在java中处理数据库相关逻辑时一般都会用到事务相关处理，如果我们直接使用基于jdbc底层的事务处理，程序一般比较浮渣，spring的声明式事务处理让我们从繁杂的事务处理中得以解脱出来。
spring提供了两种事务管理机制：
-
编程式事务管理
编程式事务管理是侵入性事务管理，使用TransactionTemplate或者直接使用PlatformTransactionManager，对于编程式事务管理，Spring推荐使用TransactionTemplate。 -
声明式事务管理
声明式事务管理建立在AOP之上，其本质是对方法前后进行拦截，然后在目标方法开始之前创建或者加入一个事务，执行完目标方法之后根据执行的情况提交或者回滚。
编程式事务每次实现都要单独实现，但业务量大功能复杂时，使用编程式事务无疑是痛苦的，而声明式事务不同，声明式事务属于无侵入式，不会影响业务逻辑的实现，只需要在配置文件中做相关的事务规则声明或者通过注解的方式，便可以将事务规则应用到业务逻辑中。
显然声明式事务管理要优于编程式事务管理，这正是Spring倡导的非侵入式的编程方式。唯一不足的地方就是声明式事务管理的粒度是方法级别，而编程式事务管理是可以到代码块的，但是可以通过提取方法的方式完成声明式事务管理的配置。
一般常见在方法和类上增加如下注解配置开启事务：
@Transactional(propagation="xxx",timeout="xx in seconds",readOnly="false",rollbackFor="Exception1.class,Exception2.class,",noRollbackFor="Exception3.class,Exception4.class",transactionManager="xxxx"
public void insert(){
}
spring中事务的传播机制：
- PROPAGATION_REQUIRED
Spring默认的传播机制，能满足绝大部分业务需求，如果外层有事务，则当前事务加入到外层事务，一块提交，一块回滚。如果外层没有事务，新建一个事务执行 - PROPAGATION_REQUES_NEW
该事务传播机制是每次都会新开启一个事务，同时把外层事务挂起，当当前事务执行完毕，恢复上层事务的执行。如果外层没有事务，执行当前新开启的事务即可 - PROPAGATION_SUPPORT
如果外层有事务，则加入外层事务，如果外层没有事务，则直接使用非事务方式执行。完全依赖外层的事务 - PROPAGATION_NOT_SUPPORT
该传播机制不支持事务，如果外层存在事务则挂起，执行完当前代码，则恢复外层事务，无论是否异常都不会回滚当前的代码 - PROPAGATION_NEVER
该传播机制不支持外层事务，即如果外层有事务就抛出异常 - PROPAGATION_MANDATORY
与NEVER相反，如果外层没有事务，则抛出异常 - PROPAGATION_NESTED
该传播机制的特点是可以保存状态保存点，当前事务回滚到某一个点，从而避免所有的嵌套事务都回滚，即各自回滚各自的，如果子事务没有把异常吃掉，基本还是会引起全部回滚的。
从前面的spring的其他相关底层实现我们知道，一般遇到相关schema解析的时候，spring都会获取META-INF/spring.handlers中获取对应schema解析处理类来进行处理，我们直接定位到spring事务处理模块spring-tx，获取到对应spring.handlers文件内容如下：
http\://www.springframework.org/schema/tx=org.springframework.transaction.config.TxNamespaceHandler
进入TxNamespaceHandler，该类逻辑如下：
// TxNamespaceHandler.java
public class TxNamespaceHandler extends NamespaceHandlerSupport {
static final String TRANSACTION_MANAGER_ATTRIBUTE = "transaction-manager";
static final String DEFAULT_TRANSACTION_MANAGER_BEAN_NAME = "transactionManager";
static String getTransactionManagerName(Element element) {
return (element.hasAttribute(TRANSACTION_MANAGER_ATTRIBUTE) ?
element.getAttribute(TRANSACTION_MANAGER_ATTRIBUTE) : DEFAULT_TRANSACTION_MANAGER_BEAN_NAME);
}
@Override
public void init() {
registerBeanDefinitionParser("advice", new TxAdviceBeanDefinitionParser());
registerBeanDefinitionParser("annotation-driven", new AnnotationDrivenBeanDefinitionParser());
registerBeanDefinitionParser("jta-transaction-manager", new JtaTransactionManagerBeanDefinitionParser());
}
}
可以看到，处理<tx:annotation-driven>的是TxAdviceBeanDefinitionParser类。查看该类的parse方法：
// TxAdviceBeanDefinitionParser.java
public BeanDefinition parse(Element element, ParserContext parserContext) {
registerTransactionalEventListenerFactory(parserContext);
String mode = element.getAttribute("mode");
if ("aspectj".equals(mode)) {
// mode="aspectj"
registerTransactionAspect(element, parserContext);
if (ClassUtils.isPresent("javax.transaction.Transactional", getClass().getClassLoader())) {
registerJtaTransactionAspect(element, parserContext);
}
}
else {
// mode="proxy"
AopAutoProxyConfigurer.configureAutoProxyCreator(element, parserContext);
}
return null;
}
这里可以看到，如果我们没有显示的指定mode=aspectj的话，默认使用的是基于动态代理的处理方式。我们这里以默认的动态代理模式进行分析，可以看到parse方法主要是做了AopAutoProxyConfigurer.configureAutoProxyCreator(element, parserContext);处理，该逻辑如下：
// AopAutoProxyConfigurer.java
public static void configureAutoProxyCreator(Element element, ParserContext parserContext) {
AopNamespaceUtils.registerAutoProxyCreatorIfNecessary(parserContext, element);
String txAdvisorBeanName = TransactionManagementConfigUtils.TRANSACTION_ADVISOR_BEAN_NAME;
if (!parserContext.getRegistry().containsBeanDefinition(txAdvisorBeanName)) {
Object eleSource = parserContext.extractSource(element);
// Create the TransactionAttributeSource definition.
RootBeanDefinition sourceDef = new RootBeanDefinition(
"org.springframework.transaction.annotation.AnnotationTransactionAttributeSource");
sourceDef.setSource(eleSource);
sourceDef.setRole(BeanDefinition.ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE);
String sourceName = parserContext.getReaderContext().registerWithGeneratedName(sourceDef);
// Create the TransactionInterceptor definition.
RootBeanDefinition interceptorDef = new RootBeanDefinition(TransactionInterceptor.class);
interceptorDef.setSource(eleSource);
interceptorDef.setRole(BeanDefinition.ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE);
registerTransactionManager(element, interceptorDef);
interceptorDef.getPropertyValues().add("transactionAttributeSource", new RuntimeBeanReference(sourceName));
String interceptorName = parserContext.getReaderContext().registerWithGeneratedName(interceptorDef);
// Create the TransactionAttributeSourceAdvisor definition.
RootBeanDefinition advisorDef = new RootBeanDefinition(BeanFactoryTransactionAttributeSourceAdvisor.class);
advisorDef.setSource(eleSource);
advisorDef.setRole(BeanDefinition.ROLE_INFRASTRUCTURE);
advisorDef.getPropertyValues().add("transactionAttributeSource", new RuntimeBeanReference(sourceName));
advisorDef.getPropertyValues().add("adviceBeanName", interceptorName);
if (element.hasAttribute("order")) {
advisorDef.getPropertyValues().add("order", element.getAttribute("order"));
}
parserContext.getRegistry().registerBeanDefinition(txAdvisorBeanName, advisorDef);
CompositeComponentDefinition compositeDef = new CompositeComponentDefinition(element.getTagName(), eleSource);
compositeDef.addNestedComponent(new BeanComponentDefinition(sourceDef, sourceName));
compositeDef.addNestedComponent(new BeanComponentDefinition(interceptorDef, interceptorName));
compositeDef.addNestedComponent(new BeanComponentDefinition(advisorDef, txAdvisorBeanName));
parserContext.registerComponent(compositeDef);
}
}
}
这里仅从代码层面分析来看，主要是注册了三个bean，但是这三个bean是支撑了spring事务的整个功能。
这三个类分别是
BeanFactoryTransactionAttributeSourceAdvisor
AnnotationTransactionAttributeSource
TransactionInterceptor
采用组合模式，将 AnnotationTransactionAttributeSource和 TransactionInterceptor组合到BeanFactoryTransactionAttributeSourceAdvisor中。
上述方法中，有一个处理
AopNamespaceUtils.registerAutoProxyCreatorIfNecessary(parserContext, element);
代码逻辑如下：
// AopNamespaceUtils.java
public static void registerAutoProxyCreatorIfNecessary(
ParserContext parserContext, Element sourceElement) {
BeanDefinition beanDefinition = AopConfigUtils.registerAutoProxyCreatorIfNecessary(
parserContext.getRegistry(), parserContext.extractSource(sourceElement));
useClassProxyingIfNecessary(parserContext.getRegistry(), sourceElement);
registerComponentIfNecessary(beanDefinition, parserContext);
}
// AopConfigUtils.java
public static BeanDefinition registerAutoProxyCreatorIfNecessary(
BeanDefinitionRegistry registry, @Nullable Object source) {
return registerOrEscalateApcAsRequired(InfrastructureAdvisorAutoProxyCreator.class, registry, source);
}
这块逻辑是向IOC容器中注册了InfrastructureAdvisorAutoProxyCreator，我们查看这个类的继承关系。
在之前分析AOP的时候，aop是基于bean的后置处理实现，通过aop的实现方式，
这里前面的逻辑与AOP的逻辑是一致的，前面都是查找到当前spring容器中所有的增强，这个时候会从容器中所有的bean查找类型为Advisor类型的bean，而在TxAdviceBeanDefinitionParser.parse中，向IOC中注册了BeanFactoryTransactionAttributeSourceAdvisor,查看类继承结构，
可以发现，BeanFactoryTransactionAttributeSourceAdvisor实现了Advisor接口。因此，获取增强的时候，就会获取到BeanFactoryTransactionAttributeSourceAdvisor这个增强。
获取到候选的增强之后，会对增强进行过滤，遍历bean集合，判断bean是否满足增强的条件：
List candidateAdvisors = findCandidateAdvisors();
List eligibleAdvisors = findAdvisorsThatCanApply(candidateAdvisors, beanClass, beanName);
// AopUtils.java
public static List<Advisor> findAdvisorsThatCanApply(List<Advisor> candidateAdvisors, Class<?> clazz) {
if (candidateAdvisors.isEmpty()) {
return candidateAdvisors;
}
List<Advisor> eligibleAdvisors = new ArrayList<>();
for (Advisor candidate : candidateAdvisors) {
if (candidate instanceof IntroductionAdvisor && canApply(candidate, clazz)) {
eligibleAdvisors.add(candidate);
}
}
boolean hasIntroductions = !eligibleAdvisors.isEmpty();
for (Advisor candidate : candidateAdvisors) {
if (candidate instanceof IntroductionAdvisor) {
// already processed
continue;
}
if (canApply(candidate, clazz, hasIntroductions)) {
eligibleAdvisors.add(candidate);
}
}
return eligibleAdvisors;
}
public static boolean canApply(Advisor advisor, Class<?> targetClass, boolean hasIntroductions) {
if (advisor instanceof IntroductionAdvisor) {
return ((IntroductionAdvisor) advisor).getClassFilter().matches(targetClass);
}
else if (advisor instanceof PointcutAdvisor) {
PointcutAdvisor pca = (PointcutAdvisor) advisor;
return canApply(pca.getPointcut(), targetClass, hasIntroductions);
}
else {
// It doesn't have a pointcut so we assume it applies.
return true;
}
}
其中判断逻辑代码块：
else if (advisor instanceof PointcutAdvisor) {
PointcutAdvisor pca = (PointcutAdvisor) advisor;
return canApply(pca.getPointcut(), targetClass, hasIntroductions);
}
BeanFactoryTransactionAttributeSourceAdvisor也实现了PointcutAdvisor接口，代码会进入这块逻辑判断，而BeanFactoryTransactionAttributeSourceAdvisor.getPointcut
// BeanFactoryTransactionAttributeSourceAdvisor.java
public class BeanFactoryTransactionAttributeSourceAdvisor extends AbstractBeanFactoryPointcutAdvisor {
@Nullable
private TransactionAttributeSource transactionAttributeSource;
private final TransactionAttributeSourcePointcut pointcut = new TransactionAttributeSourcePointcut() {
@Override
@Nullable
protected TransactionAttributeSource getTransactionAttributeSource() {
return transactionAttributeSource;
}
};
public void setTransactionAttributeSource(TransactionAttributeSource transactionAttributeSource) {
this.transactionAttributeSource = transactionAttributeSource;
}
public void setClassFilter(ClassFilter classFilter) {
this.pointcut.setClassFilter(classFilter);
}
@Override
public Pointcut getPointcut() {
return this.pointcut;
}
}
返回的是一个TransactionAttributeSourcePointcut实现类，并且，其getTransactionAttributeSource返回的是BeanFactoryTransactionAttributeSourceAdvisor的transactionAttributeSource属性，而开始我们说的，在parse方法里面，组合了三个类，BeanFactoryTransactionAttributeSourceAdvisor.transactionAttributeSource指向的是AnnotationTransactionAttributeSource.
进入
canApply(pca.getPointcut(), targetClass, hasIntroductions);
其逻辑如下：
// AopUtils.java
public static boolean canApply(Pointcut pc, Class<?> targetClass, boolean hasIntroductions) {
Assert.notNull(pc, "Pointcut must not be null");
if (!pc.getClassFilter().matches(targetClass)) {
return false;
}
MethodMatcher methodMatcher = pc.getMethodMatcher();
if (methodMatcher == MethodMatcher.TRUE) {
// No need to iterate the methods if we're matching any method anyway...
return true;
}
IntroductionAwareMethodMatcher introductionAwareMethodMatcher = null;
if (methodMatcher instanceof IntroductionAwareMethodMatcher) {
introductionAwareMethodMatcher = (IntroductionAwareMethodMatcher) methodMatcher;
}
Set<Class<?>> classes = new LinkedHashSet<>();
if (!Proxy.isProxyClass(targetClass)) {
classes.add(ClassUtils.getUserClass(targetClass));
}
classes.addAll(ClassUtils.getAllInterfacesForClassAsSet(targetClass));
for (Class<?> clazz : classes) {
Method[] methods = ReflectionUtils.getAllDeclaredMethods(clazz);
for (Method method : methods) {
if (introductionAwareMethodMatcher != null ?
introductionAwareMethodMatcher.matches(method, targetClass, hasIntroductions) :
methodMatcher.matches(method, targetClass)) {
return true;
}
}
}
return false;
}
// TransactionAttributeSourcePointcut.java
public boolean matches(Method method, Class<?> targetClass) {
if (TransactionalProxy.class.isAssignableFrom(targetClass) ||
PlatformTransactionManager.class.isAssignableFrom(targetClass) ||
PersistenceExceptionTranslator.class.isAssignableFrom(targetClass)) {
return false;
}
TransactionAttributeSource tas = getTransactionAttributeSource();
return (tas == null || tas.getTransactionAttribute(method, targetClass) != null);
}
可以发现，这块会调用getTransactionAttributeSource().getTransactionAttribute(method, targetClass),而getTransactionAttributeSource()方法返回的是AnnotationTransactionAttributeSource
AnnotationTransactionAttributeSource类继承结构如图所示：
在其父类AbstractFallbackTransactionAttributeSource找到了对应getTransactionAttribute方法的实现：
// AbstractFallbackTransactionAttributeSource.java
public TransactionAttribute getTransactionAttribute(Method method, @Nullable Class<?> targetClass) {
if (method.getDeclaringClass() == Object.class) {
return null;
}
// First, see if we have a cached value.
Object cacheKey = getCacheKey(method, targetClass);
TransactionAttribute cached = this.attributeCache.get(cacheKey);
if (cached != null) {
// Value will either be canonical value indicating there is no transaction attribute,
// or an actual transaction attribute.
if (cached == NULL_TRANSACTION_ATTRIBUTE) {
return null;
}
else {
return cached;
}
}
else {
// We need to work it out.
TransactionAttribute txAttr = computeTransactionAttribute(method, targetClass);
// Put it in the cache.
if (txAttr == null) {
this.attributeCache.put(cacheKey, NULL_TRANSACTION_ATTRIBUTE);
}
else {
String methodIdentification = ClassUtils.getQualifiedMethodName(method, targetClass);
if (txAttr instanceof DefaultTransactionAttribute) {
((DefaultTransactionAttribute) txAttr).setDescriptor(methodIdentification);
}
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace("Adding transactional method '" + methodIdentification + "' with attribute: " + txAttr);
}
this.attributeCache.put(cacheKey, txAttr);
}
return txAttr;
}
}
protected TransactionAttribute computeTransactionAttribute(Method method, @Nullable Class<?> targetClass) {
// Don't allow no-public methods as required.
if (allowPublicMethodsOnly() && !Modifier.isPublic(method.getModifiers())) {
return null;
}
// The method may be on an interface, but we need attributes from the target class.
// If the target class is null, the method will be unchanged.
Method specificMethod = AopUtils.getMostSpecificMethod(method, targetClass);
// First try is the method in the target class.
TransactionAttribute txAttr = findTransactionAttribute(specificMethod);
if (txAttr != null) {
return txAttr;
}
// Second try is the transaction attribute on the target class.
txAttr = findTransactionAttribute(specificMethod.getDeclaringClass());
if (txAttr != null && ClassUtils.isUserLevelMethod(method)) {
return txAttr;
}
// 如果存在接口，则在接口中查找
if (specificMethod != method) {
// Fallback is to look at the original method.
txAttr = findTransactionAttribute(method);
if (txAttr != null) {
return txAttr;
}
// Last fallback is the class of the original method.
txAttr = findTransactionAttribute(method.getDeclaringClass());
if (txAttr != null && ClassUtils.isUserLevelMethod(method)) {
return txAttr;
}
}
return null;
}
// AnnotationTransactionAttributeSource.java
protected TransactionAttribute findTransactionAttribute(Class<?> clazz) {
return determineTransactionAttribute(clazz);
}
@Override
@Nullable
protected TransactionAttribute findTransactionAttribute(Method method) {
return determineTransactionAttribute(method);
}
protected TransactionAttribute determineTransactionAttribute(AnnotatedElement element) {
for (TransactionAnnotationParser annotationParser : this.annotationParsers) {
TransactionAttribute attr = annotationParser.parseTransactionAnnotation(element);
if (attr != null) {
return attr;
}
}
return null;
}
public AnnotationTransactionAttributeSource(boolean publicMethodsOnly) {
this.publicMethodsOnly = publicMethodsOnly;
if (jta12Present || ejb3Present) {
this.annotationParsers = new LinkedHashSet<>(4);
this.annotationParsers.add(new SpringTransactionAnnotationParser());
if (jta12Present) {
this.annotationParsers.add(new JtaTransactionAnnotationParser());
}
if (ejb3Present) {
this.annotationParsers.add(new Ejb3TransactionAnnotationParser());
}
}
else {
this.annotationParsers = Collections.singleton(new SpringTransactionAnnotationParser());
}
}
可以看到，AnnotationTransactionAttributeSource中会判断获取bean的方法和类上是否有事务相关的注解，而AnnotationTransactionAttributeSource的属性annotationParsers 有生成逻辑，这里我们以SpringTransactionAnnotationParser说明
public class SpringTransactionAnnotationParser implements TransactionAnnotationParser, Serializable {
@Override
@Nullable
public TransactionAttribute parseTransactionAnnotation(AnnotatedElement element) {
AnnotationAttributes attributes = AnnotatedElementUtils.findMergedAnnotationAttributes(
element, Transactional.class, false, false);
if (attributes != null) {
return parseTransactionAnnotation(attributes);
}
else {
return null;
}
}
public TransactionAttribute parseTransactionAnnotation(Transactional ann) {
return parseTransactionAnnotation(AnnotationUtils.getAnnotationAttributes(ann, false, false));
}
protected TransactionAttribute parseTransactionAnnotation(AnnotationAttributes attributes) {
RuleBasedTransactionAttribute rbta = new RuleBasedTransactionAttribute();
Propagation propagation = attributes.getEnum("propagation");
rbta.setPropagationBehavior(propagation.value());
Isolation isolation = attributes.getEnum("isolation");
rbta.setIsolationLevel(isolation.value());
rbta.setTimeout(attributes.getNumber("timeout").intValue());
rbta.setReadOnly(attributes.getBoolean("readOnly"));
rbta.setQualifier(attributes.getString("value"));
List<RollbackRuleAttribute> rollbackRules = new ArrayList<>();
for (Class<?> rbRule : attributes.getClassArray("rollbackFor")) {
rollbackRules.add(new RollbackRuleAttribute(rbRule));
}
for (String rbRule : attributes.getStringArray("rollbackForClassName")) {
rollbackRules.add(new RollbackRuleAttribute(rbRule));
}
for (Class<?> rbRule : attributes.getClassArray("noRollbackFor")) {
rollbackRules.add(new NoRollbackRuleAttribute(rbRule));
}
for (String rbRule : attributes.getStringArray("noRollbackForClassName")) {
rollbackRules.add(new NoRollbackRuleAttribute(rbRule));
}
rbta.setRollbackRules(rollbackRules);
return rbta;
}
@Override
public boolean equals(Object other) {
return (this == other || other instanceof SpringTransactionAnnotationParser);
}
@Override
public int hashCode() {
return SpringTransactionAnnotationParser.class.hashCode();
}
}
到目前为止，可以看到，获取事务增强，选择满足事务的bean主要是看bean的类或者方法上是否存在Transactional注解，同时对事务的相关属性进行解析到TransactionAttribute并缓存到AnnotationTransactionAttributeSource中去，这样就完成了事务增强的解析工作。之后便是之前常见的生成代理。
那么事务执行的时候是怎么处理的呢？我们以JDK动态代理为例说明，
// JdkDynamicAopProxy.java
public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
Object oldProxy = null;
boolean setProxyContext = false;
TargetSource targetSource = this.advised.targetSource;
Object target = null;
try {
// equals方法处理
if (!this.equalsDefined && AopUtils.isEqualsMethod(method)) {
// The target does not implement the equals(Object) method itself.
return equals(args[0]);
}
// hashcode方法处理
else if (!this.hashCodeDefined && AopUtils.isHashCodeMethod(method)) {
// The target does not implement the hashCode() method itself.
return hashCode();
}
else if (method.getDeclaringClass() == DecoratingProxy.class) {
// There is only getDecoratedClass() declared -> dispatch to proxy config.
return AopProxyUtils.ultimateTargetClass(this.advised);
}
else if (!this.advised.opaque && method.getDeclaringClass().isInterface() &&
method.getDeclaringClass().isAssignableFrom(Advised.class)) {
// Service invocations on ProxyConfig with the proxy config...
return AopUtils.invokeJoinpointUsingReflection(this.advised, method, args);
}
Object retVal;
if (this.advised.exposeProxy) {
// Make invocation available if necessary.
oldProxy = AopContext.setCurrentProxy(proxy);
setProxyContext = true;
}
// Get as late as possible to minimize the time we "own" the target,
// in case it comes from a pool.
target = targetSource.getTarget();
Class<?> targetClass = (target != null ? target.getClass() : null);
// Get the interception chain for this method.
// 获取当前方法的拦截器链
List<Object> chain = this.advised.getInterceptorsAndDynamicInterceptionAdvice(method, targetClass);
// Check whether we have any advice. If we don't, we can fallback on direct
// reflective invocation of the target, and avoid creating a MethodInvocation.
// 如果拦截器链为空，则直接调用方法返回
if (chain.isEmpty()) {
// We can skip creating a MethodInvocation: just invoke the target directly
// Note that the final invoker must be an InvokerInterceptor so we know it does
// nothing but a reflective operation on the target, and no hot swapping or fancy proxying.
Object[] argsToUse = AopProxyUtils.adaptArgumentsIfNecessary(method, args);
retVal = AopUtils.invokeJoinpointUsingReflection(target, method, argsToUse);
}
else {
// We need to create a method invocation...
// 创建ReflectiveMethodInvocation，将拦截器链都封装在其中，
MethodInvocation invocation =
new ReflectiveMethodInvocation(proxy, target, method, args, targetClass, chain);
// Proceed to the joinpoint through the interceptor chain.
retVal = invocation.proceed();
}
// Massage return value if necessary.
Class<?> returnType = method.getReturnType();
if (retVal != null && retVal == target &&
returnType != Object.class && returnType.isInstance(proxy) &&
!RawTargetAccess.class.isAssignableFrom(method.getDeclaringClass())) {
// Special case: it returned "this" and the return type of the method
// is type-compatible. Note that we can't help if the target sets
// a reference to itself in another returned object.
retVal = proxy;
}
else if (retVal == null && returnType != Void.TYPE && returnType.isPrimitive()) {
throw new AopInvocationException(
"Null return value from advice does not match primitive return type for: " + method);
}
return retVal;
}
finally {
if (target != null && !targetSource.isStatic()) {
// Must have come from TargetSource.
targetSource.releaseTarget(target);
}
if (setProxyContext) {
// Restore old proxy.
AopContext.setCurrentProxy(oldProxy);
}
}
}
这里需要关注的是
// 获取当前方法的拦截器链
List<Object> chain = this.advised.getInterceptorsAndDynamicInterceptionAdvice(method, targetClass);
该方法逻辑如下：
// AdvisedSupport.java
public List<Object> getInterceptorsAndDynamicInterceptionAdvice(Method method, @Nullable Class<?> targetClass) {
MethodCacheKey cacheKey = new MethodCacheKey(method);
List<Object> cached = this.methodCache.get(cacheKey);
if (cached == null) {
cached = this.advisorChainFactory.getInterceptorsAndDynamicInterceptionAdvice(
this, method, targetClass);
this.methodCache.put(cacheKey, cached);
}
return cached;
}
// DefaultAdvisorChainFactory.java
public List<Object> getInterceptorsAndDynamicInterceptionAdvice(
Advised config, Method method, @Nullable Class<?> targetClass) {
// This is somewhat tricky... We have to process introductions first,
// but we need to preserve order in the ultimate list.
AdvisorAdapterRegistry registry = GlobalAdvisorAdapterRegistry.getInstance();
Advisor[] advisors = config.getAdvisors();
List<Object> interceptorList = new ArrayList<>(advisors.length);
Class<?> actualClass = (targetClass != null ? targetClass : method.getDeclaringClass());
Boolean hasIntroductions = null;
for (Advisor advisor : advisors) {
if (advisor instanceof PointcutAdvisor) {
// Add it conditionally.
PointcutAdvisor pointcutAdvisor = (PointcutAdvisor) advisor;
if (config.isPreFiltered() || pointcutAdvisor.getPointcut().getClassFilter().matches(actualClass)) {
MethodMatcher mm = pointcutAdvisor.getPointcut().getMethodMatcher();
boolean match;
if (mm instanceof IntroductionAwareMethodMatcher) {
if (hasIntroductions == null) {
hasIntroductions = hasMatchingIntroductions(advisors, actualClass);
}
match = ((IntroductionAwareMethodMatcher) mm).matches(method, actualClass, hasIntroductions);
}
else {
match = mm.matches(method, actualClass);
}
if (match) {
MethodInterceptor[] interceptors = registry.getInterceptors(advisor);
if (mm.isRuntime()) {
// Creating a new object instance in the getInterceptors() method
// isn't a problem as we normally cache created chains.
for (MethodInterceptor interceptor : interceptors) {
interceptorList.add(new InterceptorAndDynamicMethodMatcher(interceptor, mm));
}
}
else {
interceptorList.addAll(Arrays.asList(interceptors));
}
}
}
}
else if (advisor instanceof IntroductionAdvisor) {
IntroductionAdvisor ia = (IntroductionAdvisor) advisor;
if (config.isPreFiltered() || ia.getClassFilter().matches(actualClass)) {
Interceptor[] interceptors = registry.getInterceptors(advisor);
interceptorList.addAll(Arrays.asList(interceptors));
}
}
else {
Interceptor[] interceptors = registry.getInterceptors(advisor);
interceptorList.addAll(Arrays.asList(interceptors));
}
}
return interceptorList;
}
// DefaultAdvisorAdapterRegistry.java
public MethodInterceptor[] getInterceptors(Advisor advisor) throws UnknownAdviceTypeException {
List<MethodInterceptor> interceptors = new ArrayList<>(3);
Advice advice = advisor.getAdvice();
if (advice instanceof MethodInterceptor) {
interceptors.add((MethodInterceptor) advice);
}
for (AdvisorAdapter adapter : this.adapters) {
if (adapter.supportsAdvice(advice)) {
interceptors.add(adapter.getInterceptor(advisor));
}
}
if (interceptors.isEmpty()) {
throw new UnknownAdviceTypeException(advisor.getAdvice());
}
return interceptors.toArray(new MethodInterceptor[0]);
}
这里事务相关获取到的Advisor其实就是BeanFactoryTransactionAttributeSourceAdvisor,而
MethodInterceptor[] interceptors = registry.getInterceptors(advisor);
public MethodInterceptor[] getInterceptors(Advisor advisor) throws UnknownAdviceTypeException {
List<MethodInterceptor> interceptors = new ArrayList<>(3);
Advice advice = advisor.getAdvice();
if (advice instanceof MethodInterceptor) {
interceptors.add((MethodInterceptor) advice);
}
for (AdvisorAdapter adapter : this.adapters) {
if (adapter.supportsAdvice(advice)) {
interceptors.add(adapter.getInterceptor(advisor));
}
}
if (interceptors.isEmpty()) {
throw new UnknownAdviceTypeException(advisor.getAdvice());
}
return interceptors.toArray(new MethodInterceptor[0]);
}
可以看到，BeanFactoryTransactionAttributeSourceAdvisor.getAdvice获取到的就是之前注册的三个类中的TransactionInterceptor。事务相关的增强器链，对应的实际上就是TransactionInterceptor。最后代理执行的时候会调用TransactionInterceptor.invoke
// TransactionInterceptor.java
public Object invoke(MethodInvocation invocation) throws Throwable {
// Work out the target class: may be {@code null}.
// The TransactionAttributeSource should be passed the target class
// as well as the method, which may be from an interface.
Class<?> targetClass = (invocation.getThis() != null ? AopUtils.getTargetClass(invocation.getThis()) : null);
// Adapt to TransactionAspectSupport's invokeWithinTransaction...
return invokeWithinTransaction(invocation.getMethod(), targetClass, invocation::proceed);
}
// TransactionAspectSupport.java
protected Object invokeWithinTransaction(Method method, @Nullable Class<?> targetClass,
final InvocationCallback invocation) throws Throwable {
// If the transaction attribute is null, the method is non-transactional.
TransactionAttributeSource tas = getTransactionAttributeSource();
final TransactionAttribute txAttr = (tas != null ? tas.getTransactionAttribute(method, targetClass) : null);
final PlatformTransactionManager tm = determineTransactionManager(txAttr);
final String joinpointIdentification = methodIdentification(method, targetClass, txAttr);
// 声明式事务处理
if (txAttr == null || !(tm instanceof CallbackPreferringPlatformTransactionManager)) {
// Standard transaction demarcation with getTransaction and commit/rollback calls.
// 创建事务
TransactionInfo txInfo = createTransactionIfNecessary(tm, txAttr, joinpointIdentification);
Object retVal;
try {
// This is an around advice: Invoke the next interceptor in the chain.
// This will normally result in a target object being invoked.
// 执行被增强的方法
retVal = invocation.proceedWithInvocation();
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
// target invocation exception
// 异常处理
completeTransactionAfterThrowing(txInfo, ex);
throw ex;
}
finally {
// 清除事务相关信息
cleanupTransactionInfo(txInfo);
}
// 提交事务
commitTransactionAfterReturning(txInfo);
return retVal;
}
else {
// 编程式事务处理
final ThrowableHolder throwableHolder = new ThrowableHolder();
// It's a CallbackPreferringPlatformTransactionManager: pass a TransactionCallback in.
try {
Object result = ((CallbackPreferringPlatformTransactionManager) tm).execute(txAttr, status -> {
TransactionInfo txInfo = prepareTransactionInfo(tm, txAttr, joinpointIdentification, status);
try {
return invocation.proceedWithInvocation();
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
if (txAttr.rollbackOn(ex)) {
// A RuntimeException: will lead to a rollback.
if (ex instanceof RuntimeException) {
throw (RuntimeException) ex;
}
else {
throw new ThrowableHolderException(ex);
}
}
else {
// A normal return value: will lead to a commit.
throwableHolder.throwable = ex;
return null;
}
}
finally {
cleanupTransactionInfo(txInfo);
}
});
// Check result state: It might indicate a Throwable to rethrow.
if (throwableHolder.throwable != null) {
throw throwableHolder.throwable;
}
return result;
}
catch (ThrowableHolderException ex) {
throw ex.getCause();
}
catch (TransactionSystemException ex2) {
if (throwableHolder.throwable != null) {
logger.error("Application exception overridden by commit exception", throwableHolder.throwable);
ex2.initApplicationException(throwableHolder.throwable);
}
throw ex2;
}
catch (Throwable ex2) {
if (throwableHolder.throwable != null) {
logger.error("Application exception overridden by commit exception", throwableHolder.throwable);
}
throw ex2;
}
}
}
梳理下上面大致的步骤：
- 获取事务的相关属性
- 加载配置的TransactionManager
- 判断声明式事务处理还是编程式事务处理，声明式事务处理与编程式事务处理主要有两点区别： 编程式事务处理没有事务属性，另外就是TransactionManager，编程式事务用的是CallbackPreferringPlatformTransactionManager
- 在被增强的目标方法执行前获取事务并收集事务的相关信息
- 执行被增强的目标方法
- 出现异常时进行异常处理
- 提交事务前的事务信息清楚
- 提交事务、
获取事务相关属性，在解析事务增强的时候，我们已经分析过了，下面我们开始分析实际事务是怎么执行的
创建事务
// TransactionAspectSupport.java
protected TransactionInfo createTransactionIfNecessary(@Nullable PlatformTransactionManager tm,
@Nullable TransactionAttribute txAttr, final String joinpointIdentification) {
// If no name specified, apply method identification as transaction name.
if (txAttr != null && txAttr.getName() == null) {
txAttr = new DelegatingTransactionAttribute(txAttr) {
@Override
public String getName() {
return joinpointIdentification;
}
};
}
TransactionStatus status = null;
if (txAttr != null) {
if (tm != null) {
status = tm.getTransaction(txAttr);
}
else {
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Skipping transactional joinpoint [" + joinpointIdentification +
"] because no transaction manager has been configured");
}
}
}
return prepareTransactionInfo(tm, txAttr, joinpointIdentification, status);
}
可以看到，上述主要是完成如下步骤：
- 通过DelegatingTransactionAttribute分装txAttr
- 获取事务
- 构建事务相关信息
获取事务代码如下：
// AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.java
public final TransactionStatus getTransaction(@Nullable TransactionDefinition definition) throws TransactionException {
Object transaction = doGetTransaction();
// Cache debug flag to avoid repeated checks.
boolean debugEnabled = logger.isDebugEnabled();
if (definition == null) {
// Use defaults if no transaction definition given.
definition = new DefaultTransactionDefinition();
}
// 判断当前线程是否存在事务，判断是否存在事务是通过判断当前线程是否存在连接且连接中的isTransactionActive=true
if (isExistingTransaction(transaction)) {
// Existing transaction found -> check propagation behavior to find out how to behave.
return handleExistingTransaction(definition, transaction, debugEnabled);
}
// Check definition settings for new transaction.
// 事务超时验证
if (definition.getTimeout() < TransactionDefinition.TIMEOUT_DEFAULT) {
throw new InvalidTimeoutException("Invalid transaction timeout", definition.getTimeout());
}
// No existing transaction found -> check propagation behavior to find out how to proceed.
// 如果当前线程不存在事务且propagationBehavior=PROPAGATION_MANDATORY，抛出异常
if (definition.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_MANDATORY) {
throw new IllegalTransactionStateException(
"No existing transaction found for transaction marked with propagation 'mandatory'");
}
// PROPAGATION_REQUIRED PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW PROPAGATION_NESTED都需要开启新的事务
else if (definition.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_REQUIRED ||
definition.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW ||
definition.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_NESTED) {
// 空挂起
SuspendedResourcesHolder suspendedResources = suspend(null);
if (debugEnabled) {
logger.debug("Creating new transaction with name [" + definition.getName() + "]: " + definition);
}
try {
boolean newSynchronization = (getTransactionSynchronization() != SYNCHRONIZATION_NEVER);
DefaultTransactionStatus status = newTransactionStatus(
definition, transaction, true, newSynchronization, debugEnabled, suspendedResources);
doBegin(transaction, definition);
prepareSynchronization(status, definition);
return status;
}
catch (RuntimeException | Error ex) {
resume(null, suspendedResources);
throw ex;
}
}
else {
// Create "empty" transaction: no actual transaction, but potentially synchronization.
if (definition.getIsolationLevel() != TransactionDefinition.ISOLATION_DEFAULT && logger.isWarnEnabled()) {
logger.warn("Custom isolation level specified but no actual transaction initiated; " +
"isolation level will effectively be ignored: " + definition);
}
boolean newSynchronization = (getTransactionSynchronization() == SYNCHRONIZATION_ALWAYS);
return prepareTransactionStatus(definition, null, true, newSynchronization, debugEnabled, null);
}
}
可以看到，主要进行了如下步骤处理
- 获取事务，
doGetTransaction，我们以DataSourceTransactionManager为例说明，
// DataSourceTransactionManager.java
protected Object doGetTransaction() {
DataSourceTransactionObject txObject = new DataSourceTransactionObject();
// 设置保存点
txObject.setSavepointAllowed(isNestedTransactionAllowed());
// 如果当前线程已经获取了连接，直接使用已经获取到的连接
ConnectionHolder conHolder =
(ConnectionHolder) TransactionSynchronizationManager.getResource(obtainDataSource());
txObject.setConnectionHolder(conHolder, false);
return txObject;
}
- 如果当前线程存在事务，则进行嵌套事务处理
- 事务超时设置验证
- 事务propagationBehavior验证
- 构建DefaultTransactionStatus
- 完善transaction，设置ConnectionHolder，隔离级别，timeout，将连接绑定到当前线程
- 将事务信息记录在当前线程中
事务很多特性，包括隔离级别，timeout，设置非自动提交等功能设置spring并不能完成，都是委托给了底层的数据库连接去处理完成的，这个处理就在doBegin函数中：
// DataSourceTransactionManager.java
protected void doBegin(Object transaction, TransactionDefinition definition) {
DataSourceTransactionObject txObject = (DataSourceTransactionObject) transaction;
Connection con = null;
try {
if (!txObject.hasConnectionHolder() ||
txObject.getConnectionHolder().isSynchronizedWithTransaction()) {
Connection newCon = obtainDataSource().getConnection();
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Acquired Connection [" + newCon + "] for JDBC transaction");
}
txObject.setConnectionHolder(new ConnectionHolder(newCon), true);
}
txObject.getConnectionHolder().setSynchronizedWithTransaction(true);
con = txObject.getConnectionHolder().getConnection();
// 设置隔离级别
Integer previousIsolationLevel = DataSourceUtils.prepareConnectionForTransaction(con, definition);
txObject.setPreviousIsolationLevel(previousIsolationLevel);
// Switch to manual commit if necessary. This is very expensive in some JDBC drivers,
// so we don't want to do it unnecessarily (for example if we've explicitly
// configured the connection pool to set it already).
// 更改连接自动提交，设置autocommit=false
if (con.getAutoCommit()) {
txObject.setMustRestoreAutoCommit(true);
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Switching JDBC Connection [" + con + "] to manual commit");
}
con.setAutoCommit(false);
}
// 事务前的准备，根据配置，是否设置 SET TRANSACTION READ ONLY
prepareTransactionalConnection(con, definition);
// 当前连接事务状态设置为true
txObject.getConnectionHolder().setTransactionActive(true);
int timeout = determineTimeout(definition);
if (timeout != TransactionDefinition.TIMEOUT_DEFAULT) {
txObject.getConnectionHolder().setTimeoutInSeconds(timeout);
}
// Bind the connection holder to the thread.
// 将获取到的连接绑定到当前线程
if (txObject.isNewConnectionHolder()) {
TransactionSynchronizationManager.bindResource(obtainDataSource(), txObject.getConnectionHolder());
}
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
if (txObject.isNewConnectionHolder()) {
DataSourceUtils.releaseConnection(con, obtainDataSource());
txObject.setConnectionHolder(null, false);
}
throw new CannotCreateTransactionException("Could not open JDBC Connection for transaction", ex);
}
}
上述逻辑主要完成了如下操作步骤
- 获取连接
- 设置隔离级别以及是否只读标识
- 更改连接自动提交设置
- 设置标志位，标识当前连接已经被激活
- 设置过期时间
- 将ConnectionHolder绑定到当前线程
1. 处理已经存在的事务
代码逻辑如下：
// AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.java
private TransactionStatus handleExistingTransaction(
TransactionDefinition definition, Object transaction, boolean debugEnabled)
throws TransactionException {
if (definition.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_NEVER) {
throw new IllegalTransactionStateException(
"Existing transaction found for transaction marked with propagation 'never'");
}
if (definition.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_NOT_SUPPORTED) {
if (debugEnabled) {
logger.debug("Suspending current transaction");
}
Object suspendedResources = suspend(transaction);
boolean newSynchronization = (getTransactionSynchronization() == SYNCHRONIZATION_ALWAYS);
return prepareTransactionStatus(
definition, null, false, newSynchronization, debugEnabled, suspendedResources);
}
if (definition.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW) {
if (debugEnabled) {
logger.debug("Suspending current transaction, creating new transaction with name [" +
definition.getName() + "]");
}
SuspendedResourcesHolder suspendedResources = suspend(transaction);
try {
boolean newSynchronization = (getTransactionSynchronization() != SYNCHRONIZATION_NEVER);
DefaultTransactionStatus status = newTransactionStatus(
definition, transaction, true, newSynchronization, debugEnabled, suspendedResources);
doBegin(transaction, definition);
prepareSynchronization(status, definition);
return status;
}
catch (RuntimeException | Error beginEx) {
resumeAfterBeginException(transaction, suspendedResources, beginEx);
throw beginEx;
}
}
if (definition.getPropagationBehavior() == TransactionDefinition.PROPAGATION_NESTED) {
if (!isNestedTransactionAllowed()) {
throw new NestedTransactionNotSupportedException(
"Transaction manager does not allow nested transactions by default - " +
"specify 'nestedTransactionAllowed' property with value 'true'");
}
if (debugEnabled) {
logger.debug("Creating nested transaction with name [" + definition.getName() + "]");
}
if (useSavepointForNestedTransaction()) {
// Create savepoint within existing Spring-managed transaction,
// through the SavepointManager API implemented by TransactionStatus.
// Usually uses JDBC 3.0 savepoints. Never activates Spring synchronization.
DefaultTransactionStatus status =
prepareTransactionStatus(definition, transaction, false, false, debugEnabled, null);
status.createAndHoldSavepoint();
return status;
}
else {
// Nested transaction through nested begin and commit/rollback calls.
// Usually only for JTA: Spring synchronization might get activated here
// in case of a pre-existing JTA transaction.
boolean newSynchronization = (getTransactionSynchronization() != SYNCHRONIZATION_NEVER);
DefaultTransactionStatus status = newTransactionStatus(
definition, transaction, true, newSynchronization, debugEnabled, null);
doBegin(transaction, definition);
prepareSynchronization(status, definition);
return status;
}
}
// Assumably PROPAGATION_SUPPORTS or PROPAGATION_REQUIRED.
if (debugEnabled) {
logger.debug("Participating in existing transaction");
}
if (isValidateExistingTransaction()) {
if (definition.getIsolationLevel() != TransactionDefinition.ISOLATION_DEFAULT) {
Integer currentIsolationLevel = TransactionSynchronizationManager.getCurrentTransactionIsolationLevel();
if (currentIsolationLevel == null || currentIsolationLevel != definition.getIsolationLevel()) {
Constants isoConstants = DefaultTransactionDefinition.constants;
throw new IllegalTransactionStateException("Participating transaction with definition [" +
definition + "] specifies isolation level which is incompatible with existing transaction: " +
(currentIsolationLevel != null ?
isoConstants.toCode(currentIsolationLevel, DefaultTransactionDefinition.PREFIX_ISOLATION) :
"(unknown)"));
}
}
if (!definition.isReadOnly()) {
if (TransactionSynchronizationManager.isCurrentTransactionReadOnly()) {
throw new IllegalTransactionStateException("Participating transaction with definition [" +
definition + "] is not marked as read-only but existing transaction is");
}
}
}
boolean newSynchronization = (getTransactionSynchronization() != SYNCHRONIZATION_NEVER);
return prepareTransactionStatus(definition, transaction, false, newSynchronization, debugEnabled, null);
}
对于已经存在的事务的处理过程，可以看到与创建新事务很类似，但是有许多不同的地方，主要是对PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW和PROPAGATION_NESTED这两种传播机制的处理：
（1）PROPAGATION_REQUIRES_NEW，当前的方法必须在一个新的事务里面进行，而如果当前线程已经有一个事务在执行，那么这个方法必须被挂起，spring会将原来的事务相关信息保存下来，当前事务执行完成之后恢复原事务
（2）PROPAGATION_NESTED，如果当前线程有事务，则在当前事务中执行，否则创建新的事务。当前线程存在事务，则嵌套事务执行，被嵌套的事务可以独立于封装事务进行提交或回滚（主要利用保存点savePoint）
对于挂起操作，主要是记录原有事务的状态，以便后续还原事务。（spring的事务只能单线程，无法多线程，因此这里不用考虑多线程的情况，所谓的挂起，只不过是将数据库连接原有事务状态擦除，设置为当前的事务状态，当前事务执行后再还原为之前的事务状态）
2. 准备事务相关信息
前面两个步骤执行完之后，我们已经获取了数据库的连接并完成了事务相关信息的提取，接下来我们需要将所有的这些信息统一绑定到TransactionInfo，执行prepareTransactionInfo:
// TransactionAspectSupport.java
protected TransactionInfo prepareTransactionInfo(@Nullable PlatformTransactionManager tm,
@Nullable TransactionAttribute txAttr, String joinpointIdentification,
@Nullable TransactionStatus status) {
TransactionInfo txInfo = new TransactionInfo(tm, txAttr, joinpointIdentification);
if (txAttr != null) {
// We need a transaction for this method...
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace("Getting transaction for [" + txInfo.getJoinpointIdentification() + "]");
}
// The transaction manager will flag an error if an incompatible tx already exists.
txInfo.newTransactionStatus(status);
}
else {
// The TransactionInfo.hasTransaction() method will return false. We created it only
// to preserve the integrity of the ThreadLocal stack maintained in this class.
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace("No need to create transaction for [" + joinpointIdentification +
"]: This method is not transactional.");
}
}
// We always bind the TransactionInfo to the thread, even if we didn't create
// a new transaction here. This guarantees that the TransactionInfo stack
// will be managed correctly even if no transaction was created by this aspect.
txInfo.bindToThread();
return txInfo;
}
方法返回了一个TransactionInfo记录了开始前事务的所有信息，后续如果失败，会根据TransactionInfo 来进行事务回滚等操作。
3. 回滚处理
// TransactionAspectSupport.java
protected void completeTransactionAfterThrowing(@Nullable TransactionInfo txInfo, Throwable ex) {
if (txInfo != null && txInfo.getTransactionStatus() != null) {
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace("Completing transaction for [" + txInfo.getJoinpointIdentification() +
"] after exception: " + ex);
}
if (txInfo.transactionAttribute != null && txInfo.transactionAttribute.rollbackOn(ex)) {
try {
// 根据TransactionStatus进行回滚 txInfo.getTransactionManager().rollback(txInfo.getTransactionStatus());
}
catch (TransactionSystemException ex2) {
logger.error("Application exception overridden by rollback exception", ex);
ex2.initApplicationException(ex);
throw ex2;
}
catch (RuntimeException | Error ex2) {
logger.error("Application exception overridden by rollback exception", ex);
throw ex2;
}
}
else {
// We don't roll back on this exception.
// Will still roll back if TransactionStatus.isRollbackOnly() is true.
try {
txInfo.getTransactionManager().commit(txInfo.getTransactionStatus());
}
catch (TransactionSystemException ex2) {
logger.error("Application exception overridden by commit exception", ex);
ex2.initApplicationException(ex);
throw ex2;
}
catch (RuntimeException | Error ex2) {
logger.error("Application exception overridden by commit exception", ex);
throw ex2;
}
}
}
}
// DefaultTransactionAttribute
public boolean rollbackOn(Throwable ex) {
return (ex instanceof RuntimeException || ex instanceof Error);
}
可以看到，默认回滚是判断ex是RuntimeException或者Error，如果我们自定义了rollbackFor规则，在解析事务相关属性的代码中：
// SpringTransactionAnnotationParser.java
protected TransactionAttribute parseTransactionAnnotation(AnnotationAttributes attributes) {
RuleBasedTransactionAttribute rbta = new RuleBasedTransactionAttribute();
Propagation propagation = attributes.getEnum("propagation");
rbta.setPropagationBehavior(propagation.value());
Isolation isolation = attributes.getEnum("isolation");
rbta.setIsolationLevel(isolation.value());
rbta.setTimeout(attributes.getNumber("timeout").intValue());
rbta.setReadOnly(attributes.getBoolean("readOnly"));
rbta.setQualifier(attributes.getString("value"));
List<RollbackRuleAttribute> rollbackRules = new ArrayList<>();
for (Class<?> rbRule : attributes.getClassArray("rollbackFor")) {
rollbackRules.add(new RollbackRuleAttribute(rbRule));
}
for (String rbRule : attributes.getStringArray("rollbackForClassName")) {
rollbackRules.add(new RollbackRuleAttribute(rbRule));
}
for (Class<?> rbRule : attributes.getClassArray("noRollbackFor")) {
rollbackRules.add(new NoRollbackRuleAttribute(rbRule));
}
for (String rbRule : attributes.getStringArray("noRollbackForClassName")) {
rollbackRules.add(new NoRollbackRuleAttribute(rbRule));
}
rbta.setRollbackRules(rollbackRules);
return rbta;
}
事务相关属性都封装在RuleBasedTransactionAttribute,把rollbackFor解析到RollbackRuleAttribute属性中，
// RuleBasedTransactionAttribute.java
public boolean rollbackOn(Throwable ex) {
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace("Applying rules to determine whether transaction should rollback on " + ex);
}
RollbackRuleAttribute winner = null;
int deepest = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
if (this.rollbackRules != null) {
for (RollbackRuleAttribute rule : this.rollbackRules) {
int depth = rule.getDepth(ex);
if (depth >= 0 && depth < deepest) {
deepest = depth;
winner = rule;
}
}
}
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace("Winning rollback rule is: " + winner);
}
// User superclass behavior (rollback on unchecked) if no rule matches.
if (winner == null) {
logger.trace("No relevant rollback rule found: applying default rules");
return super.rollbackOn(ex);
}
return !(winner instanceof NoRollbackRuleAttribute);
}
// RollbackRuleAttribute.java
public int getDepth(Throwable ex) {
return getDepth(ex.getClass(), 0);
}
private int getDepth(Class<?> exceptionClass, int depth) {
if (exceptionClass.getName().contains(this.exceptionName)) {
// Found it!
return depth;
}
// If we've gone as far as we can go and haven't found it...
if (exceptionClass == Throwable.class) {
return -1;
}
return getDepth(exceptionClass.getSuperclass(), depth + 1);
}
可以看到，这时候会判断异常ex是否满足rollbackFor中配置的异常。
一旦符合回滚条件，将进行回滚处理，
// AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.java
private void processRollback(DefaultTransactionStatus status, boolean unexpected) {
try {
boolean unexpectedRollback = unexpected;
try {
// 激活线程本地变量中所有TransactionSynchronization的beforeCompletion方法
triggerBeforeCompletion(status);
// 如果有保存点，当前事务退到保存点
if (status.hasSavepoint()) {
if (status.isDebug()) {
logger.debug("Rolling back transaction to savepoint");
}
status.rollbackToHeldSavepoint();
}
// 如果为独立的新事务，直接回退
else if (status.isNewTransaction()) {
if (status.isDebug()) {
logger.debug("Initiating transaction rollback");
}
doRollback(status);
}
else {
// Participating in larger transaction
// 如果不是独立的事务，标记状态，等到事务链执行完毕之后统一回滚
if (status.hasTransaction()) {
if (status.isLocalRollbackOnly() || isGlobalRollbackOnParticipationFailure()) {
if (status.isDebug()) {
logger.debug("Participating transaction failed - marking existing transaction as rollback-only");
}
doSetRollbackOnly(status);
}
else {
if (status.isDebug()) {
logger.debug("Participating transaction failed - letting transaction originator decide on rollback");
}
}
}
else {
logger.debug("Should roll back transaction but cannot - no transaction available");
}
// Unexpected rollback only matters here if we're asked to fail early
if (!isFailEarlyOnGlobalRollbackOnly()) {
unexpectedRollback = false;
}
}
}
catch (RuntimeException | Error ex) {
triggerAfterCompletion(status, TransactionSynchronization.STATUS_UNKNOWN);
throw ex;
}
triggerAfterCompletion(status, TransactionSynchronization.STATUS_ROLLED_BACK);
// Raise UnexpectedRollbackException if we had a global rollback-only marker
if (unexpectedRollback) {
throw new UnexpectedRollbackException(
"Transaction rolled back because it has been marked as rollback-only");
}
}
finally {
// 清空记录的资源并将之前挂起的事务恢复
cleanupAfterCompletion(status);
}
}
上述逻辑主要步骤流程如下：
- 自定义触发器的调用，回滚前，回滚后，
- 如果设置了保存点，回退到保存点
// AbstractTransactionStatus.java
public void rollbackToHeldSavepoint() throws TransactionException {
Object savepoint = getSavepoint();
if (savepoint == null) {
throw new TransactionUsageException(
"Cannot roll back to savepoint - no savepoint associated with current transaction");
}
getSavepointManager().rollbackToSavepoint(savepoint);
getSavepointManager().releaseSavepoint(savepoint);
setSavepoint(null);
}
// JdbcTransactionObjectSupport.java
public void rollbackToSavepoint(Object savepoint) throws TransactionException {
ConnectionHolder conHolder = getConnectionHolderForSavepoint();
try {
conHolder.getConnection().rollback((Savepoint) savepoint);
conHolder.resetRollbackOnly();
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
throw new TransactionSystemException("Could not roll back to JDBC savepoint", ex);
}
}
这里以jdbc的方式进行说明。
- 如果是新建事务，直接进行回滚，这里以DataSourceTransactionManager进行说明
// DataSourceTransactionManager.java
protected void doRollback(DefaultTransactionStatus status) {
DataSourceTransactionObject txObject = (DataSourceTransactionObject) status.getTransaction();
Connection con = txObject.getConnectionHolder().getConnection();
if (status.isDebug()) {
logger.debug("Rolling back JDBC transaction on Connection [" + con + "]");
}
try {
con.rollback();
}
catch (SQLException ex) {
throw new TransactionSystemException("Could not roll back JDBC transaction", ex);
}
}
可以看到，这里就是获取底层的数据库连接，然后进行回滚。
- 回滚信息的清除，无论回滚是否成功，都需要进行事务结束后的收尾工作。
// AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.java
private void cleanupAfterCompletion(DefaultTransactionStatus status) {
// 设置事务状态为完成状态
status.setCompleted();
if (status.isNewSynchronization()) {
TransactionSynchronizationManager.clear();
}
if (status.isNewTransaction()) {
doCleanupAfterCompletion(status.getTransaction());
}
if (status.getSuspendedResources() != null) {
if (status.isDebug()) {
logger.debug("Resuming suspended transaction after completion of inner transaction");
}
Object transaction = (status.hasTransaction() ? status.getTransaction() : null);
resume(transaction, (SuspendedResourcesHolder) status.getSuspendedResources());
}
}
// DataSourceTransactionManager.java
protected void doCleanupAfterCompletion(Object transaction) {
DataSourceTransactionObject txObject = (DataSourceTransactionObject) transaction;
// Remove the connection holder from the thread, if exposed.
if (txObject.isNewConnectionHolder()) {
TransactionSynchronizationManager.unbindResource(obtainDataSource());
}
// Reset connection.
// 释放连接
Connection con = txObject.getConnectionHolder().getConnection();
try {
if (txObject.isMustRestoreAutoCommit()) {
// 回复连接的自动提交
con.setAutoCommit(true);
}
DataSourceUtils.resetConnectionAfterTransaction(con, txObject.getPreviousIsolationLevel());
}
catch (Throwable ex) {
logger.debug("Could not reset JDBC Connection after transaction", ex);
}
// 如果当前事务是新建的连接，释放数据库连接
if (txObject.isNewConnectionHolder()) {
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Releasing JDBC Connection [" + con + "] after transaction");
}
DataSourceUtils.releaseConnection(con, this.dataSource);
}
txObject.getConnectionHolder().clear();
}
- 如果事务执行之前有事务挂起，则当前事务结束后需要将挂起的事务恢复
// AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.java
protected final void resume(@Nullable Object transaction, @Nullable SuspendedResourcesHolder resourcesHolder)
throws TransactionException {
if (resourcesHolder != null) {
Object suspendedResources = resourcesHolder.suspendedResources;
if (suspendedResources != null) {
doResume(transaction, suspendedResources);
}
List<TransactionSynchronization> suspendedSynchronizations = resourcesHolder.suspendedSynchronizations;
if (suspendedSynchronizations != null) {
TransactionSynchronizationManager.setActualTransactionActive(resourcesHolder.wasActive);
TransactionSynchronizationManager.setCurrentTransactionIsolationLevel(resourcesHolder.isolationLevel);
TransactionSynchronizationManager.setCurrentTransactionReadOnly(resourcesHolder.readOnly);
TransactionSynchronizationManager.setCurrentTransactionName(resourcesHolder.name);
doResumeSynchronization(suspendedSynchronizations);
}
}
}
private void doResumeSynchronization(List<TransactionSynchronization> suspendedSynchronizations) {
TransactionSynchronizationManager.initSynchronization();
for (TransactionSynchronization synchronization : suspendedSynchronizations) {
synchronization.resume();
TransactionSynchronizationManager.registerSynchronization(synchronization);
}
}
恢复挂起的事务，主要就是将之前事务状态恢复复原。
4. 提交事务
如果事务执行过程中没有出现任何异常，方法执行成功，这样就会走正常的事务提交过程。在上面事务异常处理的时候，如果某个事务既没有保存点又不是新建的事务的时候，只是设置了一个回滚标识，这里事务提交的时候就会派上用场，其主要场景如下：某个事务是另一个事务的嵌入事务，但是这些事务又不在spring的事务管理范围内，或者无法设置保存点的时候，spring会通过设置回滚标识来禁止事务提交。当某个嵌入事务发生回滚的时候设置回滚标识，等到外部事务提交时，一旦判断当前事务设置了回滚标识，则由外部事务来统一进行整体事务的回滚。
// TransactionAspectSupport.java
protected void commitTransactionAfterReturning(@Nullable TransactionInfo txInfo) {
if (txInfo != null && txInfo.getTransactionStatus() != null) {
if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
logger.trace("Completing transaction for [" + txInfo.getJoinpointIdentification() + "]");
}
txInfo.getTransactionManager().commit(txInfo.getTransactionStatus());
}
}
// AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.java
public final void commit(TransactionStatus status) throws TransactionException {
if (status.isCompleted()) {
throw new IllegalTransactionStateException(
"Transaction is already completed - do not call commit or rollback more than once per transaction");
}
DefaultTransactionStatus defStatus = (DefaultTransactionStatus) status;
// 事务已经被标记回滚，不会提交事务，直接回滚
if (defStatus.isLocalRollbackOnly()) {
if (defStatus.isDebug()) {
logger.debug("Transactional code has requested rollback");
}
processRollback(defStatus, false);
return;
}
if (!shouldCommitOnGlobalRollbackOnly() && defStatus.isGlobalRollbackOnly()) {
if (defStatus.isDebug()) {
logger.debug("Global transaction is marked as rollback-only but transactional code requested commit");
}
processRollback(defStatus, true);
return;
}
processCommit(defStatus);
}
private void processCommit(DefaultTransactionStatus status) throws TransactionException {
try {
boolean beforeCompletionInvoked = false;
try {
boolean unexpectedRollback = false;
prepareForCommit(status);
triggerBeforeCommit(status);
triggerBeforeCompletion(status);
beforeCompletionInvoked = true;
if (status.hasSavepoint()) {
if (status.isDebug()) {
logger.debug("Releasing transaction savepoint");
}
unexpectedRollback = status.isGlobalRollbackOnly();
status.releaseHeldSavepoint();
}
else if (status.isNewTransaction()) {
if (status.isDebug()) {
logger.debug("Initiating transaction commit");
}
unexpectedRollback = status.isGlobalRollbackOnly();
doCommit(status);
}
else if (isFailEarlyOnGlobalRollbackOnly()) {
unexpectedRollback = status.isGlobalRollbackOnly();
}
// Throw UnexpectedRollbackException if we have a global rollback-only
// marker but still didn't get a corresponding exception from commit.
if (unexpectedRollback) {
throw new UnexpectedRollbackException(
"Transaction silently rolled back because it has been marked as rollback-only");
}
}
catch (UnexpectedRollbackException ex) {
// can only be caused by doCommit
triggerAfterCompletion(status, TransactionSynchronization.STATUS_ROLLED_BACK);
throw ex;
}
catch (TransactionException ex) {
// can only be caused by doCommit
if (isRollbackOnCommitFailure()) {
doRollbackOnCommitException(status, ex);
}
else {
triggerAfterCompletion(status, TransactionSynchronization.STATUS_UNKNOWN);
}
throw ex;
}
catch (RuntimeException | Error ex) {
if (!beforeCompletionInvoked) {
triggerBeforeCompletion(status);
}
// 提交过程中出现异常回滚
doRollbackOnCommitException(status, ex);
throw ex;
}
// Trigger afterCommit callbacks, with an exception thrown there
// propagated to callers but the transaction still considered as committed.
try {
triggerAfterCommit(status);
}
finally {
triggerAfterCompletion(status, TransactionSynchronization.STATUS_COMMITTED);
}
}
finally {
cleanupAfterCompletion(status);
}
}
// DataSourceTransactionManager.java
protected void doCommit(DefaultTransactionStatus status) {
DataSourceTransactionObject txObject = (DataSourceTransactionObject) status.getTransaction();
Connection con = txObject.getConnectionHolder().getConnection();
if (status.isDebug()) {
logger.debug("Committing JDBC transaction on Connection [" + con + "]");
}
try {
con.commit();
}
catch (SQLException ex) {
throw new TransactionSystemException("Could not commit JDBC transaction", ex);
}
}
在事务提交过程中并不是直接提交的，有如下判断：
- 当前事务存在保存点信息则不会提交事务
- 当事务不是新建事务也不会提交事务
这两个判断主要是为了嵌套事务处理，对于嵌套事务，spring中是在处理当前事务之前设置保存带你，一旦当前事务（嵌套事务）出现异常时便根据保存点的信息进行回滚，如果没有出现异常，当前事务（嵌套事务）也不会单独提交，而是根据事务流，由最外层事务负责提交，因此当前事务存在保存点信息就不是最外层事务或者说是新建事务，不做保存操作，对于是否是新建事务的判断也是基于此考虑。
如果经过上述一系列逻辑判断之后能够进行事务提交，spring则会调用底层数据库连接提交事务。
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