【Spring】- Bean的生命周期的init和destroy方法的三种方式

最新推荐文章于 2022-09-17 17:20:12 发布

LightOfMiracle

最新推荐文章于 2022-09-17 17:20:12 发布

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分类专栏： Spring 文章标签： spring bean 生命周期

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/LightOfMiracle/article/details/74523461

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概述

在Spring中，向容器中注入一个Bean的时候可能期望在Bean的创建或者Bean的销毁的时候“做一些事情”，Spring支持三种方式来让我们实现。

实现方法

准备

HelloPrinter类：

public class HelloPrinter {

	public void print() {
		System.out.println("hello");
	}
	
	public void init() {
		System.out.println("init run...");
	}
	
	public void destroy() {
		System.out.println("destroy run...");
	}
}

期望在HelloPrinter被容器创建的时候执行init方法，销毁的时候执行destroy方法。

Application类：

public class Application {
	
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		ConfigurableApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("spring.xml");
		HelloPrinter printer = (HelloPrinter) context.getBean("helloPrinter");
		printer.print();
		//shutdown容器
		context.registerShutdownHook();
	}
}

这里必须调用context.registerShutdownHook()方法去关闭容器（web应用中则不用）来达到容器销毁Bean的目的。

1. xml配置指定

通过在xml配置文件依赖注入注入Bean的时候添加init-method和destroy-method属性来指定：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <bean id="helloPrinter" class="io.spring.hello.HelloPrinter" init-method="init" destroy-method="destroy"/>

</beans>

容器在创建和销毁Bean的时候会去执行init-method和destroy-method中指定的方法

运行输出：

init run...
hello
七月 06, 2017 10:34:58 上午 org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext doClose
信息: Closing org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@2e817b38: startup date [Thu Jul 06 10:34:58 CST 2017]; root of context hierarchy
destroy run...

同时xml配置的时候还可以在xml的<beans />标签上指定默认的方法名分别为default-init-method和default-destroy-method属性。指定这两个属性之后如果在注入的Bean的<bean />节点上没有显示的指定init-method和destroy-method的话，容器会在Bean的创建和销毁的时候自动的去寻找相应名称的方法并执行，如果没有对应名字的方法则不执行未找到的方法。

例：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans default-init-method="init" default-destroy-method="destroy" xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <bean id="helloPrinter" class="io.spring.hello.HelloPrinter" />

</beans>

运行输出：

init run...
hello
七月 06, 2017 10:40:23 上午 org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext doClose
信息: Closing org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@2e817b38: startup date [Thu Jul 06 10:40:22 CST 2017]; root of context hierarchy
destroy run...

2. 实现InitializingBean接口和DisposableBean接口

InitializingBean和DisposableBean接口都只有一个方法

public interface InitializingBean {

	void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception;

}

public interface DisposableBean {

	void destroy() throws Exception;

}

例：

HelloPrinter：

public class HelloPrinter implements InitializingBean, DisposableBean{

	public void print() {
		System.out.println("hello");
	}

	@Override
	public void destroy() throws Exception {
		System.out.println("InitializingBean init method run..");
	}

	@Override
	public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
		System.out.println("afterPropertiesSet run..");
	}
	
}

xml配置如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <bean id="helloPrinter" class="io.spring.hello.HelloPrinter" />

</beans>

只需要简单的注入即可。

运行输出：

afterPropertiesSet run..
hello
七月 06, 2017 10:46:56 上午 org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext doClose
信息: Closing org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@2e817b38: startup date [Thu Jul 06 10:46:56 CST 2017]; root of context hierarchy
InitializingBean init method run..

3. 使用@PostConstruct和@PreDestroy注解

@PostConstruct和@PreDestroy注解效果基本等同于init-method和destroy-method。

例：

HelloPrinter：

public class HelloPrinter {

	public void print() {
		System.out.println("hello");
	}

	@PostConstruct
	public void init() {
		System.out.println("init by annotation run...");
	}
	
	@PreDestroy
	public void destroy() {
		System.out.println("destroy by annotation run...");
	}
	
}

xml配置支持注解方式：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!-- 注解支持 -->
    <context:annotation-config />

    <bean id="helloPrinter" class="io.spring.hello.HelloPrinter" />

</beans>

运行输出：

init by annotation run...
hello
destroy by annotation run...

三种方式并存时候的顺序：

下面例子：

HelloPrinter:

public class HelloPrinter implements InitializingBean, DisposableBean {

	public void print() {
		System.out.println("hello");
	}
	
	public void initByXml() {
		System.out.println("init by xml run...");
	}
	
	public void destroyByXml() {
		System.out.println("detroy bry xml run...");
	}
	
	@PostConstruct
	public void initByAnnotation() {
		System.out.println("init by annotation run...");
	}
	
	@PreDestroy
	public void destroyByAnnotation() {
		System.out.println("destroy by annotation run...");
	}

	@Override
	public void destroy() throws Exception {
		System.out.println("destroy by DisposableBean");
	}

	@Override
	public void afterPropertiesSet() throws Exception {
		System.out.println("init by InitializingBean");
	}
	
}

xml配置：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">

    <!-- 注解支持 -->
    <context:annotation-config />

    <bean id="helloPrinter" class="io.spring.hello.HelloPrinter" init-method="initByXml" destroy-method="destroyByXml" />

</beans>

运行输出：

init by annotation run...
init by InitializingBean
init by xml run...
hello
七月 06, 2017 11:21:51 上午 org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext doClose
信息: Closing org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext@2e817b38: startup date [Thu Jul 06 11:21:51 CST 2017]; root of context hierarchy
destroy by annotation run...
destroy by DisposableBean
detroy bry xml run...

顺序：