基于注解的方式配置bean

在 classpath 中扫描组件

组件扫描(component scanning):  Spring 能够从 classpath 下自动扫描, 侦测和实例化具有特定注解的组件. 

特定组件包括:

@Component: 基本注解, 标识了一个受 Spring 管理的组件

@Respository: 标识持久层组件

@Service: 标识服务层(业务层)组件

@Controller: 标识表现层组件

对于扫描到的组件, Spring 有默认的命名策略: 使用非限定类名, 第一个字母小写. 也可以在注解中通过 value 属性值标识组件的名称

需要导入aop的包

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
		http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-4.0.xsd">

	<!-- 开启注解扫描 -->
	<context:component-scan base-package="com.learn.spring" > 	

</beans>

package com.learn.spring.controller;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;

import com.learn.spring.service.UserService;

/**
 * 表现层的组件
 * 
 * @Controller的作用:
 * 	  等价于在xml配置文件中: <bean id="userController" class="com.learn.spring.controller.UserController"></bean>
 * @Controller注解默认的id值是类名首字母小写,如果想要自己指定，可以使用value属性来指定
 * @Controller(value="id") / @Controller("id")
 */
@Controller  
//@Component
public class UserController {
	

}

package com.learn.spring.service;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import com.learn.spring.dao.UserDao;

/**
 * 业务层的组件
 *
 */
@Service
public class UserService {	
	
}

package com.learn.spring.dao;

public interface UserDao {
	
}

package com.learn.spring.dao;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

@Repository
public class UserDaoJdbcImpl  implements UserDao{
	
}

package com.learn.spring.test;

import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;

import com.learn.spring.controller.UserController;
import com.learn.spring.dao.UserDao;
import com.learn.spring.service.UserService;

public class TestAnnotation {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		//.1实例化ioc容器
		ApplicationContext ctx = 
				new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("applicationContext.xml");
		//2.获取bean
		UserController  userController =(UserController) ctx.getBean("userController");
		System.out.println("userController:" + userController);
		
//		UserService userService = (UserService) ctx.getBean("userService");
//		System.out.println("userService: "+ userService);
//		
//		UserDao userDao = (UserDao)ctx.getBean("userDaoJdbcImpl");
//		System.out.println("userDao:" +userDao);
	}
}