Web IOC 容器初体验

我们还是从大家最熟悉的DispatcherServlet 开始，我们最先想到的还是DispatcherServlet 的init()方法。我们发现在DispatherServlet 中并没有找到init()方法。但是经过探索，往上追索在其父类HttpServletBean 中找到了我们想要的init()方法，如下：

/**
 * Map config parameters onto bean properties of this servlet, and
 * invoke subclass initialization.
 * @throws ServletException if bean properties are invalid (or required
 * properties are missing), or if subclass initialization fails.
 */
@Override
public final void init() throws ServletException {
	if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
		logger.debug("Initializing servlet '" + getServletName() + "'");
	}

	// Set bean properties from init parameters.
	PropertyValues pvs = new ServletConfigPropertyValues(getServletConfig(), this.requiredProperties);
	if (!pvs.isEmpty()) {
		try {
			//定位资源
			BeanWrapper bw = PropertyAccessorFactory.forBeanPropertyAccess(this);
			//加载配置信息
			ResourceLoader resourceLoader = new ServletContextResourceLoader(getServletContext());
			bw.registerCustomEditor(Resource.class, new ResourceEditor(resourceLoader, getEnvironment()));
			initBeanWrapper(bw);
			bw.setPropertyValues(pvs, true);
		}
		catch (BeansException ex) {
			if (logger.isErrorEnabled()) {
				logger.error("Failed to set bean properties on servlet '" + getServletName() + "'", ex);
			}
			throw ex;
		}
	}

	// Let subclasses do whatever initialization they like.
	initServletBean();

	if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
		logger.debug("Servlet '" + getServletName() + "' configured successfully");
	}
}

在init()方法中，真正完成初始化容器动作的逻辑其实在initServletBean()方法中，我们继续跟进initServletBean()中的代码在FrameworkServlet 类中：

/**
 * Overridden method of {@link HttpServletBean}, invoked after any bean properties
 * have been set. Creates this servlet's WebApplicationContext.
 */
@Override
protected final void initServletBean() throws ServletException {
	getServletContext().log("Initializing Spring FrameworkServlet '" + getServletName() + "'");
	if (this.logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
		this.logger.info("FrameworkServlet '" + getServletName() + "': initialization started");
	}
	long startTime = System.currentTimeMillis();

	try {

		this.webApplicationContext = initWebApplicationContext();
		initFrameworkServlet();
	}
	catch (ServletException ex) {
		this.logger.error("Context initialization failed", ex);
		throw ex;
	}
	catch (RuntimeException ex) {
		this.logger.error("Context initialization failed", ex);
		throw ex;
	}

	if (this.logger.isInfoEnabled()) {
		long elapsedTime = System.currentTimeMillis() - startTime;
		this.logger.info("FrameworkServlet '" + getServletName() + "': initialization completed in " +
				elapsedTime + " ms");
	}
}

在上面的代码中终于看到了我们似曾相识的代码initWebAppplicationContext()，继续跟进：

/**
 * Initialize and publish the WebApplicationContext for this servlet.
 * <p>Delegates to {@link #createWebApplicationContext} for actual creation
 * of the context. Can be overridden in subclasses.
 * @return the WebApplicationContext instance
 * @see #FrameworkServlet(WebApplicationContext)
 * @see #setContextClass
 * @see #setContextConfigLocation
 */
protected WebApplicationContext initWebApplicationContext() {

	//先从ServletContext中获得父容器WebAppliationContext
	WebApplicationContext rootContext =
			WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(getServletContext());
	//声明子容器
	WebApplicationContext wac = null;

	//建立父、子容器之间的关联关系
	if (this.webApplicationContext != null) {
		// A context instance was injected at construction time -> use it
		wac = this.webApplicationContext;
		if (wac instanceof ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) {
			ConfigurableWebApplicationContext cwac = (ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) wac;
			if (!cwac.isActive()) {
				// The context has not yet been refreshed -> provide services such as
				// setting the parent context, setting the application context id, etc
				if (cwac.getParent() == null) {
					// The context instance was injected without an explicit parent -> set
					// the root application context (if any; may be null) as the parent
					cwac.setParent(rootContext);
				}
				//这个方法里面调用了AbatractApplication的refresh()方法
				//模板方法，规定IOC初始化基本流程
				configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(cwac);
			}
		}
	}
	//先去ServletContext中查找Web容器的引用是否存在，并创建好默认的空IOC容器
	if (wac == null) {
		// No context instance was injected at construction time -> see if one
		// has been registered in the servlet context. If one exists, it is assumed
		// that the parent context (if any) has already been set and that the
		// user has performed any initialization such as setting the context id
		wac = findWebApplicationContext();
	}
	//给上一步创建好的IOC容器赋值
	if (wac == null) {
		// No context instance is defined for this servlet -> create a local one
		wac = createWebApplicationContext(rootContext);
	}

	//触发onRefresh方法
	if (!this.refreshEventReceived) {
		// Either the context is not a ConfigurableApplicationContext with refresh
		// support or the context injected at construction time had already been
		// refreshed -> trigger initial onRefresh manually here.
		onRefresh(wac);
	}

	if (this.publishContext) {
		// Publish the context as a servlet context attribute.
		String attrName = getServletContextAttributeName();
		getServletContext().setAttribute(attrName, wac);
		if (this.logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
			this.logger.debug("Published WebApplicationContext of servlet '" + getServletName() +
					"' as ServletContext attribute with name [" + attrName + "]");
		}
	}

	return wac;
}

/**
 * Retrieve a {@code WebApplicationContext} from the {@code ServletContext}
 * attribute with the {@link #setContextAttribute configured name}. The
 * {@code WebApplicationContext} must have already been loaded and stored in the
 * {@code ServletContext} before this servlet gets initialized (or invoked).
 * <p>Subclasses may override this method to provide a different
 * {@code WebApplicationContext} retrieval strategy.
 * @return the WebApplicationContext for this servlet, or {@code null} if not found
 * @see #getContextAttribute()
 */
@Nullable
protected WebApplicationContext findWebApplicationContext() {
	String attrName = getContextAttribute();
	if (attrName == null) {
		return null;
	}
	WebApplicationContext wac =
			WebApplicationContextUtils.getWebApplicationContext(getServletContext(), attrName);
	if (wac == null) {
		throw new IllegalStateException("No WebApplicationContext found: initializer not registered?");
	}
	return wac;
}

/**
 * Instantiate the WebApplicationContext for this servlet, either a default
 * {@link org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext}
 * or a {@link #setContextClass custom context class}, if set.
 * <p>This implementation expects custom contexts to implement the
 * {@link org.springframework.web.context.ConfigurableWebApplicationContext}
 * interface. Can be overridden in subclasses.
 * <p>Do not forget to register this servlet instance as application listener on the
 * created context (for triggering its {@link #onRefresh callback}, and to call
 * {@link org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext#refresh()}
 * before returning the context instance.
 * @param parent the parent ApplicationContext to use, or {@code null} if none
 * @return the WebApplicationContext for this servlet
 * @see org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext
 */
protected WebApplicationContext createWebApplicationContext(@Nullable ApplicationContext parent) {
	Class<?> contextClass = getContextClass();
	if (this.logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
		this.logger.debug("Servlet with name '" + getServletName() +
				"' will try to create custom WebApplicationContext context of class '" +
				contextClass.getName() + "'" + ", using parent context [" + parent + "]");
	}
	if (!ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.class.isAssignableFrom(contextClass)) {
		throw new ApplicationContextException(
				"Fatal initialization error in servlet with name '" + getServletName() +
				"': custom WebApplicationContext class [" + contextClass.getName() +
				"] is not of type ConfigurableWebApplicationContext");
	}
	ConfigurableWebApplicationContext wac =
			(ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) BeanUtils.instantiateClass(contextClass);

	wac.setEnvironment(getEnvironment());
	wac.setParent(parent);
	String configLocation = getContextConfigLocation();
	if (configLocation != null) {
		wac.setConfigLocation(configLocation);
	}
	configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(wac);

	return wac;
}

protected void configureAndRefreshWebApplicationContext(ConfigurableWebApplicationContext wac) {
	if (ObjectUtils.identityToString(wac).equals(wac.getId())) {
		// The application context id is still set to its original default value
		// -> assign a more useful id based on available information
		if (this.contextId != null) {
			wac.setId(this.contextId);
		}
		else {
			// Generate default id...
			wac.setId(ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ID_PREFIX +
					ObjectUtils.getDisplayString(getServletContext().getContextPath()) + '/' + getServletName());
		}
	}

	wac.setServletContext(getServletContext());
	wac.setServletConfig(getServletConfig());
	wac.setNamespace(getNamespace());
	wac.addApplicationListener(new SourceFilteringListener(wac, new ContextRefreshListener()));

	// The wac environment's #initPropertySources will be called in any case when the context
	// is refreshed; do it eagerly here to ensure servlet property sources are in place for
	// use in any post-processing or initialization that occurs below prior to #refresh
	ConfigurableEnvironment env = wac.getEnvironment();
	if (env instanceof ConfigurableWebEnvironment) {
		((ConfigurableWebEnvironment) env).initPropertySources(getServletContext(), getServletConfig());
	}

	postProcessWebApplicationContext(wac);
	applyInitializers(wac);
	wac.refresh();
}

从上面的代码中可以看出，在configAndRefreshWebApplicationContext()方法中，调用refresh()方法，这个是真正启动IOC 容器的入口，后面会详细介绍。IOC 容器初始化以后，最后调用了DispatcherServlet 的onRefresh()方法，在onRefresh()方法中又是直接调用initStrategies()方法初始化SpringMVC 的九大组件：

/**
 * This implementation calls {@link #initStrategies}.
 */
@Override
protected void onRefresh(ApplicationContext context) {
	initStrategies(context);
}

/**
 * Initialize the strategy objects that this servlet uses.
 * <p>May be overridden in subclasses in order to initialize further strategy objects.
 */
//初始化策略
protected void initStrategies(ApplicationContext context) {
	//多文件上传的组件
	initMultipartResolver(context);
	//初始化本地语言环境
	initLocaleResolver(context);
	//初始化模板处理器
	initThemeResolver(context);
	//handlerMapping
	initHandlerMappings(context);
	//初始化参数适配器
	initHandlerAdapters(context);
	//初始化异常拦截器
	initHandlerExceptionResolvers(context);
	//初始化视图预处理器
	initRequestToViewNameTranslator(context);
	//初始化视图转换器
	initViewResolvers(context);
	//
	initFlashMapManager(context);
}