SpringSecurity原理:探究SpringSecurity运作流程

SpringSecurity原理

注意:本小节内容作为选学内容,但是难度比前两章的源码部分简单得多。

最后我们再来聊一下SpringSecurity的实现原理,它本质上是依靠N个Filter实现的,也就是一个完整的过滤链(注意这里是过滤器,不是拦截器)

我们就从AbstractSecurityWebApplicationInitializer开始下手,我们来看看它配置了什么:

//此方法会在启动时被调用
public final void onStartup(ServletContext servletContext) {
    this.beforeSpringSecurityFilterChain(servletContext);
    if (this.configurationClasses != null) {
        AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext rootAppContext = new AnnotationConfigWebApplicationContext();
        rootAppContext.register(this.configurationClasses);
        servletContext.addListener(new ContextLoaderListener(rootAppContext));
    }

    if (this.enableHttpSessionEventPublisher()) {
        servletContext.addListener("org.springframework.security.web.session.HttpSessionEventPublisher");
    }

    servletContext.setSessionTrackingModes(this.getSessionTrackingModes());
  	//重点在这里,这里插入了关键的FilterChain
    this.insertSpringSecurityFilterChain(servletContext);
    this.afterSpringSecurityFilterChain(servletContext);
}
private void insertSpringSecurityFilterChain(ServletContext servletContext) {
    String filterName = "springSecurityFilterChain";
  	//创建了一个DelegatingFilterProxy对象,它本质上也是一个Filter
    DelegatingFilterProxy springSecurityFilterChain = new DelegatingFilterProxy(filterName);
    String contextAttribute = this.getWebApplicationContextAttribute();
    if (contextAttribute != null) {
        springSecurityFilterChain.setContextAttribute(contextAttribute);
    }
		//通过ServletContext注册DelegatingFilterProxy这个Filter
    this.registerFilter(servletContext, true, filterName, springSecurityFilterChain);
}

我们接着来看看,DelegatingFilterProxy在做什么:

 

//这个是初始化方法,它由GenericFilterBean(父类)定义,在afterPropertiesSet方法中被调用
protected void initFilterBean() throws ServletException {
    synchronized(this.delegateMonitor) {
        if (this.delegate == null) {
            if (this.targetBeanName == null) {
                this.targetBeanName = this.getFilterName();
            }

            WebApplicationContext wac = this.findWebApplicationContext();
            if (wac != null) {
              	//耐心点,套娃很正常
                this.delegate = this.initDelegate(wac);
            }
        }

    }
}
protected Filter initDelegate(WebApplicationContext wac) throws ServletException {
    String targetBeanName = this.getTargetBeanName();
    Assert.state(targetBeanName != null, "No target bean name set");
  	//这里通过WebApplicationContext获取了一个Bean
    Filter delegate = (Filter)wac.getBean(targetBeanName, Filter.class);
    if (this.isTargetFilterLifecycle()) {
        delegate.init(this.getFilterConfig());
    }

  	//返回Filter
    return delegate;
}

这里我们需要添加一个断点来查看到底获取到了什么Bean。

通过断点调试,我们发现这里放回的对象是一个FilterChainProxy类型的,并且调用了它的初始化方法,但是FilterChainProxy类中并没有重写init方法或是initFilterBean方法。

我们倒回去看,当Filter返回之后,DelegatingFilterProxy的一个成员变量delegate被赋值为得到的Filter,也就是FilterChainProxy对象,接着我们来看看,DelegatingFilterProxy是如何执行doFilter方法的。

public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain filterChain) throws ServletException, IOException {
    Filter delegateToUse = this.delegate;
    if (delegateToUse == null) {
        //非正常情况,这里省略...
    }
		//这里才是真正的调用,别忘了delegateToUse就是初始化的FilterChainProxy对象
    this.invokeDelegate(delegateToUse, request, response, filterChain);
}
protected void invokeDelegate(Filter delegate, ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain filterChain) throws ServletException, IOException {
  //最后实际上调用的是FilterChainProxy的doFilter方法
    delegate.doFilter(request, response, filterChain);
}

所以我们接着来看,FilterChainProxy的doFilter方法又在干什么:

public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
    boolean clearContext = request.getAttribute(FILTER_APPLIED) == null;
    if (!clearContext) {
      	//真正的过滤在这里执行
        this.doFilterInternal(request, response, chain);
    } else {
        //...
    }
}
private void doFilterInternal(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
    FirewalledRequest firewallRequest = this.firewall.getFirewalledRequest((HttpServletRequest)request);
    HttpServletResponse firewallResponse = this.firewall.getFirewalledResponse((HttpServletResponse)response);
  	//这里获取了一个Filter列表,实际上SpringSecurity就是由N个过滤器实现的,这里获取的都是SpringSecurity提供的过滤器
  	//但是请注意,经过我们之前的分析,实际上真正注册的Filter只有DelegatingFilterProxy
  	//而这里的Filter列表中的所有Filter并没有被注册,而是在这里进行内部调用
    List<Filter> filters = this.getFilters((HttpServletRequest)firewallRequest);
  	//只要Filter列表不是空,就依次执行内置的Filter
    if (filters != null && filters.size() != 0) {
        if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
            logger.debug(LogMessage.of(() -> {
                return "Securing " + requestLine(firewallRequest);
            }));
        }
				//这里创建一个虚拟的过滤链,过滤流程是由SpringSecurity自己实现的
        FilterChainProxy.VirtualFilterChain virtualFilterChain = new FilterChainProxy.VirtualFilterChain(firewallRequest, chain, filters);
      	//调用虚拟过滤链的doFilter
        virtualFilterChain.doFilter(firewallRequest, firewallResponse);
    } else {
        if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
            logger.trace(LogMessage.of(() -> {
                return "No security for " + requestLine(firewallRequest);
            }));
        }

        firewallRequest.reset();
        chain.doFilter(firewallRequest, firewallResponse);
    }
}

我们来看一下虚拟过滤链的doFilter是怎么处理的:

//看似没有任何循环,实际上就是一个循环,是一个递归调用
public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response) throws IOException, ServletException {
  	//判断是否已经通过全部的内置过滤器,定位是否等于当前大小
    if (this.currentPosition == this.size) {
        if (FilterChainProxy.logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
            FilterChainProxy.logger.debug(LogMessage.of(() -> {
                return "Secured " + FilterChainProxy.requestLine(this.firewalledRequest);
            }));
        }

        this.firewalledRequest.reset();
      	//所有的内置过滤器已经完成,按照正常流程走DelegatingFilterProxy的下一个Filter
      	//也就是说这里之后就与DelegatingFilterProxy没有任何关系了,该走其他过滤器就走其他地方配置的过滤器,SpringSecurity的过滤操作已经结束
        this.originalChain.doFilter(request, response);
    } else {
      	//定位自增
        ++this.currentPosition;
      	//获取当前定位的Filter
        Filter nextFilter = (Filter)this.additionalFilters.get(this.currentPosition - 1);
        if (FilterChainProxy.logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
            FilterChainProxy.logger.trace(LogMessage.format("Invoking %s (%d/%d)", nextFilter.getClass().getSimpleName(), this.currentPosition, this.size));
        }
				//执行内部过滤器的doFilter方法,传入当前对象本身作为Filter,执行如果成功,那么一定会再次调用当前对象的doFilter方法
      	//可能最不理解的就是这里,执行的难道不是内部其他Filter的doFilter方法吗,怎么会让当前对象的doFilter方法递归调用呢?
      	//没关系,了解了其中一个内部过滤器就明白了
        nextFilter.doFilter(request, response, this);
    }
}

因此,我们差不多已经了解了整个SpringSecurity的实现机制了,那么我们来看几个内部的过滤器分别在做什么。

比如用于处理登陆的过滤器UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter,它继承自AbstractAuthenticationProcessingFilter,我们来看看它是怎么进行过滤的:

public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
    this.doFilter((HttpServletRequest)request, (HttpServletResponse)response, chain);
}

private void doFilter(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
  	//如果不是登陆请求,那么根本不会理这个请求
    if (!this.requiresAuthentication(request, response)) {
      	//直接调用传入的FilterChain的doFilter方法
      	//而这里传入的正好是VirtualFilterChain对象
      	//这下知道为什么上面说是递归了吧
        chain.doFilter(request, response);
    } else {
      	//如果是登陆请求,那么会执行登陆请求的相关逻辑,注意执行过程中出现任何问题都会抛出异常
      	//比如用户名和密码错误,我们之前也已经测试过了,会得到一个BadCredentialsException
        try {
          	//进行认证
            Authentication authenticationResult = this.attemptAuthentication(request, response);
            if (authenticationResult == null) {
                return;
            }

            this.sessionStrategy.onAuthentication(authenticationResult, request, response);
            if (this.continueChainBeforeSuccessfulAuthentication) {
                chain.doFilter(request, response);
            }

          	//如果一路绿灯,没有报错,那么验证成功,执行successfulAuthentication
            this.successfulAuthentication(request, response, chain, authenticationResult);
        } catch (InternalAuthenticationServiceException var5) {
            this.logger.error("An internal error occurred while trying to authenticate the user.", var5);
          	//验证失败,会执行unsuccessfulAuthentication
            this.unsuccessfulAuthentication(request, response, var5);
        } catch (AuthenticationException var6) {
            this.unsuccessfulAuthentication(request, response, var6);
        }

    }
}

那么我们来看看successfulAuthentication和unsuccessfulAuthentication分别做了什么:

protected void successfulAuthentication(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, FilterChain chain, Authentication authResult) throws IOException, ServletException {
  	//向SecurityContextHolder添加认证信息,我们可以通过SecurityContextHolder对象获取当前登陆的用户
    SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authResult);
    if (this.logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
        this.logger.debug(LogMessage.format("Set SecurityContextHolder to %s", authResult));
    }

  	//记住我实现
    this.rememberMeServices.loginSuccess(request, response, authResult);
    if (this.eventPublisher != null) {
        this.eventPublisher.publishEvent(new InteractiveAuthenticationSuccessEvent(authResult, this.getClass()));
    }
		
  	//调用默认的或是我们自己定义的AuthenticationSuccessHandler的onAuthenticationSuccess方法
  	//这个根据我们配置文件决定
  	//到这里其实页面就已经直接跳转了
    this.successHandler.onAuthenticationSuccess(request, response, authResult);
}

protected void unsuccessfulAuthentication(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, AuthenticationException failed) throws IOException, ServletException {
  	//登陆失败会直接清理掉SecurityContextHolder中的认证信息
    SecurityContextHolder.clearContext();
    this.logger.trace("Failed to process authentication request", failed);
    this.logger.trace("Cleared SecurityContextHolder");
    this.logger.trace("Handling authentication failure");
  	//登陆失败的记住我处理
    this.rememberMeServices.loginFail(request, response);
  	//同上,调用默认或是我们自己定义的AuthenticationFailureHandler
    this.failureHandler.onAuthenticationFailure(request, response, failed);
}

了解了整个用户验证实现流程,其实其它的过滤器是如何实现的也就很容易联想到了,SpringSecurity的过滤器从某种意义上来说,更像是一个处理业务的Servlet,它做的事情不像是拦截,更像是完成自己对应的职责,只不过是使用了过滤器机制进行实现罢了。

SecurityContextPersistenceFilter也是内置的Filter,可以尝试阅读一下其源码,了解整个SecurityContextHolder的运作原理,这里先说一下大致流程,各位可以依照整个流程按照源码进行推导:

当过滤器链执行到SecurityContextPersistenceFilter时,它会从HttpSession中把SecurityContext对象取出来(是存在Session中的,跟随会话的消失而消失),然后放入SecurityContextHolder对象中。请求结束后,再把SecurityContext存入HttpSession中,并清除SecurityContextHolder内的SecurityContext对象。

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