Docker常用命令

帮助命令

docker version   		# 显示docker的版本信息
docker info      		# 显示docker的系统信息,包括镜像和容器的数量
docker [命令] --help	# 万能帮助命令

帮助文档的地址:帮助文档

镜像命令

docker images 查看所有本地主机上的镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY    TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
hello-world   latest    feb5d9fea6a5   7 months ago   13.3kB

# 解释
REPOSITORY		镜像的仓库源
TAG				镜像的标签
IMAGE ID		镜像的ID
CREATED			镜像的创建时间
SIZE			镜像的大小

# 可选项
[root@localhost ~]# docker images --help

Usage:  docker images [OPTIONS] [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]

List images

Options:
  -a, --all             # 列出所有镜像
      --digests         Show digests
  -f, --filter filter   Filter output based on conditions provided
      --format string   Pretty-print images using a Go template
      --no-trunc        Don't truncate output
  -q, --quiet           # 只显示镜像的ID
  

docker search 搜索镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker search mysql
NAME                           DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql                          MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   12524     [OK]       
mariadb                        MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou…   4817      [OK]       

# 可选项
--filter=STARS=5000
[root@localhost ~]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=5000
NAME      DESCRIPTION                                     STARS     OFFICIAL   AUTOMATED
mysql     MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation…   12524     [OK]

docker pull 下载镜像

# 下载镜像 docker pull 镜像名[:tag]
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest	# 如果不屑tag,默认就是latest 最新版本
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
72a69066d2fe: Pull complete 	# 分层下载,docker image的核心,联合文件系统
93619dbc5b36: Pull complete 
99da31dd6142: Pull complete 
626033c43d70: Pull complete 
37d5d7efb64e: Pull complete 
ac563158d721: Pull complete 
d2ba16033dad: Pull complete 
688ba7d5c01a: Pull complete 
00e060b6d11d: Pull complete 
1c04857f594f: Pull complete 
4d7cfa90e6ea: Pull complete 
e0431212d27d: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:e9027fe4d91c0153429607251656806cc784e914937271037f7738bd5b8e7709	# 签名信息
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest	# 真实地址
[root@localhost ~]#

# 下面两个命令是等价的
docker pull mysql
docker pull	docker.io/library/mysql:latest

# 指定版本下载
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
72a69066d2fe: Already exists 
93619dbc5b36: Already exists 
99da31dd6142: Already exists 
626033c43d70: Already exists 
37d5d7efb64e: Already exists 
ac563158d721: Already exists 
d2ba16033dad: Already exists 
0ceb82207cd7: Pull complete 
37f2405cae96: Pull complete 
e2482e017e53: Pull complete 
70deed891d42: Pull complete 
Digest: sha256:f2ad209efe9c67104167fc609cca6973c8422939491c9345270175a300419f94
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7
[root@localhost ~]# 

在这里插入图片描述

docker rmi 删除镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi -f 镜像ID						# 删除指定的镜像

[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi -f 镜像ID 镜像ID 镜像ID		# 删除多个容器

[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq)		# 删除全部的镜像

容器命令

说明:我们有了镜像才可以创建容器,liunx,下载一个centos镜像来测试学习

[root@localhost ~]# docker pull centos

docker run 新建容器并启动

docker run [可选参数] image

# 参数说明
--name="name"		# 容器名字。用来区分容器
-d 					# 后台方式运行.jar
-it					# 使用交互方式运行
-p 					# 指定容器的端口 -p 8080:8080
	-p ip:主机端口:容器端口
	-p 主机端口:容器端口(最常用)
	-p 容器端口
	容器端口
-P					# 随机指定端口

# 测试,启动并进入容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@680a8c1beffb /]# ls	# 查看容器内的centos,基础版本,很多命令都是不完善的
bin  etc   lib	  lost+found  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var
dev  home  lib64  media       opt  root  sbin  sys  usr

# 从容器中退回主机
[root@680a8c1beffb /]# exit
exit
[root@localhost /]# ls
bin  boot  dev  etc  home  lib  lib64  media  mnt  opt  proc  root  run  sbin  srv  sys  tmp  usr  var
[root@localhost /]#

docker ps 列出所有的运行的容器

# docker ps 命令
	# 可选参数
	不带		# 列出当前正在运行的容器
	-a		# 列出当前正在运行的容器+带出历史运行的容器
	-n=?	# 显示最近创建的容器
	-q		# 只显示容器的编号
[root@localhost /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND   CREATED   STATUS    PORTS     NAMES
[root@localhost /]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE          COMMAND       CREATED         STATUS                       PORTS     NAMES
680a8c1beffb   centos         "/bin/bash"   5 minutes ago   Exited (130) 2 minutes ago             adoring_dewdney
03ecd244ee04   feb5d9fea6a5   "/hello"      47 hours ago    Exited (0) 47 hours ago                tender_hawking
[root@localhost /]# 

exit 退出容器

exit			# 直接停止容器并退出
Ctrl + P + Q	# 不停止容器退出

[root@localhost /]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@53a11242da6c /]# [root@localhost /]# 

docker rm 删除容器

docker rm 容器ID						# 删除指定的容器,不能删除正在运行的容器,如果要强制删除,那就加 -f
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq)		# 删除所有的容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm		# 删除所有的容器

docker start

docker start 容器ID		# 启动容器
docker restart 容器ID	# 重启容器
docker stop 容器ID		# 停止当前正在运行的容器
docker kill 容器ID		# 强制停止当前容器

常用的其他命令

后台启动容器

# 命令 docker run -d 镜像名
[root@localhost /]# docker run -d centos

问题:docker ps,发现 centos 停止了

常见的坑:docker 容器使用后台运行,就必须要有一个前台进程,docker 发现没有应用,就会自动停止

容器启动后,发现自己没有提供服务,就会立刻停止,就是没有程序了

docker logs查看日志的命令

docker logs -f -t --tail 10 容器ID	#没有日志输出,那就写一个脚本吧
	# 参数说明
	-t 				# 显示行数
	-f				# 显示时间戳
	--tail number 	# 要显示的日志条数
# 自己编写一段shell脚本
[root@localhost /]# docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo helloword;sleep 1;done"
8578b1265dd1719cdfb86ffe248affc66ff3f171d5c174a166c2a5896510f106
[root@localhost /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
8578b1265dd1   centos    "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   5 seconds ago   Up 5 seconds             jolly_driscoll
[root@localhost /]# docker logs -tf --tail 10 8578b1265dd1
2022-05-07T15:44:15.495942072Z helloword
2022-05-07T15:44:16.497565710Z helloword
2022-05-07T15:44:17.500873639Z helloword
2022-05-07T15:44:18.505943544Z helloword
2022-05-07T15:44:19.509879072Z helloword
2022-05-07T15:44:20.514811359Z helloword
2022-05-07T15:44:21.519832944Z helloword
2022-05-07T15:44:22.524545268Z helloword
2022-05-07T15:44:23.526857018Z helloword
2022-05-07T15:44:24.531808952Z helloword
2022-05-07T15:44:25.535074550Z helloword
2022-05-07T15:44:26.536852261Z helloword
2022-05-07T15:44:27.540786135Z helloword
2022-05-07T15:44:28.542878129Z helloword
2022-05-07T15:44:29.546697416Z helloword
2022-05-07T15:44:30.551350071Z helloword
2022-05-07T15:44:31.554688080Z helloword
2022-05-07T15:44:32.557899719Z helloword
2022-05-07T15:44:33.561363592Z helloword
2022-05-07T15:44:34.564253599Z helloword
2022-05-07T15:44:35.569231061Z helloword
2022-05-07T15:44:36.570919440Z helloword
2022-05-07T15:44:37.587955206Z helloword
2022-05-07T15:44:38.596705908Z helloword
^C
[root@localhost /]# 

docker top 查看容器中进程信息

[root@localhost /]# docker top 8578b1265dd1
UID                 PID                 PPID                C                   STIME               TTY                 TIME                CMD
root                19601               19583               0                   23:43               ?                   00:00:00            /bin/sh -c while true;do echo helloword;sleep 1;done
root                19990               19601               0                   23:49               ?                   00:00:00            /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1

docker inspect查看镜像的元数据

# 命令
docker inspect 容器ID

# 测试
[root@localhost /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS     NAMES
8578b1265dd1   centos    "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   9 minutes ago   Up 9 minutes             jolly_driscoll
[root@localhost /]# docker inspect 8578b1265dd1
[
    {
        "Id": "8578b1265dd1719cdfb86ffe248affc66ff3f171d5c174a166c2a5896510f106",
        "Created": "2022-05-07T15:43:38.225865186Z",
        "Path": "/bin/sh",
        "Args": [
            "-c",
            "while true;do echo helloword;sleep 1;done"
        ],
        "State": {
            "Status": "running",
            "Running": true,
            "Paused": false,
            "Restarting": false,
            "OOMKilled": false,
            "Dead": false,
            "Pid": 19601,
            "ExitCode": 0,
            "Error": "",
            "StartedAt": "2022-05-07T15:43:38.380709226Z",
            "FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
        },
        "Image": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6",
        "ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/8578b1265dd1719cdfb86ffe248affc66ff3f171d5c174a166c2a5896510f106/resolv.conf",
        "HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/8578b1265dd1719cdfb86ffe248affc66ff3f171d5c174a166c2a5896510f106/hostname",
        "HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/8578b1265dd1719cdfb86ffe248affc66ff3f171d5c174a166c2a5896510f106/hosts",
        "LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/8578b1265dd1719cdfb86ffe248affc66ff3f171d5c174a166c2a5896510f106/8578b1265dd1719cdfb86ffe248affc66ff3f171d5c174a166c2a5896510f106-json.log",
        "Name": "/jolly_driscoll",
        "RestartCount": 0,
        "Driver": "overlay2",
        "Platform": "linux",
        "MountLabel": "",
        "ProcessLabel": "",
        "AppArmorProfile": "",
        "ExecIDs": null,
        "HostConfig": {
            "Binds": null,
            "ContainerIDFile": "",
            "LogConfig": {
                "Type": "json-file",
                "Config": {}
            },
            "NetworkMode": "default",
            "PortBindings": {},
            "RestartPolicy": {
                "Name": "no",
                "MaximumRetryCount": 0
            },
            "AutoRemove": false,
            "VolumeDriver": "",
            "VolumesFrom": null,
            "CapAdd": null,
            "CapDrop": null,
            "CgroupnsMode": "host",
            "Dns": [],
            "DnsOptions": [],
            "DnsSearch": [],
            "ExtraHosts": null,
            "GroupAdd": null,
            "IpcMode": "private",
            "Cgroup": "",
            "Links": null,
            "OomScoreAdj": 0,
            "PidMode": "",
            "Privileged": false,
            "PublishAllPorts": false,
            "ReadonlyRootfs": false,
            "SecurityOpt": null,
            "UTSMode": "",
            "UsernsMode": "",
            "ShmSize": 67108864,
            "Runtime": "runc",
            "ConsoleSize": [
                0,
                0
            ],
            "Isolation": "",
            "CpuShares": 0,
            "Memory": 0,
            "NanoCpus": 0,
            "CgroupParent": "",
            "BlkioWeight": 0,
            "BlkioWeightDevice": [],
            "BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
            "BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
            "CpuPeriod": 0,
            "CpuQuota": 0,
            "CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
            "CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
            "CpusetCpus": "",
            "CpusetMems": "",
            "Devices": [],
            "DeviceCgroupRules": null,
            "DeviceRequests": null,
            "KernelMemory": 0,
            "KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
            "MemoryReservation": 0,
            "MemorySwap": 0,
            "MemorySwappiness": null,
            "OomKillDisable": false,
            "PidsLimit": null,
            "Ulimits": null,
            "CpuCount": 0,
            "CpuPercent": 0,
            "IOMaximumIOps": 0,
            "IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
            "MaskedPaths": [
                "/proc/asound",
                "/proc/acpi",
                "/proc/kcore",
                "/proc/keys",
                "/proc/latency_stats",
                "/proc/timer_list",
                "/proc/timer_stats",
                "/proc/sched_debug",
                "/proc/scsi",
                "/sys/firmware"
            ],
            "ReadonlyPaths": [
                "/proc/bus",
                "/proc/fs",
                "/proc/irq",
                "/proc/sys",
                "/proc/sysrq-trigger"
            ]
        },
        "GraphDriver": {
            "Data": {
                "LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/af6fc26d9d8ca43ebfc85a915f81ede2b9946c6a43cc146e4cd86ff04afb582b-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/f8b560412759a03840d70d2b80a49aaee474dcc11cc464a61e342b4d28a1ddbd/diff",
                "MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/af6fc26d9d8ca43ebfc85a915f81ede2b9946c6a43cc146e4cd86ff04afb582b/merged",
                "UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/af6fc26d9d8ca43ebfc85a915f81ede2b9946c6a43cc146e4cd86ff04afb582b/diff",
                "WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/af6fc26d9d8ca43ebfc85a915f81ede2b9946c6a43cc146e4cd86ff04afb582b/work"
            },
            "Name": "overlay2"
        },
        "Mounts": [],
        "Config": {
            "Hostname": "8578b1265dd1",
            "Domainname": "",
            "User": "",
            "AttachStdin": false,
            "AttachStdout": false,
            "AttachStderr": false,
            "Tty": false,
            "OpenStdin": false,
            "StdinOnce": false,
            "Env": [
                "PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
            ],
            "Cmd": [
                "/bin/sh",
                "-c",
                "while true;do echo helloword;sleep 1;done"
            ],
            "Image": "centos",
            "Volumes": null,
            "WorkingDir": "",
            "Entrypoint": null,
            "OnBuild": null,
            "Labels": {
                "org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
                "org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
                "org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
                "org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
                "org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
            }
        },
        "NetworkSettings": {
            "Bridge": "",
            "SandboxID": "d62177bfb344a1e5b506eaa0935254bb1ad4db18556e570579248100a10a9033",
            "HairpinMode": false,
            "LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
            "LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "Ports": {},
            "SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/d62177bfb344",
            "SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
            "SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
            "EndpointID": "4842f5f24257903cbdad96039833959c9606ede0805912cf0cce7f0c183b3b94",
            "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
            "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
            "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
            "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
            "IPPrefixLen": 16,
            "IPv6Gateway": "",
            "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
            "Networks": {
                "bridge": {
                    "IPAMConfig": null,
                    "Links": null,
                    "Aliases": null,
                    "NetworkID": "81dd19e1eed47406ca3e4708a62a34156768b76947374bdb4b908309ab368657",
                    "EndpointID": "4842f5f24257903cbdad96039833959c9606ede0805912cf0cce7f0c183b3b94",
                    "Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
                    "IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
                    "IPPrefixLen": 16,
                    "IPv6Gateway": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6Address": "",
                    "GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
                    "MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
                    "DriverOpts": null
                }
            }
        }
    }
]
[root@localhost /]# 

docker exec 进入当前正在运行的容器

方式一

容器通常都是使用后台方式运行的,需要进入容器,修改一些配置,怎么办呢?

# 命令
docker exec -it 容器ID bashShell

# 测试
[root@localhost /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED          STATUS          PORTS     NAMES
8578b1265dd1   centos    "/bin/sh -c 'while t…"   14 minutes ago   Up 14 minutes             jolly_driscoll
[root@localhost /]# docker exec -it 8578b1265dd1 /bin/bash
[root@8578b1265dd1 /]# ls
bin  etc   lib	  lost+found  mnt  proc  run   srv  tmp  var
dev  home  lib64  media       opt  root  sbin  sys  usr
[root@8578b1265dd1 /]# ps -ef
UID         PID   PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root          1      0  0 15:43 ?        00:00:00 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo helloword;sleep 1;done
root        873      0  0 15:58 pts/0    00:00:00 /bin/bash
root        897      1  0 15:58 ?        00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bi
root        898    873  0 15:58 pts/0    00:00:00 ps -ef
[root@8578b1265dd1 /]# 

方式二

# 命令
docker attach 容器ID

# 测试
[root@localhost /]# docker attach 8578b1265dd1

# docker exec 	# 进入容器后开启一个新的终端,可以在里面操作(常用)
# docker attrch # 进入容器正在执行的终端,不会启动新的进程

docker cp 从容器内拷贝文件到主机上

docker cp 容器ID:容器内路径 目的的主机路径

# 查看当前主机目录下
[root@localhost home]# ls
[root@localhost home]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED              STATUS              PORTS     NAMES
91e922077534   centos    "/bin/bash"   About a minute ago   Up About a minute             silly_elion

# 进入docker容器内部
[root@localhost home]# docker attach 91e922077534
[root@91e922077534 home]# cd home
bash: cd: home: No such file or directory
[root@91e922077534 home]# ls

# 在容器内部新建一个文件
[root@91e922077534 home]# touch test.java
[root@91e922077534 home]# ls
test.java
[root@91e922077534 home]# exit
exit
[root@localhost home]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND       CREATED          STATUS                      PORTS     NAMES
91e922077534   centos    "/bin/bash"   3 minutes ago    Exited (0) 15 seconds ago             silly_elion

# 将这文件拷贝出来到主机上
[root@localhost home]# docker cp 91e922077534:/home/test.java /home
[root@localhost home]# ls
test.java
[root@localhost home]# 

# 拷贝是一个手动过程,未来我们使用 -v 卷的技术,可以实现自动同步

小结

在这里插入图片描述

命令英文中文
attachAttach to a running container当前 Shell 下 attach 链接指定运行镜像
buildBuild an image from a Dockerfile通过Dockerfile定制镜像
commitCreate a new image from a contrainer changes提交当前容器为新的镜像
cpCopy files/folders from the containers filesystem to the host path从容器中拷贝指定文件或者目录到宿主机中
createcreates a new container创建一个新的容器,同run,但不启动容器
diffInspect changes to files or directories on a container’s filesystem查看docker容器变化
eventsGet real time events from the server从docker服务获取容器实时事件
execRun a command in a running container从已存在的容器上运行命令
exportExport a container’s filesystem as a tar archive导出容器的内容流作为一个tar归档文件[对应import]
importImport the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image从tar包中的内容创建一个新的文件系统镜像[对应export]
historyShow the history of an image展示一个镜像形成历史
imagesList images列出系统当前镜像的集合
infoDisplay system-wide information显示系统相关信息
inspectReturn low-level information on Docker objects查看容器详细信息
killKill one or more running containers杀死指定的docker容器
loadLoad an image from a tar archive or STDIN从一个tar包中加载一个镜像[对应 save]
loginLog in to a Docker registry注册或者登录一个docker源服务器
logoutLog out from a Docker registry从当前docker registry退出
logsFetch the logs of a container输出当前容器日志信息
portList port mappings or a specific mapping for the container查看映射端口对应的容器内部源端口
pausePause all processes within one or more containers暂停容器
psList containers列出容器列表
pullPull an image or a repository from a registry从docker镜像源服务拉取指定镜像或者库镜像
pushPush an image or a repository to a registry推送指定镜像或者库镜像至docker源服务器
restartRestart one or more containers重启运行的容器
rmRemove one or more containers移除一个或多个容器
rmiRemove one or more images移除一个或多个镜像[无容器使用该镜像才可删除,否则需删除相关容器才可继续或 -f 强制删除]
runRun a command in a new container创建一个新的容器并运行一个命令
saveSave one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)保存一个镜像为一个tar包[对应load]
searchSearch the Docker Hub for images从docker hub中搜索镜像
startStart one or more stopped containers启动容器
stopStop one or more running containers停止容器
tagCreate a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE给源中镜像打标签
topDisplay the running processes of a container查看容器中运行的进程信息
unpauseUnpause all processes within one or more containers取消暂停容器
versionShow the Docker version information查看docker版本号
waitBlock until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes截取容器停止时的退出状态值
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