绑定方法和非绑定方法，classmethod、staticmethod

1.1、绑定方法

绑定方法分为绑定到对象的方法，和绑定到类的方法。绑定方法指的是类中定义的方法绑定给谁，谁调用，调用的时候自身作为第一个参数自动传值。

绑定到对象的方法

class Student:
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

    def learn(self):
        print('%s is learning')


print(Student.learn)
# <function Student.learn at 0x00000149B5398B70>

s1 = Student('小明', 18)
print(s1.learn)

# <bound method Student.learn of <__main__.Student object at 0x00000149B52F3E10>>

类中定义的方法不加修饰的话都是给对象用的，对象在使用时直接调用，并把自身当作第一个参数传入。

绑定到类的方法 classmethod

classmethod绑定到类，类在使用时会将类本身当做参数传给类方法的第一个参数,对象来调用也会将类当作第一个参数传入

class Student:
    name = '北大'

    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

    @classmethod
    def learn(cls):
        print('%s is learning'%self.name)

s1 = Student('小明', 18)

print(Student.learn)
# <bound method Student.learn of <class '__main__.Student'>>

Student.learn()
# 北大 is learning

# s1.learn()
# 北大 is learning

1.2、非绑定方法 staticmethod

非绑定方法staticmethod装饰，不与类和对象绑定，就是一个普通工具，

class Student:
    name = '北大'

    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age

    @staticmethod
    def learn(x):
        print('%s is learning'%x.name)

Student.learn(Student)

s1 = Student('小明', 18)
s1.learn(s1)

北大 is learning
小明 is learning

class Student:
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.host = name
        self.port = age
        self.id = self.create_id()

    @staticmethod
    def create_id():
        m = hashlib.md5(str(time.time()).encode('utf-8'))
        return m.hexdigest()


s1 = Student('小明', 18)
print(s1.__dict__)
# {'host': '小明', 'port': 18, 'id': '68eb283957093535025e8f4d85660316'}

class Student:

    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age
        self.id = self.create_id()

    @staticmethod
    def create_id():
        m = hashlib.md5(str(time.time()).encode('utf-8'))
        return m.hexdigest()

    @classmethod
    def m1(cls):
        return cls('小红', 19)


s1 = Student('小明', 18)
s2 = Student.m1()

print(s1.__dict__)

# {'name': '小明', 'age': 18, 'id': 'ab5564ad93932badc2391034f61eafa4'}

print(s2.__dict__)

# {'name': '小红', 'age': 19, 'id': 'ab5564ad93932badc2391034f61eafa4'}

两个实例化的方法。