Docker常用命令
帮助命令
docker version # 显示docker的版本信息
docker info # 显示docker的系统信息,包括镜像和容器的数量
docker [命令] --help # 万能帮助命令
帮助文档的地址:帮助文档
镜像命令
docker images 查看所有本地主机上的镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker images
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
hello-world latest feb5d9fea6a5 7 months ago 13.3kB
# 解释
REPOSITORY 镜像的仓库源
TAG 镜像的标签
IMAGE ID 镜像的ID
CREATED 镜像的创建时间
SIZE 镜像的大小
# 可选项
[root@localhost ~]# docker images --help
Usage: docker images [OPTIONS] [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]
List images
Options:
-a, --all # 列出所有镜像
--digests Show digests
-f, --filter filter Filter output based on conditions provided
--format string Pretty-print images using a Go template
--no-trunc Don't truncate output
-q, --quiet # 只显示镜像的ID
docker search 搜索镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker search mysql
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 12524 [OK]
mariadb MariaDB Server is a high performing open sou… 4817 [OK]
# 可选项
--filter=STARS=5000
[root@localhost ~]# docker search mysql --filter=STARS=5000
NAME DESCRIPTION STARS OFFICIAL AUTOMATED
mysql MySQL is a widely used, open-source relation… 12524 [OK]
docker pull 下载镜像
# 下载镜像 docker pull 镜像名[:tag]
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull mysql
Using default tag: latest # 如果不屑tag,默认就是latest 最新版本
latest: Pulling from library/mysql
72a69066d2fe: Pull complete # 分层下载,docker image的核心,联合文件系统
93619dbc5b36: Pull complete
99da31dd6142: Pull complete
626033c43d70: Pull complete
37d5d7efb64e: Pull complete
ac563158d721: Pull complete
d2ba16033dad: Pull complete
688ba7d5c01a: Pull complete
00e060b6d11d: Pull complete
1c04857f594f: Pull complete
4d7cfa90e6ea: Pull complete
e0431212d27d: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:e9027fe4d91c0153429607251656806cc784e914937271037f7738bd5b8e7709 # 签名信息
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:latest
docker.io/library/mysql:latest # 真实地址
[root@localhost ~]#
# 下面两个命令是等价的
docker pull mysql
docker pull docker.io/library/mysql:latest
# 指定版本下载
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull mysql:5.7
5.7: Pulling from library/mysql
72a69066d2fe: Already exists
93619dbc5b36: Already exists
99da31dd6142: Already exists
626033c43d70: Already exists
37d5d7efb64e: Already exists
ac563158d721: Already exists
d2ba16033dad: Already exists
0ceb82207cd7: Pull complete
37f2405cae96: Pull complete
e2482e017e53: Pull complete
70deed891d42: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:f2ad209efe9c67104167fc609cca6973c8422939491c9345270175a300419f94
Status: Downloaded newer image for mysql:5.7
docker.io/library/mysql:5.7
[root@localhost ~]#
docker rmi 删除镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi -f 镜像ID # 删除指定的镜像
[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi -f 镜像ID 镜像ID 镜像ID # 删除多个容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker rmi -f $(docker images -aq) # 删除全部的镜像
容器命令
说明:我们有了镜像才可以创建容器,liunx,下载一个centos镜像来测试学习
[root@localhost ~]# docker pull centos
docker run 新建容器并启动
docker run [可选参数] image
# 参数说明
--name="name" # 容器名字。用来区分容器
-d # 后台方式运行.jar
-it # 使用交互方式运行
-p # 指定容器的端口 -p 8080:8080
-p ip:主机端口:容器端口
-p 主机端口:容器端口(最常用)
-p 容器端口
容器端口
-P # 随机指定端口
# 测试,启动并进入容器
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@680a8c1beffb /]# ls # 查看容器内的centos,基础版本,很多命令都是不完善的
bin etc lib lost+found mnt proc run srv tmp var
dev home lib64 media opt root sbin sys usr
# 从容器中退回主机
[root@680a8c1beffb /]# exit
exit
[root@localhost /]# ls
bin boot dev etc home lib lib64 media mnt opt proc root run sbin srv sys tmp usr var
[root@localhost /]#
docker ps 列出所有的运行的容器
# docker ps 命令
# 可选参数
不带 # 列出当前正在运行的容器
-a # 列出当前正在运行的容器+带出历史运行的容器
-n=? # 显示最近创建的容器
-q # 只显示容器的编号
[root@localhost /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
[root@localhost /]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
680a8c1beffb centos "/bin/bash" 5 minutes ago Exited (130) 2 minutes ago adoring_dewdney
03ecd244ee04 feb5d9fea6a5 "/hello" 47 hours ago Exited (0) 47 hours ago tender_hawking
[root@localhost /]#
exit 退出容器
exit # 直接停止容器并退出
Ctrl + P + Q # 不停止容器退出
[root@localhost /]# docker run -it centos /bin/bash
[root@53a11242da6c /]# [root@localhost /]#
docker rm 删除容器
docker rm 容器ID # 删除指定的容器,不能删除正在运行的容器,如果要强制删除,那就加 -f
docker rm -f $(docker ps -aq) # 删除所有的容器
docker ps -a -q|xargs docker rm # 删除所有的容器
docker start
docker start 容器ID # 启动容器
docker restart 容器ID # 重启容器
docker stop 容器ID # 停止当前正在运行的容器
docker kill 容器ID # 强制停止当前容器
常用的其他命令
后台启动容器
# 命令 docker run -d 镜像名
[root@localhost /]# docker run -d centos
问题:docker ps,发现 centos 停止了
常见的坑:docker 容器使用后台运行,就必须要有一个前台进程,docker 发现没有应用,就会自动停止
容器启动后,发现自己没有提供服务,就会立刻停止,就是没有程序了
docker logs查看日志的命令
docker logs -f -t --tail 10 容器ID #没有日志输出,那就写一个脚本吧
# 参数说明
-t # 显示行数
-f # 显示时间戳
--tail number # 要显示的日志条数
# 自己编写一段shell脚本
[root@localhost /]# docker run -d centos /bin/sh -c "while true;do echo helloword;sleep 1;done"
8578b1265dd1719cdfb86ffe248affc66ff3f171d5c174a166c2a5896510f106
[root@localhost /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
8578b1265dd1 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 5 seconds ago Up 5 seconds jolly_driscoll
[root@localhost /]# docker logs -tf --tail 10 8578b1265dd1
2022-05-07T15:44:15.495942072Z helloword
2022-05-07T15:44:16.497565710Z helloword
2022-05-07T15:44:17.500873639Z helloword
2022-05-07T15:44:18.505943544Z helloword
2022-05-07T15:44:19.509879072Z helloword
2022-05-07T15:44:20.514811359Z helloword
2022-05-07T15:44:21.519832944Z helloword
2022-05-07T15:44:22.524545268Z helloword
2022-05-07T15:44:23.526857018Z helloword
2022-05-07T15:44:24.531808952Z helloword
2022-05-07T15:44:25.535074550Z helloword
2022-05-07T15:44:26.536852261Z helloword
2022-05-07T15:44:27.540786135Z helloword
2022-05-07T15:44:28.542878129Z helloword
2022-05-07T15:44:29.546697416Z helloword
2022-05-07T15:44:30.551350071Z helloword
2022-05-07T15:44:31.554688080Z helloword
2022-05-07T15:44:32.557899719Z helloword
2022-05-07T15:44:33.561363592Z helloword
2022-05-07T15:44:34.564253599Z helloword
2022-05-07T15:44:35.569231061Z helloword
2022-05-07T15:44:36.570919440Z helloword
2022-05-07T15:44:37.587955206Z helloword
2022-05-07T15:44:38.596705908Z helloword
^C
[root@localhost /]#
docker top 查看容器中进程信息
[root@localhost /]# docker top 8578b1265dd1
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 19601 19583 0 23:43 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo helloword;sleep 1;done
root 19990 19601 0 23:49 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bin/sleep 1
docker inspect查看镜像的元数据
# 命令
docker inspect 容器ID
# 测试
[root@localhost /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
8578b1265dd1 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 9 minutes ago Up 9 minutes jolly_driscoll
[root@localhost /]# docker inspect 8578b1265dd1
[
{
"Id": "8578b1265dd1719cdfb86ffe248affc66ff3f171d5c174a166c2a5896510f106",
"Created": "2022-05-07T15:43:38.225865186Z",
"Path": "/bin/sh",
"Args": [
"-c",
"while true;do echo helloword;sleep 1;done"
],
"State": {
"Status": "running",
"Running": true,
"Paused": false,
"Restarting": false,
"OOMKilled": false,
"Dead": false,
"Pid": 19601,
"ExitCode": 0,
"Error": "",
"StartedAt": "2022-05-07T15:43:38.380709226Z",
"FinishedAt": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
},
"Image": "sha256:5d0da3dc976460b72c77d94c8a1ad043720b0416bfc16c52c45d4847e53fadb6",
"ResolvConfPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/8578b1265dd1719cdfb86ffe248affc66ff3f171d5c174a166c2a5896510f106/resolv.conf",
"HostnamePath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/8578b1265dd1719cdfb86ffe248affc66ff3f171d5c174a166c2a5896510f106/hostname",
"HostsPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/8578b1265dd1719cdfb86ffe248affc66ff3f171d5c174a166c2a5896510f106/hosts",
"LogPath": "/var/lib/docker/containers/8578b1265dd1719cdfb86ffe248affc66ff3f171d5c174a166c2a5896510f106/8578b1265dd1719cdfb86ffe248affc66ff3f171d5c174a166c2a5896510f106-json.log",
"Name": "/jolly_driscoll",
"RestartCount": 0,
"Driver": "overlay2",
"Platform": "linux",
"MountLabel": "",
"ProcessLabel": "",
"AppArmorProfile": "",
"ExecIDs": null,
"HostConfig": {
"Binds": null,
"ContainerIDFile": "",
"LogConfig": {
"Type": "json-file",
"Config": {}
},
"NetworkMode": "default",
"PortBindings": {},
"RestartPolicy": {
"Name": "no",
"MaximumRetryCount": 0
},
"AutoRemove": false,
"VolumeDriver": "",
"VolumesFrom": null,
"CapAdd": null,
"CapDrop": null,
"CgroupnsMode": "host",
"Dns": [],
"DnsOptions": [],
"DnsSearch": [],
"ExtraHosts": null,
"GroupAdd": null,
"IpcMode": "private",
"Cgroup": "",
"Links": null,
"OomScoreAdj": 0,
"PidMode": "",
"Privileged": false,
"PublishAllPorts": false,
"ReadonlyRootfs": false,
"SecurityOpt": null,
"UTSMode": "",
"UsernsMode": "",
"ShmSize": 67108864,
"Runtime": "runc",
"ConsoleSize": [
0,
0
],
"Isolation": "",
"CpuShares": 0,
"Memory": 0,
"NanoCpus": 0,
"CgroupParent": "",
"BlkioWeight": 0,
"BlkioWeightDevice": [],
"BlkioDeviceReadBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteBps": null,
"BlkioDeviceReadIOps": null,
"BlkioDeviceWriteIOps": null,
"CpuPeriod": 0,
"CpuQuota": 0,
"CpuRealtimePeriod": 0,
"CpuRealtimeRuntime": 0,
"CpusetCpus": "",
"CpusetMems": "",
"Devices": [],
"DeviceCgroupRules": null,
"DeviceRequests": null,
"KernelMemory": 0,
"KernelMemoryTCP": 0,
"MemoryReservation": 0,
"MemorySwap": 0,
"MemorySwappiness": null,
"OomKillDisable": false,
"PidsLimit": null,
"Ulimits": null,
"CpuCount": 0,
"CpuPercent": 0,
"IOMaximumIOps": 0,
"IOMaximumBandwidth": 0,
"MaskedPaths": [
"/proc/asound",
"/proc/acpi",
"/proc/kcore",
"/proc/keys",
"/proc/latency_stats",
"/proc/timer_list",
"/proc/timer_stats",
"/proc/sched_debug",
"/proc/scsi",
"/sys/firmware"
],
"ReadonlyPaths": [
"/proc/bus",
"/proc/fs",
"/proc/irq",
"/proc/sys",
"/proc/sysrq-trigger"
]
},
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"LowerDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/af6fc26d9d8ca43ebfc85a915f81ede2b9946c6a43cc146e4cd86ff04afb582b-init/diff:/var/lib/docker/overlay2/f8b560412759a03840d70d2b80a49aaee474dcc11cc464a61e342b4d28a1ddbd/diff",
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/af6fc26d9d8ca43ebfc85a915f81ede2b9946c6a43cc146e4cd86ff04afb582b/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/af6fc26d9d8ca43ebfc85a915f81ede2b9946c6a43cc146e4cd86ff04afb582b/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/af6fc26d9d8ca43ebfc85a915f81ede2b9946c6a43cc146e4cd86ff04afb582b/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"Mounts": [],
"Config": {
"Hostname": "8578b1265dd1",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/sh",
"-c",
"while true;do echo helloword;sleep 1;done"
],
"Image": "centos",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20210915",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"NetworkSettings": {
"Bridge": "",
"SandboxID": "d62177bfb344a1e5b506eaa0935254bb1ad4db18556e570579248100a10a9033",
"HairpinMode": false,
"LinkLocalIPv6Address": "",
"LinkLocalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"Ports": {},
"SandboxKey": "/var/run/docker/netns/d62177bfb344",
"SecondaryIPAddresses": null,
"SecondaryIPv6Addresses": null,
"EndpointID": "4842f5f24257903cbdad96039833959c9606ede0805912cf0cce7f0c183b3b94",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"Networks": {
"bridge": {
"IPAMConfig": null,
"Links": null,
"Aliases": null,
"NetworkID": "81dd19e1eed47406ca3e4708a62a34156768b76947374bdb4b908309ab368657",
"EndpointID": "4842f5f24257903cbdad96039833959c9606ede0805912cf0cce7f0c183b3b94",
"Gateway": "172.17.0.1",
"IPAddress": "172.17.0.2",
"IPPrefixLen": 16,
"IPv6Gateway": "",
"GlobalIPv6Address": "",
"GlobalIPv6PrefixLen": 0,
"MacAddress": "02:42:ac:11:00:02",
"DriverOpts": null
}
}
}
}
]
[root@localhost /]#
docker exec 进入当前正在运行的容器
方式一
容器通常都是使用后台方式运行的,需要进入容器,修改一些配置,怎么办呢?
# 命令
docker exec -it 容器ID bashShell
# 测试
[root@localhost /]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
8578b1265dd1 centos "/bin/sh -c 'while t…" 14 minutes ago Up 14 minutes jolly_driscoll
[root@localhost /]# docker exec -it 8578b1265dd1 /bin/bash
[root@8578b1265dd1 /]# ls
bin etc lib lost+found mnt proc run srv tmp var
dev home lib64 media opt root sbin sys usr
[root@8578b1265dd1 /]# ps -ef
UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD
root 1 0 0 15:43 ? 00:00:00 /bin/sh -c while true;do echo helloword;sleep 1;done
root 873 0 0 15:58 pts/0 00:00:00 /bin/bash
root 897 1 0 15:58 ? 00:00:00 /usr/bin/coreutils --coreutils-prog-shebang=sleep /usr/bi
root 898 873 0 15:58 pts/0 00:00:00 ps -ef
[root@8578b1265dd1 /]#
方式二
# 命令
docker attach 容器ID
# 测试
[root@localhost /]# docker attach 8578b1265dd1
# docker exec # 进入容器后开启一个新的终端,可以在里面操作(常用)
# docker attrch # 进入容器正在执行的终端,不会启动新的进程
docker cp 从容器内拷贝文件到主机上
docker cp 容器ID:容器内路径 目的的主机路径
# 查看当前主机目录下
[root@localhost home]# ls
[root@localhost home]# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
91e922077534 centos "/bin/bash" About a minute ago Up About a minute silly_elion
# 进入docker容器内部
[root@localhost home]# docker attach 91e922077534
[root@91e922077534 home]# cd home
bash: cd: home: No such file or directory
[root@91e922077534 home]# ls
# 在容器内部新建一个文件
[root@91e922077534 home]# touch test.java
[root@91e922077534 home]# ls
test.java
[root@91e922077534 home]# exit
exit
[root@localhost home]# docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
91e922077534 centos "/bin/bash" 3 minutes ago Exited (0) 15 seconds ago silly_elion
# 将这文件拷贝出来到主机上
[root@localhost home]# docker cp 91e922077534:/home/test.java /home
[root@localhost home]# ls
test.java
[root@localhost home]#
# 拷贝是一个手动过程,未来我们使用 -v 卷的技术,可以实现自动同步
小结
命令 | 英文 | 中文 |
---|---|---|
attach | Attach to a running container | 当前 Shell 下 attach 链接指定运行镜像 |
build | Build an image from a Dockerfile | 通过Dockerfile定制镜像 |
commit | Create a new image from a contrainer changes | 提交当前容器为新的镜像 |
cp | Copy files/folders from the containers filesystem to the host path | 从容器中拷贝指定文件或者目录到宿主机中 |
create | creates a new container | 创建一个新的容器,同run,但不启动容器 |
diff | Inspect changes to files or directories on a container’s filesystem | 查看docker容器变化 |
events | Get real time events from the server | 从docker服务获取容器实时事件 |
exec | Run a command in a running container | 从已存在的容器上运行命令 |
export | Export a container’s filesystem as a tar archive | 导出容器的内容流作为一个tar归档文件[对应import] |
import | Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image | 从tar包中的内容创建一个新的文件系统镜像[对应export] |
history | Show the history of an image | 展示一个镜像形成历史 |
images | List images | 列出系统当前镜像的集合 |
info | Display system-wide information | 显示系统相关信息 |
inspect | Return low-level information on Docker objects | 查看容器详细信息 |
kill | Kill one or more running containers | 杀死指定的docker容器 |
load | Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN | 从一个tar包中加载一个镜像[对应 save] |
login | Log in to a Docker registry | 注册或者登录一个docker源服务器 |
logout | Log out from a Docker registry | 从当前docker registry退出 |
logs | Fetch the logs of a container | 输出当前容器日志信息 |
port | List port mappings or a specific mapping for the container | 查看映射端口对应的容器内部源端口 |
pause | Pause all processes within one or more containers | 暂停容器 |
ps | List containers | 列出容器列表 |
pull | Pull an image or a repository from a registry | 从docker镜像源服务拉取指定镜像或者库镜像 |
push | Push an image or a repository to a registry | 推送指定镜像或者库镜像至docker源服务器 |
restart | Restart one or more containers | 重启运行的容器 |
rm | Remove one or more containers | 移除一个或多个容器 |
rmi | Remove one or more images | 移除一个或多个镜像[无容器使用该镜像才可删除,否则需删除相关容器才可继续或 -f 强制删除] |
run | Run a command in a new container | 创建一个新的容器并运行一个命令 |
save | Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default) | 保存一个镜像为一个tar包[对应load] |
search | Search the Docker Hub for images | 从docker hub中搜索镜像 |
start | Start one or more stopped containers | 启动容器 |
stop | Stop one or more running containers | 停止容器 |
tag | Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE | 给源中镜像打标签 |
top | Display the running processes of a container | 查看容器中运行的进程信息 |
unpause | Unpause all processes within one or more containers | 取消暂停容器 |
version | Show the Docker version information | 查看docker版本号 |
wait | Block until one or more containers stop, then print their exit codes | 截取容器停止时的退出状态值 |