Mybatis深入:数据源实现原理

解读Mybatis数据源实现

那么我们先来看看,不使用池化的数据源实现,它叫做UnpooledDataSource,我们来看看源码:

public class UnpooledDataSource implements DataSource {
    private ClassLoader driverClassLoader;
    private Properties driverProperties;
    private static Map<String, Driver> registeredDrivers = new ConcurrentHashMap();
    private String driver;
    private String url;
    private String username;
    private String password;
    private Boolean autoCommit;
    private Integer defaultTransactionIsolationLevel;
    private Integer defaultNetworkTimeout;

首先这个类中定义了很多的成员,包括数据库的连接信息、数据库驱动信息、事务相关信息等。

我们接着来看,它是如何实现DataSource中提供的接口的:

public Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
    return this.doGetConnection(this.username, this.password);
}

public Connection getConnection(String username, String password) throws SQLException {
    return this.doGetConnection(username, password);
}

实际上,这两个方法都指向了内部的一个doGetConnection方法,那么我们接着来看:

private Connection doGetConnection(String username, String password) throws SQLException {
    Properties props = new Properties();
    if (this.driverProperties != null) {
        props.putAll(this.driverProperties);
    }

    if (username != null) {
        props.setProperty("user", username);
    }

    if (password != null) {
        props.setProperty("password", password);
    }

    return this.doGetConnection(props);
}

首先它将数据库的连接信息也给添加到Properties对象中进行存放,并交给下一个doGetConnection来处理,套娃就完事了呗,接着来看下一层源码:

private Connection doGetConnection(Properties properties) throws SQLException {
  	//若未初始化驱动,需要先初始化,内部维护了一个Map来记录初始化信息,这里不多介绍了
    this.initializeDriver();
  	//传统的获取连接的方式
    Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection(this.url, properties);
  	//对连接进行额外的一些配置
    this.configureConnection(connection);
    return connection;
}

到这里,就返回Connection对象了,而此对象正是通过DriverManager来创建的,因此,非池化的数据源实现依然使用的是传统的连接创建方式,那我们接着来看池化的数据源实现,它是PooledDataSource类:

public class PooledDataSource implements DataSource {
    private static final Log log = LogFactory.getLog(PooledDataSource.class);
    private final PoolState state = new PoolState(this);
    private final UnpooledDataSource dataSource;
    protected int poolMaximumActiveConnections = 10;
    protected int poolMaximumIdleConnections = 5;
    protected int poolMaximumCheckoutTime = 20000;
    protected int poolTimeToWait = 20000;
    protected int poolMaximumLocalBadConnectionTolerance = 3;
    protected String poolPingQuery = "NO PING QUERY SET";
    protected boolean poolPingEnabled;
    protected int poolPingConnectionsNotUsedFor;
    private int expectedConnectionTypeCode;

我们发现,在这里的定义就比非池化的实现复杂得多了,因为它还要考虑并发的问题,并且还要考虑如何合理地存放大量的链接对象,该如何进行合理分配,因此它的玩法非常之高级,但是,再高级的玩法,我们都要拿下。

首先注意,它存放了一个UnpooledDataSource,此对象是在构造时就被创建,其实创建Connection还是依靠数据库驱动创建,我们后面慢慢解析,首先我们来看看它是如何实现接口方法的:

public Connection getConnection() throws SQLException {
    return this.popConnection(this.dataSource.getUsername(), this.dataSource.getPassword()).getProxyConnection();
}

public Connection getConnection(String username, String password) throws SQLException {
    return this.popConnection(username, password).getProxyConnection();
}

可以看到,它调用了popConnection()方法来获取连接对象,然后进行了一个代理,我们可以猜测,有可能整个连接池就是一个类似于栈的集合类型结构实现的。那么我们接着来看看popConnection方法:

private PooledConnection popConnection(String username, String password) throws SQLException {
    boolean countedWait = false;
  	//返回的是PooledConnection对象,
    PooledConnection conn = null;
    long t = System.currentTimeMillis();
    int localBadConnectionCount = 0;

    while(conn == null) {
        synchronized(this.state) {   //加锁,因为有可能很多个线程都需要获取连接对象
            PoolState var10000;
          	//PoolState存了两个List,一个是空闲列表,一个是活跃列表
            if (!this.state.idleConnections.isEmpty()) {   //有空闲连接时,可以直接分配Connection
                conn = (PooledConnection)this.state.idleConnections.remove(0);  //ArrayList中取第一个元素
                if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                    log.debug("Checked out connection " + conn.getRealHashCode() + " from pool.");
                }
              //如果已经没有多余的连接可以分配,那么就检查一下活跃连接数是否达到最大的分配上限,如果没有,就new一个
            } else if (this.state.activeConnections.size() < this.poolMaximumActiveConnections) {
              	//注意new了之后并没有立即往List里面塞,只是存了一些基本信息
              	//我们发现,这里依靠UnpooledDataSource创建了一个Connection对象,并将其封装到PooledConnection中
                conn = new PooledConnection(this.dataSource.getConnection(), this);
                if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                    log.debug("Created connection " + conn.getRealHashCode() + ".");
                }
              //以上条件都不满足,那么只能从之前的连接中寻找了,看看有没有那种卡住的链接(由于网络问题有可能之前的连接一直被卡住,然而正常情况下早就结束并且可以使用了,所以这里相当于是优化也算是一种捡漏的方式)
            } else {
              	//获取最早创建的连接
                PooledConnection oldestActiveConnection = (PooledConnection)this.state.activeConnections.get(0);
                long longestCheckoutTime = oldestActiveConnection.getCheckoutTime();
              	//判断是否超过最大的使用时间
                if (longestCheckoutTime > (long)this.poolMaximumCheckoutTime) {
                  	//超时统计信息(不重要)
                    ++this.state.claimedOverdueConnectionCount;
                    var10000 = this.state;
                    var10000.accumulatedCheckoutTimeOfOverdueConnections += longestCheckoutTime;
                    var10000 = this.state;
                    var10000.accumulatedCheckoutTime += longestCheckoutTime;
                  	//从活跃列表中移除此链接信息
                    this.state.activeConnections.remove(oldestActiveConnection);
                  	//如果开启事务,还需要回滚一下
                    if (!oldestActiveConnection.getRealConnection().getAutoCommit()) {
                        try {
                            oldestActiveConnection.getRealConnection().rollback();
                        } catch (SQLException var15) {
                            log.debug("Bad connection. Could not roll back");
                        }
                    }
										
                  	//这里就根据之前的连接对象直接new一个新的连接(注意使用的还是之前的Connection对象,只是被重新封装了)
                    conn = new PooledConnection(oldestActiveConnection.getRealConnection(), this);
                    conn.setCreatedTimestamp(oldestActiveConnection.getCreatedTimestamp());
                    conn.setLastUsedTimestamp(oldestActiveConnection.getLastUsedTimestamp());
                  	//过期
                    oldestActiveConnection.invalidate();
                    if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                        log.debug("Claimed overdue connection " + conn.getRealHashCode() + ".");
                    }
                } else {
                  //确实是没得用了,只能卡住了(阻塞)
                  //然后记录一下有几个线程在等待当前的任务搞完
                    try {
                        if (!countedWait) {
                            ++this.state.hadToWaitCount;
                            countedWait = true;
                        }

                        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                            log.debug("Waiting as long as " + this.poolTimeToWait + " milliseconds for connection.");
                        }

                        long wt = System.currentTimeMillis();
                        this.state.wait((long)this.poolTimeToWait);   //要是超过等待时间还是没等到,只能放弃
                      	//注意这样的话con就为null了
                        var10000 = this.state;
                        var10000.accumulatedWaitTime += System.currentTimeMillis() - wt;
                    } catch (InterruptedException var16) {
                        break;
                    }
                }
            }
						
          	//经过之前的操作,已经成功分配到连接对象的情况下
            if (conn != null) {
                if (conn.isValid()) {  //是否有效
                    if (!conn.getRealConnection().getAutoCommit()) {  //清理之前遗留的事务操作
                        conn.getRealConnection().rollback();
                    }

                    conn.setConnectionTypeCode(this.assembleConnectionTypeCode(this.dataSource.getUrl(), username, password));
                    conn.setCheckoutTimestamp(System.currentTimeMillis());
                    conn.setLastUsedTimestamp(System.currentTimeMillis());
                  	//添加到活跃表中
                    this.state.activeConnections.add(conn);
                    //统计信息(不重要)
                    ++this.state.requestCount;
                    var10000 = this.state;
                    var10000.accumulatedRequestTime += System.currentTimeMillis() - t;
                } else {
                  	//无效的连接,直接抛异常
                    if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                        log.debug("A bad connection (" + conn.getRealHashCode() + ") was returned from the pool, getting another connection.");
                    }

                    ++this.state.badConnectionCount;
                    ++localBadConnectionCount;
                    conn = null;
                    if (localBadConnectionCount > this.poolMaximumIdleConnections + this.poolMaximumLocalBadConnectionTolerance) {
                        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                            log.debug("PooledDataSource: Could not get a good connection to the database.");
                        }

                        throw new SQLException("PooledDataSource: Could not get a good connection to the database.");
                    }
                }
            }
        }
    }
	
  	//最后该干嘛干嘛,拿不到连接直接抛异常
    if (conn == null) {
        if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
            log.debug("PooledDataSource: Unknown severe error condition.  The connection pool returned a null connection.");
        }

        throw new SQLException("PooledDataSource: Unknown severe error condition.  The connection pool returned a null connection.");
    } else {
        return conn;
    }
}

经过上面一顿猛如虎的操作之后,我们可以得到以下信息:

如果最后得到了连接对象(有可能是从空闲列表中得到,有可能是直接创建的新的,还有可能是经过回收策略回收得到的),那么连接(Connection)对象一定会被放在活跃列表中(state.activeConnections)

那么肯定有一个疑问,现在我们已经知道获取一个链接会直接进入到活跃列表中,那么,如果一个连接被关闭,又会发生什么事情呢,我们来看看此方法返回之后,会调用getProxyConnection来获取一个代理对象,实际上就是PooledConnection类:

class PooledConnection implements InvocationHandler {
  private static final String CLOSE = "close";
    private static final Class<?>[] IFACES = new Class[]{Connection.class};
    private final int hashCode;
  	//会记录是来自哪一个数据源创建的的
    private final PooledDataSource dataSource;
  	//连接对象本体
    private final Connection realConnection;
  	//代理的链接对象
    private final Connection proxyConnection;
  ...

它直接代理了构造方法中传入的Connection对象,也是使用JDK的动态代理实现的,那么我们来看一下,它是如何进行代理的:

public Object invoke(Object proxy, Method method, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
    String methodName = method.getName();
  	//如果调用的是Connection对象的close方法,
    if ("close".equals(methodName)) {
      	//这里并不会真的关闭连接(这也是为什么用代理),而是调用之前数据源的pushConnection方法,将此连接改为为空闲状态
        this.dataSource.pushConnection(this);
        return null;
    } else {
        try {
            if (!Object.class.equals(method.getDeclaringClass())) {
                this.checkConnection();
              	//任何操作执行之前都会检查连接是否可用
            }

          	//该干嘛干嘛
            return method.invoke(this.realConnection, args);
        } catch (Throwable var6) {
            throw ExceptionUtil.unwrapThrowable(var6);
        }
    }
}

那么我们最后再来看看pushConnection方法:

protected void pushConnection(PooledConnection conn) throws SQLException {
    synchronized(this.state) {   //老规矩,先来把锁
      	//先从活跃列表移除此连接
        this.state.activeConnections.remove(conn);
      	//判断此链接是否可用
        if (conn.isValid()) {
            PoolState var10000;
          	//看看闲置列表容量是否已满(容量满了就回不去了)
            if (this.state.idleConnections.size() < this.poolMaximumIdleConnections && conn.getConnectionTypeCode() == this.expectedConnectionTypeCode) {
                var10000 = this.state;
                var10000.accumulatedCheckoutTime += conn.getCheckoutTime();
                if (!conn.getRealConnection().getAutoCommit()) {
                    conn.getRealConnection().rollback();
                }

              	//把唯一有用的Connection对象拿出来,然后重新创建一个PooledConnection
                PooledConnection newConn = new PooledConnection(conn.getRealConnection(), this);
              	//放入闲置列表,成功回收
                this.state.idleConnections.add(newConn);
                newConn.setCreatedTimestamp(conn.getCreatedTimestamp());
                newConn.setLastUsedTimestamp(conn.getLastUsedTimestamp());
                conn.invalidate();
                if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                    log.debug("Returned connection " + newConn.getRealHashCode() + " to pool.");
                }

                this.state.notifyAll();
            } else {
                var10000 = this.state;
                var10000.accumulatedCheckoutTime += conn.getCheckoutTime();
                if (!conn.getRealConnection().getAutoCommit()) {
                    conn.getRealConnection().rollback();
                }

                conn.getRealConnection().close();
                if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                    log.debug("Closed connection " + conn.getRealHashCode() + ".");
                }

                conn.invalidate();
            }
        } else {
            if (log.isDebugEnabled()) {
                log.debug("A bad connection (" + conn.getRealHashCode() + ") attempted to return to the pool, discarding connection.");
            }

            ++this.state.badConnectionCount;
        }

    }
}

这样,我们就已经完全了解了Mybatis的池化数据源的执行流程了。只不过,无论Connection管理方式如何变换,无论数据源再高级,我们要知道,它都最终都会使用DriverManager来创建连接对象,而最终使用的也是DriverManager提供的Connection对象。

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