptor[0]);
	}

可以看到，BeanFactoryTransactionAttributeSourceAdvisor.getAdvice获取到的就是之前注册的三个类中的TransactionInterceptor。事务相关的增强器链，对应的实际上就是TransactionInterceptor。最后代理执行的时候会调用TransactionInterceptor.invoke

// TransactionInterceptor.java
public Object invoke(MethodInvocation invocation) throws Throwable {
		// Work out the target class: may be {@code null}.
		// The TransactionAttributeSource should be passed the target class
		// as well as the method, which may be from an interface.
		Class<?> targetClass = (invocation.getThis() != null ? AopUtils.getTargetClass(invocation.getThis()) : null);

		// Adapt to TransactionAspectSupport's invokeWithinTransaction...
		return invokeWithinTransaction(invocation.getMethod(), targetClass, invocation::proceed);
	}


// TransactionAspectSupport.java
protected Object invokeWithinTransaction(Method method, @Nullable Class<?> targetClass,
			final InvocationCallback invocation) throws Throwable {

		// If the transaction attribute is null, the method is non-transactional.
		TransactionAttributeSource tas = getTransactionAttributeSource();
		final TransactionAttribute txAttr = (tas != null ? tas.getTransactionAttribute(method, targetClass) : null);
		final PlatformTransactionManager tm = determineTransactionManager(txAttr);
		final String joinpointIdentification = methodIdentification(method, targetClass, txAttr);
		// 声明式事务处理
		if (txAttr == null || !(tm instanceof CallbackPreferringPlatformTransactionManager)) {
			// Standard transaction demarcation with getTransaction and commit/rollback calls.
			// 创建事务
			TransactionInfo txInfo = createTransactionIfNecessary(tm, txAttr, joinpointIdentification);

			Object retVal;
			try {
				// This is an around advice: Invoke the next interceptor in the chain.
				// This will normally result in a target object being invoked.
				// 执行被增强的方法
				retVal = invocation.proceedWithInvocation();
			}
			catch (Throwable ex) {
				// target invocation exception
				// 异常处理
				completeTransactionAfterThrowing(txInfo, ex);
				throw ex;
			}
			finally {
			// 清除事务相关信息
				cleanupTransactionInfo(txInfo);
			}
			// 提交事务
			commitTransactionAfterReturning(txInfo);
			return retVal;
		}

		else {
		// 编程式事务处理
			final ThrowableHolder throwableHolder = new ThrowableHolder();

			// It's a CallbackPreferringPlatformTransactionManager: pass a TransactionCallback in.
			try {
				Object result = ((CallbackPreferringPlatformTransactionManager) tm).execute(txAttr, status -> {
					TransactionInfo txInfo = prepareTransactionInfo(tm, txAttr, joinpointIdentification, status);
					try {
						return invocation.proceedWithInvocation();
					}
					catch (Throwable ex) {
						if (txAttr.rollbackOn(ex)) {
							// A RuntimeException: will lead to a rollback.
							if (ex instanceof RuntimeException) {
								throw (RuntimeException) ex;
							}
							else {
								throw new ThrowableHolderException(ex);
							}
						}
						else {
							// A normal return value: will lead to a commit.
							throwableHolder.throwable = ex;
							return null;
						}
					}
					finally {
						cleanupTransactionInfo(txInfo);
					}
				});

				// Check result state: It might indicate a Throwable to rethrow.
				if (throwableHolder.throwable != null) {
					throw throwableHolder.throwable;
				}
				return result;
			}
			catch (ThrowableHolderException ex) {
				throw ex.getCause();
			}
			catch (TransactionSystemException ex2) {
				if (throwableHolder.throwable != null) {
					logger.error("Application exception overridden by commit exception", throwableHolder.throwable);
					ex2.initApplicationException(throwableHolder.throwable);
				}
				throw ex2;
			}
			catch (Throwable ex2) {
				if (throwableHolder.throwable != null) {
					logger.error("Application exception overridden by commit exception", throwableHolder.throwable);
				}
				throw ex2;
			}
		}
	}

梳理下上面大致的步骤：

获取事务的相关属性
加载配置的TransactionManager
判断声明式事务处理还是编程式事务处理，声明式事务处理与编程式事务处理主要有两点区别：编程式事务处理没有事务属性，另外就是TransactionManager，编程式事务用的是CallbackPreferringPlatformTransactionManager
在被增强的目标方法执行前获取事务并收集事务的相关信息
执行被增强的目标方法
出现异常时进行异常处理
提交事务前的事务信息清楚
提交事务、

获取事务相关属性，在解析事务增强的时候，我们已经分析过了，下面我们开始分析实际事务是怎么执行的

创建事务

// TransactionAspectSupport.java
protected TransactionInfo createTransactionIfNecessary(@Nullable PlatformTransactionManager tm,
			@Nullable TransactionAttribute txAttr, final String joinpointIdentification) {

		// If no name specified, apply method identification as transaction name.
		if (txAttr != null && txAttr.getName() == null) {
			txAttr = new DelegatingTransactionAttribute(txAttr) {
				@Override
				public String getName() {
					return joinpointIdentification;
				}
			};
		}
		TransactionStatus status = null;
		if (txAttr != null) {
			if (tm != null) {
				status = tm.getTransaction(txAttr);
			}
			else {
				if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
					logger.debug("Skipping transactional joinpoint [" + joinpointIdentification +
							"] because no transaction manager has been configured");
				}
			}
		}
		return prepareTransactionInfo(tm, txAttr, joinpointIdentification, status);
	}

可以看到，上述主要是完成如下步骤：

通过DelegatingTransactionAttribute分装txAttr
获取事务
构建事务相关信息

获取事务代码如下：

// AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.java
public final TransactionStatus getTransaction(@Nullable TransactionDefinition definition) throws TransactionException {
		Object transaction = doGetTransaction();

		// Cache debug flag to avoid repeated checks.
		boolean debugEnabled = logger.isDebugEnabled();

		if (definition == null) {
			// Use defaults if no transaction definition given.
			definition = new DefaultTransactionDefinition();
		}
		// 判断当前线程是否存在事务，判断是否存在事务是通过判断当前线程是否存在连接且连接中的isTransactionActive=true
		if (isExistingTransaction(transaction)) {
			// Existing transaction found -> check propagation behavior to find out how to behave.
			return handleExistingTransaction(definition, transaction, debugEnabled);
		}

		// Check definition settings for new transaction.
		// 事务超时验证
		if (definition.getTimeout() < TransactionDefinition.TIMEOUT_DEFAULT) {
			throw new InvalidTimeoutException("Invalid transaction timeout", definition.getTimeout());
		}

		// No existing transaction found -> check propagation behavior to find out how to proceed.
		// 如果当前线程不存在事务且propagationBehavior=PROPAGATION_MANDATORY，抛出异常
		if (definition.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_MANDATORY) {
			throw new IllegalTransactionStateException(
					"No existing transaction found for transaction marked with propagation 'mandatory'");
		}
		// PROPAGATION_REQUIRED PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW PROPAGATION_NESTED都需要开启新的事务
		else if (definition.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_REQUIRED ||
				definition.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW ||
				definition.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_NESTED) {
			// 空挂起
			SuspendedResourcesHolder suspendedResources = suspend(null);
			if (debugEnabled) {
				logger.debug("Creating new transaction with name [" + definition.getName() + "]: " + definition);
			}
			try {
				boolean newSynchronization = (getTransactionSynchronization() != SYNCHRONIZATION_NEVER);
				DefaultTransactionStatus status = newTransactionStatus(
						definition, transaction, true, newSynchronization, debugEnabled, suspendedResources);
				doBegin(transaction, definition);
				prepareSynchronization(status, definition);
				return status;
			}
			catch (RuntimeException | Error ex) {
				resume(null, suspendedResources);
				throw ex;
			}
		}
		else {
			// Create "empty" transaction: no actual transaction, but potentially synchronization.
			if (definition.getIsolationLevel() != TransactionDefinition.ISOLATION_DEFAULT && logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
				logger.warn("Custom isolation level specified but no actual transaction initiated; " +
						"isolation level will effectively be ignored: " + definition);
			}
			boolean newSynchronization = (getTransactionSynchronization() == SYNCHRONIZATION_ALWAYS);
			return prepareTransactionStatus(definition, null, true, newSynchronization, debugEnabled, null);
		}
	}

可以看到，主要进行了如下步骤处理

获取事务，doGetTransaction，我们以DataSourceTransactionManager为例说明，

// DataSourceTransactionManager.java
protected Object doGetTransaction() {
		DataSourceTransactionObject txObject = new DataSourceTransactionObject();
		// 设置保存点
		txObject.setSavepointAllowed(isNestedTransactionAllowed());
		// 如果当前线程已经获取了连接，直接使用已经获取到的连接
		ConnectionHolder conHolder =
				(ConnectionHolder) TransactionSynchronizationManager.getResource(obtainDataSource());
		txObject.setConnectionHolder(conHolder, false);
		return txObject;
	}

如果当前线程存在事务，则进行嵌套事务处理
事务超时设置验证
事务propagationBehavior验证
构建DefaultTransactionStatus
完善transaction，设置ConnectionHolder，隔离级别，timeout，将连接绑定到当前线程
将事务信息记录在当前线程中

事务很多特性，包括隔离级别，timeout，设置非自动提交等功能设置spring并不能完成，都是委托给了底层的数据库连接去处理完成的，这个处理就在doBegin函数中：

// DataSourceTransactionManager.java
protected void doBegin(Object transaction, TransactionDefinition definition) {
		DataSourceTransactionObject txObject = (DataSourceTransactionObject) transaction;
		Connection con = null;

		try {
			if (!txObject.hasConnectionHolder() ||
					txObject.getConnectionHolder().isSynchronizedWithTransaction()) {
				Connection newCon = obtainDataSource().getConnection();
				if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
					logger.debug("Acquired Connection [" + newCon + "] for JDBC transaction");
				}
				txObject.setConnectionHolder(new ConnectionHolder(newCon), true);
			}

			txObject.getConnectionHolder().setSynchronizedWithTransaction(true);
			con = txObject.getConnectionHolder().getConnection();
			// 设置隔离级别
			Integer previousIsolationLevel = DataSourceUtils.prepareConnectionForTransaction(con, definition);
			txObject.setPreviousIsolationLevel(previousIsolationLevel);

			// Switch to manual commit if necessary. This is very expensive in some JDBC drivers,
			// so we don't want to do it unnecessarily (for example if we've explicitly
			// configured the connection pool to set it already).
			// 更改连接自动提交，设置autocommit=false
			if (con.getAutoCommit()) {
				txObject.setMustRestoreAutoCommit(true);
				if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
					logger.debug("Switching JDBC Connection [" + con + "] to manual commit");
				}
				con.setAutoCommit(false);
			}
			// 事务前的准备，根据配置，是否设置 SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY
			prepareTransactionalConnection(con, definition);
			// 当前连接事务状态设置为true
			txObject.getConnectionHolder().setTransactionActive(true);

			int timeout = determineTimeout(definition);
			if (timeout != TransactionDefinition.TIMEOUT_DEFAULT) {
				txObject.getConnectionHolder().setTimeoutInSeconds(timeout);
			}

			// Bind the connection holder to the thread.
			// 将获取到的连接绑定到当前线程
			if (txObject.isNewConnectionHolder()) {
				TransactionSynchronizationManager.bindResource(obtainDataSource(), txObject.getConnectionHolder());
			}
		}

		catch (Throwable ex) {
			if (txObject.isNewConnectionHolder()) {
				DataSourceUtils.releaseConnection(con, obtainDataSource());
				txObject.setConnectionHolder(null, false);
			}
			throw new CannotCreateTransactionException("Could not open JDBC Connection for transaction", ex);
		}
	}

上述逻辑主要完成了如下操作步骤

获取连接
设置隔离级别以及是否只读标识
更改连接自动提交设置
设置标志位，标识当前连接已经被激活
设置过期时间
将ConnectionHolder绑定到当前线程

1. 处理已经存在的事务

代码逻辑如下：

// AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.java
private TransactionStatus handleExistingTransaction(
			TransactionDefinition definition, Object transaction, boolean debugEnabled)
			throws TransactionException {

		if (definition.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_NEVER) {
			throw new IllegalTransactionStateException(
					"Existing transaction found for transaction marked with propagation 'never'");
		}

		if (definition.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_NOT_SUPPORTED) {
			if (debugEnabled) {
				logger.debug("Suspending current transaction");
			}
			Object suspendedResources = suspend(transaction);
			boolean newSynchronization = (getTransactionSynchronization() == SYNCHRONIZATION_ALWAYS);
			return prepareTransactionStatus(
					definition, null, false, newSynchronization, debugEnabled, suspendedResources);
		}

		if (definition.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW) {
			if (debugEnabled) {
				logger.debug("Suspending current transaction, creating new transaction with name [" +
						definition.getName() + "]");
			}
			SuspendedResourcesHolder suspendedResources = suspend(transaction);
			try {
				boolean newSynchronization = (getTransactionSynchronization() != SYNCHRONIZATION_NEVER);
				DefaultTransactionStatus status = newTransactionStatus(
						definition, transaction, true, newSynchronization, debugEnabled, suspendedResources);
				doBegin(transaction, definition);
				prepareSynchronization(status, definition);
				return status;
			}
			catch (RuntimeException | Error beginEx) {
				resumeAfterBeginException(transaction, suspendedResources, beginEx);
				throw beginEx;
			}
		}

		if (definition.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_NESTED) {
			if (!isNestedTransactionAllowed()) {
				throw new NestedTransactionNotSupportedException(
						"Transaction manager does not allow nested transactions by default - " +
						"specify 'nestedTransactionAllowed' property with value 'true'");
			}
			if (debugEnabled) {
				logger.debug("Creating nested transaction with name [" + definition.getName() + "]");
			}
			if (useSavepointForNestedTransaction()) {
				// Create savepoint within existing Spring-managed transaction,
				// through the SavepointManager API implemented by TransactionStatus.
				// Usually uses JDBC 3.0 savepoints. Never activates Spring synchronization.
				DefaultTransactionStatus status =
						prepareTransactionStatus(definition, transaction, false, false, debugEnabled, null);
				status.createAndHoldSavepoint();
				return status;
			}
			else {
				// Nested transaction through nested begin and commit/rollback calls.
				// Usually only for JTA: Spring synchronization might get activated here
				// in case of a pre-existing JTA transaction.
				boolean newSynchronization = (getTransactionSynchronization() != SYNCHRONIZATION_NEVER);
				DefaultTransactionStatus status = newTransactionStatus(
						definition, transaction, true, newSynchronization, debugEnabled, null);
				doBegin(transaction, definition);
				prepareSynchronization(status, definition);
				return status;
			}
		}

		// Assumably PROPAGATION_SUPPORTS or PROPAGATION_REQUIRED.
		if (debugEnabled) {
			logger.debug("Participating in existing transaction");
		}
		if (isValidateExistingTransaction()) {
			if (definition.getIsolationLevel() != TransactionDefinition.ISOLATION_DEFAULT) {
				Integer currentIsolationLevel = TransactionSynchronizationManager.getCurrentTransactionIsolationLevel();
				if (currentIsolationLevel == null || currentIsolationLevel != definition.getIsolationLevel()) {
					Constants isoConstants = DefaultTransactionDefinition.constants;
					throw new IllegalTransactionStateException("Participating transaction with definition [" +
							definition + "] specifies isolation level which is incompatible with existing transaction: " +
							(currentIsolationLevel != null ?
									isoConstants.toCode(currentIsolationLevel, DefaultTransactionDefinition.PREFIX_ISOLATION) :
									"(unknown)"));
				}
			}
			if (!definition.isReadOnly()) {
				if (TransactionSynchronizationManager.isCurrentTransactionReadOnly()) {
					throw new IllegalTransactionStateException("Participating transaction with definition [" +
							definition + "] is not marked as read-only but existing transaction is");
				}
			}
		}
		boolean newSynchronization = (getTransactionSynchronization() != SYNCHRONIZATION_NEVER);
		return prepareTransactionStatus(definition, transaction, false, newSynchronization, debugEnabled, null);
	}

对于已经存在的事务的处理过程，可以看到与创建新事务很类似，但是有许多不同的地方，主要是对PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW和PROPAGATION_NESTED这两种传播机制的处理：
（1）PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW，当前的方法必须在一个新的事务里面进行，而如果当前线程已经有一个事务在执行，那么这个方法必须被挂起，spring会将原来的事务相关信息保存下来，当前事务执行完成之后恢复原事务
（2）PROPAGATION_NESTED，如果当前线程有事务，则在当前事务中执行，否则创建新的事务。当前线程存在事务，则嵌套事务执行，被嵌套的事务可以独立于封装事务进行提交或回滚（主要利用保存点savePoint）

对于挂起操作，主要是记录原有事务的状态，以便后续还原事务。（spring的事务只能单线程，无法多线程，因此这里不用考虑多线程的情况，所谓的挂起，只不过是将数据库连接原有事务状态擦除，设置为当前的事务状态，当前事务执行后再还原为之前的事务状态）

2. 准备事务相关信息

前面两个步骤执行完之后，我们已经获取了数据库的连接并完成了事务相关信息的提取，接下来我们需要将所有的这些信息统一绑定到TransactionInfo，执行prepareTransactionInfo:

// TransactionAspectSupport.java
protected TransactionInfo prepareTransactionInfo(@Nullable PlatformTransactionManager tm,
			@Nullable TransactionAttribute txAttr, String joinpointIdentification,
			@Nullable TransactionStatus status) {

		TransactionInfo txInfo = new TransactionInfo(tm, txAttr, joinpointIdentification);
		if (txAttr != null) {
			// We need a transaction for this method...
			if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
				logger.trace("Getting transaction for [" + txInfo.getJoinpointIdentification() + "]");
			}
			// The transaction manager will flag an error if an incompatible tx already exists.
			txInfo.newTransactionStatus(status);
		}
		else {
			// The TransactionInfo.hasTransaction() method will return false. We created it only
			// to preserve the integrity of the ThreadLocal stack maintained in this class.
			if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
				logger.trace("No need to create transaction for [" + joinpointIdentification +
						"]: This method is not transactional.");
			}
		}

		// We always bind the TransactionInfo to the thread, even if we didn't create
		// a new transaction here. This guarantees that the TransactionInfo stack
		// will be managed correctly even if no transaction was created by this aspect.
		txInfo.bindToThread();
		return txInfo;
	}

方法返回了一个TransactionInfo记录了开始前事务的所有信息，后续如果失败，会根据TransactionInfo 来进行事务回滚等操作。

3. 回滚处理

// TransactionAspectSupport.java
protected void completeTransactionAfterThrowing(@Nullable TransactionInfo txInfo, Throwable ex) {
		if (txInfo != null && txInfo.getTransactionStatus() != null) {
			if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
				logger.trace("Completing transaction for [" + txInfo.getJoinpointIdentification() +
						"] after exception: " + ex);
			}
			if (txInfo.transactionAttribute != null && txInfo.transactionAttribute.rollbackOn(ex)) {
				try {
// 根据TransactionStatus进行回滚					txInfo.getTransactionManager().rollback(txInfo.getTransactionStatus());
				}
				catch (TransactionSystemException ex2) {
					logger.error("Application exception overridden by rollback exception", ex);
					ex2.initApplicationException(ex);
					throw ex2;
				}
				catch (RuntimeException | Error ex2) {
					logger.error("Application exception overridden by rollback exception", ex);
					throw ex2;
				}
			}
			else {
				// We don't roll back on this exception.
				// Will still roll back if TransactionStatus.isRollbackOnly() is true.
				try {
					txInfo.getTransactionManager().commit(txInfo.getTransactionStatus());
				}
				catch (TransactionSystemException ex2) {
					logger.error("Application exception overridden by commit exception", ex);
					ex2.initApplicationException(ex);
					throw ex2;
				}
				catch (RuntimeException | Error ex2) {
					logger.error("Application exception overridden by commit exception", ex);
					throw ex2;
				}
			}
		}
	}
// DefaultTransactionAttribute
	public boolean rollbackOn(Throwable ex) {
		return (ex instanceof RuntimeException || ex instanceof Error);
	}

回滚条件

可以看到，默认回滚是判断ex是RuntimeException或者Error，如果我们自定义了rollbackFor规则，在解析事务相关属性的代码中：

// SpringTransactionAnnotationParser.java
protected TransactionAttribute parseTransactionAnnotation(AnnotationAttributes attributes) {
		RuleBasedTransactionAttribute rbta = new RuleBasedTransactionAttribute();

		Propagation propagation = attributes.getEnum("propagation");
		rbta.setPropagationBehavior(propagation.value());
		Isolation isolation = attributes.getEnum("isolation");
		rbta.setIsolationLevel(isolation.value());
		rbta.setTimeout(attributes.getNumber("timeout").intValue());
		rbta.setReadOnly(attributes.getBoolean("readOnly"));
		rbta.setQualifier(attributes.getString("value"));

		List<RollbackRuleAttribute> rollbackRules = new ArrayList<>();
		for (Class<?> rbRule : attributes.getClassArray("rollbackFor")) {
			rollbackRules.add(new RollbackRuleAttribute(rbRule));
		}
		for (String rbRule : attributes.getStringArray("rollbackForClassName")) {
			rollbackRules.add(new RollbackRuleAttribute(rbRule));
		}
		for (Class<?> rbRule : attributes.getClassArray("noRollbackFor")) {
			rollbackRules.add(new NoRollbackRuleAttribute(rbRule));
		}
		for (String rbRule : attributes.getStringArray("noRollbackForClassName")) {
			rollbackRules.add(new NoRollbackRuleAttribute(rbRule));
		}
		rbta.setRollbackRules(rollbackRules);

		return rbta;
	}

事务相关属性都封装在RuleBasedTransactionAttribute,把rollbackFor解析到RollbackRuleAttribute属性中，

// RuleBasedTransactionAttribute.java
public boolean rollbackOn(Throwable ex) {
		if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
			logger.trace("Applying rules to determine whether transaction should rollback on " + ex);
		}
		RollbackRuleAttribute winner = null;
		int deepest = Integer.MAX_VALUE;

		if (this.rollbackRules != null) {
			for (RollbackRuleAttribute rule : this.rollbackRules) {
				int depth = rule.getDepth(ex);
				if (depth >= 0 && depth < deepest) {
					deepest = depth;
					winner = rule;
				}
			}
		}

		if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
			logger.trace("Winning rollback rule is: " + winner);
		}

		// User superclass behavior (rollback on unchecked) if no rule matches.
		if (winner == null) {
			logger.trace("No relevant rollback rule found: applying default rules");
			return super.rollbackOn(ex);
		}
		return !(winner instanceof NoRollbackRuleAttribute);
	}


// RollbackRuleAttribute.java
	public int getDepth(Throwable ex) {
		return getDepth(ex.getClass(), 0);
	}
	private int getDepth(Class<?> exceptionClass, int depth) {
		if (exceptionClass.getName().contains(this.exceptionName)) {
			// Found it!
			return depth;
		}
		// If we've gone as far as we can go and haven't found it...
		if (exceptionClass == Throwable.class) {
			return -1;
		}
		return getDepth(exceptionClass.getSuperclass(), depth + 1);
	}

可以看到，这时候会判断异常ex是否满足rollbackFor中配置的异常。

回滚处理

一旦符合回滚条件，将进行回滚处理，

// AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.java
private void processRollback(DefaultTransactionStatus status, boolean unexpected) {
		try {
			boolean unexpectedRollback = unexpected;

			try {
				// 激活线程本地变量中所有TransactionSynchronization的beforeCompletion方法
				triggerBeforeCompletion(status);
				// 如果有保存点，当前事务退到保存点
				if (status.hasSavepoint()) {
					if (status.isDebug()) {
						logger.debug("Rolling back transaction to savepoint");
					}
					status.rollbackToHeldSavepoint();
				}
				// 如果为独立的新事务，直接回退
				else if (status.isNewTransaction()) {
					if (status.isDebug()) {
						logger.debug("Initiating transaction rollback");
					}
					doRollback(status);
				}
				else {
					// Participating in larger transaction
					// 如果不是独立的事务，标记状态，等到事务链执行完毕之后统一回滚
					if (status.hasTransaction()) {
						if (status.isLocalRollbackOnly() || isGlobalRollbackOnParticipationFailure()) {
							if (status.isDebug()) {
								logger.debug("Participating transaction failed - marking existing transaction as rollback-only");
							}
							doSetRollbackOnly(status);
						}
						else {
							if (status.isDebug()) {
								logger.debug("Participating transaction failed - letting transaction originator decide on rollback");
							}
						}
					}
					else {
						logger.debug("Should roll back transaction but cannot - no transaction available");
					}
					// Unexpected rollback only matters here if we're asked to fail early
					if (!isFailEarlyOnGlobalRollbackOnly()) {
						unexpectedRollback = false;
					}
				}
			}
			catch (RuntimeException | Error ex) {
				triggerAfterCompletion(status, TransactionSynchronization.STATUS_UNKNOWN);
				throw ex;
			}

			triggerAfterCompletion(status, TransactionSynchronization.STATUS_ROLLED_BACK);

			// Raise UnexpectedRollbackException if we had a global rollback-only marker
			if (unexpectedRollback) {
				throw new UnexpectedRollbackException(
						"Transaction rolled back because it has been marked as rollback-only");
			}
		}
		finally {
			// 清空记录的资源并将之前挂起的事务恢复
			cleanupAfterCompletion(status);
		}
	}

上述逻辑主要步骤流程如下：

自定义触发器的调用，回滚前，回滚后，
如果设置了保存点，回退到保存点

// AbstractTransactionStatus.java
public void rollbackToHeldSavepoint() throws TransactionException {
		Object savepoint = getSavepoint();
		if (savepoint == null) {
			throw new TransactionUsageException(
					"Cannot roll back to savepoint - no savepoint associated with current transaction");
		}
		getSavepointManager().rollbackToSavepoint(savepoint);
		getSavepointManager().releaseSavepoint(savepoint);
		setSavepoint(null);
	}

// JdbcTransactionObjectSupport.java
public void rollbackToSavepoint(Object savepoint) throws TransactionException {
		ConnectionHolder conHolder = getConnectionHolderForSavepoint();
		try {
			conHolder.getConnection().rollback((Savepoint) savepoint);
			conHolder.resetRollbackOnly();
		}
		catch (Throwable ex) {
			throw new TransactionSystemException("Could not roll back to JDBC savepoint", ex);
		}
	}

这里以jdbc的方式进行说明。

如果是新建事务，直接进行回滚，这里以DataSourceTransactionManager进行说明

// DataSourceTransactionManager.java
protected void doRollback(DefaultTransactionStatus status) {
		DataSourceTransactionObject txObject = (DataSourceTransactionObject) status.getTransaction();
		Connection con = txObject.getConnectionHolder().getConnection();
		if (status.isDebug()) {
			logger.debug("Rolling back JDBC transaction on Connection [" + con + "]");
		}
		try {
			con.rollback();
		}
		catch (SQLException ex) {
			throw new TransactionSystemException("Could not roll back JDBC transaction", ex);
		}
	}

可以看到，这里就是获取底层的数据库连接，然后进行回滚。

回滚信息的清除，无论回滚是否成功，都需要进行事务结束后的收尾工作。

// AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.java
private void cleanupAfterCompletion(DefaultTransactionStatus status) {
		// 设置事务状态为完成状态
		status.setCompleted();
		if (status.isNewSynchronization()) {
			TransactionSynchronizationManager.clear();
		}
		if (status.isNewTransaction()) {
			doCleanupAfterCompletion(status.getTransaction());
		}
		if (status.getSuspendedResources() != null) {
			if (status.isDebug()) {
				logger.debug("Resuming suspended transaction after completion of inner transaction");
			}
			Object transaction = (status.hasTransaction() ? status.getTransaction() : null);
			resume(transaction, (SuspendedResourcesHolder) status.getSuspendedResources());
		}
	}


// DataSourceTransactionManager.java
protected void doCleanupAfterCompletion(Object transaction) {
		DataSourceTransactionObject txObject = (DataSourceTransactionObject) transaction;

		// Remove the connection holder from the thread, if exposed.
		if (txObject.isNewConnectionHolder()) {
			TransactionSynchronizationManager.unbindResource(obtainDataSource());
		}

		// Reset connection.
		// 释放连接
		Connection con = txObject.getConnectionHolder().getConnection();
		try {
			if (txObject.isMustRestoreAutoCommit()) {
				// 回复连接的自动提交
				con.setAutoCommit(true);
			}
			DataSourceUtils.resetConnectionAfterTransaction(con, txObject.getPreviousIsolationLevel());
		}
		catch (Throwable ex) {
			logger.debug("Could not reset JDBC Connection after transaction", ex);
		}
		// 如果当前事务是新建的连接，释放数据库连接
		if (txObject.isNewConnectionHolder()) {
			if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
				logger.debug("Releasing JDBC Connection [" + con + "] after transaction");
			}
			DataSourceUtils.releaseConnection(con, this.dataSource);
		}

		txObject.getConnectionHolder().clear();
	}

如果事务执行之前有事务挂起，则当前事务结束后需要将挂起的事务恢复


// AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.java
	protected final void resume(@Nullable Object transaction, @Nullable SuspendedResourcesHolder resourcesHolder)
			throws TransactionException {

		if (resourcesHolder != null) {
			Object suspendedResources = resourcesHolder.suspendedResources;
			if (suspendedResources != null) {
				doResume(transaction, suspendedResources);
			}
			List<TransactionSynchronization> suspendedSynchronizations = resourcesHolder.suspendedSynchronizations;
			if (suspendedSynchronizations != null) {
				TransactionSynchronizationManager.setActualTransactionActive(resourcesHolder.wasActive);
				TransactionSynchronizationManager.setCurrentTransactionIsolationLevel(resourcesHolder.isolationLevel);
				TransactionSynchronizationManager.setCurrentTransactionReadOnly(resourcesHolder.readOnly);
				TransactionSynchronizationManager.setCurrentTransactionName(resourcesHolder.name);
				doResumeSynchronization(suspendedSynchronizations);
			}
		}
	}
private void doResumeSynchronization(List<TransactionSynchronization> suspendedSynchronizations) {
		TransactionSynchronizationManager.initSynchronization();
		for (TransactionSynchronization synchronization : suspendedSynchronizations) {
			synchronization.resume();
			TransactionSynchronizationManager.registerSynchronization(synchronization);
		}
	}

恢复挂起的事务，主要就是将之前事务状态恢复复原。

4. 提交事务

如果事务执行过程中没有出现任何异常，方法执行成功，这样就会走正常的事务提交过程。在上面事务异常处理的时候，如果某个事务既没有保存点又不是新建的事务的时候，只是设置了一个回滚标识，这里事务提交的时候就会派上用场，其主要场景如下：某个事务是另一个事务的嵌入事务，但是这些事务又不在spring的事务管理范围内，或者无法设置保存点的时候，spring会通过设置回滚标识来禁止事务提交。当某个嵌入事务发生回滚的时候设置回滚标识，等到外部事务提交时，一旦判断当前事务设置了回滚标识，则由外部事务来统一进行整体事务的回滚。

// TransactionAspectSupport.java
protected void commitTransactionAfterReturning(@Nullable TransactionInfo txInfo) {
		if (txInfo != null && txInfo.getTransactionStatus() != null) {
			if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
				logger.trace("Completing transaction for [" + txInfo.getJoinpointIdentification() + "]");
			}
			txInfo.getTransactionManager().commit(txInfo.getTransactionStatus());
		}
	}

// AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.java
public final void commit(TransactionStatus status) throws TransactionException {
		if (status.isCompleted()) {
			throw new IllegalTransactionStateException(
					"Transaction is already completed - do not call commit or rollback more than once per transaction");
		}

		DefaultTransactionStatus defStatus = (DefaultTransactionStatus) status;
		// 事务已经被标记回滚，不会提交事务，直接回滚
		if (defStatus.isLocalRollbackOnly()) {
			if (defStatus.isDebug()) {
				logger.debug("Transactional code has requested rollback");
			}
			processRollback(defStatus, false);
			return;
		}

		if (!shouldCommitOnGlobalRollbackOnly() && defStatus.isGlobalRollbackOnly()) {
			if (defStatus.isDebug()) {
				logger.debug("Global transaction is marked as rollback-only but transactional code requested commit");
			}
			processRollback(defStatus, true);
			return;
		}

		processCommit(defStatus);
	}
private void processCommit(DefaultTransactionStatus status) throws TransactionException {
		try {
			boolean beforeCompletionInvoked = false;

			try {
				boolean unexpectedRollback = false;
				prepareForCommit(status);
				triggerBeforeCommit(status);
				triggerBeforeCompletion(status);
				beforeCompletionInvoked = true;

				if (status.hasSavepoint()) {
					if (status.isDebug()) {
						logger.debug("Releasing transaction savepoint");
					}
					unexpectedRollback = status.isGlobalRollbackOnly();
					status.releaseHeldSavepoint();
				}
				else if (status.isNewTransaction()) {
					if (status.isDebug()) {
						logger.debug("Initiating transaction commit");
					}
					unexpectedRollback = status.isGlobalRollbackOnly();
					doCommit(status);
				}
				else if (isFailEarlyOnGlobalRollbackOnly()) {
					unexpectedRollback = status.isGlobalRollbackOnly();
				}

				// Throw UnexpectedRollbackException if we have a global rollback-only
				// marker but still didn't get a corresponding exception from commit.
				if (unexpectedRollback) {
					throw new UnexpectedRollbackException(
							"Transaction silently rolled back because it has been marked as rollback-only");
				}
			}
			catch (UnexpectedRollbackException ex) {
				// can only be caused by doCommit
				triggerAfterCompletion(status, TransactionSynchronization.STATUS_ROLLED_BACK);
				throw ex;
			}
			catch (TransactionException ex) {
				// can only be caused by doCommit
				if (isRollbackOnCommitFailure()) {
					doRollbackOnCommitException(status, ex);
				}
				else {
					triggerAfterCompletion(status, TransactionSynchronization.STATUS_UNKNOWN);
				}
				throw ex;
			}
			catch (RuntimeException | Error ex) {
				if (!beforeCompletionInvoked) {
					triggerBeforeCompletion(status);
				}
				// 提交过程中出现异常回滚
				doRollbackOnCommitException(status, ex);
				throw ex;
			}

			// Trigger afterCommit callbacks, with an exception thrown there
			// propagated to callers but the transaction still considered as committed.
			try {
				triggerAfterCommit(status);
			}
			finally {
				triggerAfterCompletion(status, TransactionSynchronization.STATUS_COMMITTED);
			}

		}
		finally {
			cleanupAfterCompletion(status);
		}
	}

// DataSourceTransactionManager.java
protected void doCommit(DefaultTransactionStatus status) {
		DataSourceTransactionObject txObject = (DataSourceTransactionObject) status.getTransaction();
		Connection con = txObject.getConnectionHolder().getConnection();
		if (status.isDebug()) {
			logger.debug("Committing JDBC transaction on Connection [" + con + "]");
		}
		try {
			con.commit();
		}
		catch (SQLException ex) {
			throw new TransactionSystemException("Could not commit JDBC transaction", ex);
		}
	}

在事务提交过程中并不是直接提交的，有如下判断：

当前事务存在保存点信息则不会提交事务
当事务不是新建事务也不会提交事务
这两个判断主要是为了嵌套事务处理，对于嵌套事务，spring中是在处理当前事务之前设置保存带你，一旦当前事务（嵌套事务）出现异常时便根据保存点的信息进行回滚，如果没有出现异常，当前事务（嵌套事务）也不会单独提交，而是根据事务流，由最外层事务负责提交，因此当前事务存在保存点信息就不是最外层事务或者说是新建事务，不做保存操作，对于是否是新建事务的判断也是基于此考虑。
如果经过上述一系列逻辑判断之后能够进行事务提交，spring则会调用底层数据库连接提交事务。