文章目录
案例演示
一、创建maven项目(springDemo2021)
二、在pom.xml文件添加依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>net.lh.spring</groupId>
<artifactId>SpringDemo2021</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<properties>
<!-- spring.version -->
<spring.version>5.3.4</spring.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!--Spring核心-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!--Spring Bean-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!--Spring容器-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!--Spring测试-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!--单元测试-->
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.13</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>
场景:勇敢的骑士完成杀龙任务
三、创建杀龙任务类 - SlayDragonQuest
在main/java里创建net.lh.spring.lesson01包,然后在里面创建SlayDragonQuest类
package net.lh.spring.lesson01;
public class SlayDragonQuest {
public void embark(){
System.out.println("执行杀龙任务");
}
}
四、创建勇敢骑士类 - BraveKnight
在net.hw.spring.lesson01包里创建BraveKnight类
package net.lh.spring.lesson01;
public class BreakKnight {
private SlayDragonQuest slayDragonQuest;
public void setSlayDragonQuest(SlayDragonQuest slayDragonQuest) {
this.slayDragonQuest = slayDragonQuest;
}
public void embarkOnQuest(){
slayDragonQuest.embark();
}
}
回顾一下传统方式怎么使用这两个类。需要我们自己通过new实例化两个类,然后设置勇敢骑士对象的杀龙任务属性,然后调用勇敢骑士执行任务的方法。
五、采用传统方式执行
在test/java里创建net.hw.spring.lesson01包,然后在里面创建TestBraveKnightOld类
package net.lh.spring.lesson01;
import org.junit.Test;
public class TestBraveKnightOld {
@Test
public void testBraveKnight(){
//创建杀龙对象
SlayDragonQuest slayDragonQuest = new SlayDragonQuest();
//创建勇敢骑士对象
BreakKnight breakKnight =new BreakKnight();
//设置勇敢骑士杀龙任务属性
breakKnight.setSlayDragonQuest(slayDragonQuest);
//勇敢骑士执行任务
breakKnight.embarkOnQuest();
}
}
六、采用Spring框架执行
1、在resource目录中创建log4j.properties
log4j.rootLogger=WARN, stdout, logfile
log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%d %p [%c] - %m%n
log4j.appender.logfile=org.apache.log4j.FileAppender
log4j.appender.logfile.File=target/spring.log
log4j.appender.logfile.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout
log4j.appender.logfile.layout.ConversionPattern=%d %p [%c] - %m%n
2、创建Spring配置文件spring-config.xml
3、在Spring配置文件里创建Bean
(1)创建杀龙任务Bean
<bean id="SlayDragonQuest" class="net.lh.spring.lesson01.SlayDragonQuest"/>
id属性 :对应对象名,可以任取,我们可以通过这个id值从Spring容器中获取Bean对象。
class属性 :表明Bean对象是基于哪个类来实例化,注意一定要包含包名。
(2)创建勇敢骑士Bean
<bean id="Mike" class="net.hw.spring.lesson01.BraveKnight">
<property name="slayDragonQuest" ref="slayDragonQuest"/>
</bean>
property元素:给对象设置属性值
name属性:Bean对象的属性名
ref属性:Bean对象的属性值(引用另一个Bean对象)
勇敢骑士Bean通过元素将杀龙任务Bean注入作为其属性。注意,name属性值一定是BraveKnight类的属性名,ref属性值是已定义的杀龙任务Bean的id值。
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd">
<bean id="slayDragonQuest" class="net.hw.spring.lesson01.SlayDragonQuest"/>
<bean id="Mike" class="net.hw.spring.lesson01.BraveKnight">
<property name="slayDragonQuest" ref="slayDragonQuest"/>
</bean>
</beans>
通过Spring配置文件,创建了两个Bean对象,它们之间存在依赖关系,第一个Bean对象是第二个Bean对象的属性值
4、创建测试类 - TestBraveKnightNew,并在Spring配置文件里创建两个Bean
在test/java/net.hw.spring.lesson01里创建测试类TestBraveKnightNew
package net.lh.spring.lesson01;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class TestBraveKnightNew {
private ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context;//基于类路径XML创建的应用容器
@Before
public void init(){
context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("xmlconfig/spring-config01.xml");
System.out.println("spring应用容器开启");
}
@Test
public void testBraveKnight(){
//根据名称从应用容器里获取勇敢其实对象
BreakKnight breakKnight = (BreakKnight) context.getBean("Mike");
//让勇敢骑士执行任务
breakKnight.embarkOnQuest();
BreakKnight breakKnight1 = (BreakKnight) context.getBean("knight1");
breakKnight.embarkOnQuest();
BreakKnight breakKnight2 = (BreakKnight) context.getBean("knight2");
breakKnight.embarkOnQuest();
}
@After
public void destroy(){
context.close();
System.out.println("spring应用容器关闭");
}
}
代码说明:首先通过Spring配置文件创建Spring应用容器,然后就可以利用容器的getBean方法通过名称获取容器里的Bean对象,然后调用该对象的方法。
运行测试方法testBraveKnight(),查看结果
七、采用构造函数注入方式给Bean注入属性
1、创建救美任务类 - RescueDamselQuest
在net.hw.spring.lesson01包里创建RescueDamselQuest类
package net.lh.spring.lesson01;
public class RescueDamselQuest {
public void embark(){
System.out.println("执行救美任务");
}
}
2、创建救美骑士类 - DamselRescuingKnight
在net.hw.spring.lesson01包里创建DamselRescuingKnight类
package net.lh.spring.lesson01;
public class DamselRescuingKnight {
private RescueDamselQuest rescueDamselQuest;
public DamselRescuingKnight(RescueDamselQuest rescueDamselQuest) {
this.rescueDamselQuest = rescueDamselQuest;
}
public void embarkOnQuest(){
rescueDamselQuest.embark();
}
}
代码说明:通过构造方法来设置骑士要执行的任务。
3、在Spring配置文件里创建救美骑士Bean
<bean id="rescueDamselQuest" class="net.lh.spring.lesson01.RescueDamselQuest"/>
<bean id="damselRescuingKnight" class="net.lh.spring.lesson01.DamselRescuingKnight">
<constructor-arg ref="rescueDamselQuest"/>
</bean>
4、创建测试类TestDamselRescuingKnightOld
在test/java/net.hw.spring.lesson01里创建TestDamselRescuingKnightOld类
package net.lh.spring.lesson01;
import org.junit.Test;
public class TestDamselRescuingKnightOld {
@Test
public void TestDamselRescuingKnight(){
//创建救美任务对象
RescueDamselQuest rescueDamselQuest =new RescueDamselQuest();
//创建救美骑士对象
DamselRescuingKnight damselRescuingKnight = new DamselRescuingKnight(rescueDamselQuest);
damselRescuingKnight.embarkOnQuest();
}
}
运行测试方法,查看结果
5、创建测试类TestDamselRescuingKnightNew
在test/java/net.hw.spring.lesson01里创建TestDamselRescuingKnightNew类
package net.lh.spring.lesson01;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class TestDamselRescuingKnightNew {
private ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context;//基于类路径XML创建的应用容器
@Before
public void init(){
context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("xmlconfig/spring-config01.xml");
System.out.println("spring应用容器开启");
}
@Test
public void testBraveKnight() {
DamselRescuingKnight damselRescuingKnight = (DamselRescuingKnight) context.getBean("damselRescuingKnight");
damselRescuingKnight.embarkOnQuest();
}
@After
public void destroy(){
context.close();
System.out.println("spring应用容器关闭");
}
}
运行测试方法,查看效果
思考题
1、拆分Spring配置文件
如果我们有几十个类要创建Bean,采用XML配置方式,会不会让Spring配置文件显得很臃肿,怎么解决这个问题呢?能否将一个很大的Spring配置文件根据实际需要拆分成若干个较小的Spring配置文件呢?
如果有多个Spring配置文件,比如spring-config01.xml、spring-config02.xml、……
那么可以采用ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(“xmlconfig/spring-config*.xml”);语句基于上述全部Spring配置文件创建一个Spring容器
2、创建测试骑士类 - TestKnight
package net.lh.spring.lesson01;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
public class TestKnight{
private ClassPathXmlApplicationContext context;//基于类路径XML创建的应用容器
@Before
public void init(){
context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("xmlconfig/spring-config*.xml");
System.out.println("spring应用容器开启");
}
@Test
public void testTestKnight() {
//构造器注入
DamselRescuingKnight damselRescuingKnight = (DamselRescuingKnight) context.getBean("damselRescuingKnight");
damselRescuingKnight.embarkOnQuest();
//set方法注入
//根据名称从应用容器里获取勇敢其实对象
BreakKnight breakKnight = (BreakKnight) context.getBean("Mike");
//让勇敢骑士执行任务
breakKnight.embarkOnQuest();
BreakKnight breakKnight1 = (BreakKnight) context.getBean("knight1");
breakKnight.embarkOnQuest();
BreakKnight breakKnight2 = (BreakKnight) context.getBean("knight2");
breakKnight.embarkOnQuest();
}
@After
public void destroy(){
context.close();
System.out.println("spring应用容器关闭");
}
}