JAVA网络编程

1.TCP/IP协议

TCP 传输控制协议
IP 网络地址协议
协议共分为以下四层：应用层、传输层、互联网层、网络访问层
应用层协议
FTP 文件传输协议
http 超文本传输协议(访问网页)
telnet 远程登录
ssh 远程登录(保证安全)
DNS(域名系统）
传输层协议
打包和确定目的应用程序
TCP(保障数据的可靠有序), UDP （不保证数据的可靠有序）
互联网层
ip协议
网络访问层

2.HTTP协议

位于应用层

1）.请求 请求方式 资源地址 协议版本 请求首部字段
 eg： 

GET /index/heml HTTP/1.1

Host: localhost 
2）响应 协议版本 状态码 状态码的原因短语 响应首部字段 

eg：

HTTP/1.1 200 
Content-Type: text/plain;charset=UTF-8 
Content-Length: 20
 Date: Sat, 24 Nov 2018 01:37:25 GMT 
Nov 24 2018 09:37:25

3.客户端编程

1)使用Socket

创建Socket
Socket socket = new Socket("ip地址“，端口号);

发数据

socket.getOutputStream();

收数据

socket.getInputStream();

public class TestSocket {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        // 1. 新建Socket对象
        //  host: 主机ip地址  port：端口号
        Socket socket = new Socket("127.0.0.1", 5000); 
        // 2. 发送数据用输出流
        OutputStream out = socket.getOutputStream();
        out.write("GET /index.html HTTP/1.1\n".getBytes());
        out.write("Host: localhost\n".getBytes());
        out.write("\n".getBytes());
        out.write("\n".getBytes());

        // 3. 接收响应用输入流
        InputStream in = socket.getInputStream();
        BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(in, "utf-8"));
        while(true) {
            String line = reader.readLine();
            if(line == null) {
                break;
            }
            System.out.println(line);
        }

        socket.close();
    }
}

2)使用URL

   创建    new URL("http://ip地址:端口/资源地址")
   建立连接, 发送get请求    HTTPURLConnection conn = url.openConnection(); 
   接收数据    conn.getInputStream(); 

public class TestURL {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        HttpURLConnection connection = (HttpURLConnection)
                new URL("http://192.168.3.123:80/img/chrome.png").openConnection();
        InputStream in = connection.getInputStream();
        FileOutputStream image = new FileOutputStream("e:\\1.png");
        while(true) {
            byte[] buf = new byte[1024*8];
            int len = in.read(buf);
            if(len == -1) {
                break;
            }
            image.write(buf, 0, len);
        }
        image.close();
        connection.disconnect();
    }
}

4.服务器端编程

服务器端编程步骤

此程序一次只能响应一个客户端

public class testSeverSocket {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
    	//1.创建serverSocket
        ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(5000);
	//2.调用accept 等待客户端连接
        Socket accept = serverSocket.accept();
        InputStream in = accept.getInputStream();
        OutputStream out = accept.getOutputStream();
        byte[] bt = new byte[1024];
        while(true){
        //3.接收客户的输入
            int  len=in.read(bt);
            if(len==-1)
                break;
            //4. 拿到输出流向客户写入
            out.write(bt,0,len);
        }
    }
}

加入多线程后就可以响应多个客户端

public class ThreadServerSocket {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        ServerSocket serverSocket = new ServerSocket(5000);
        while(true){
            Socket accept = serverSocket.accept();
            new Thread(()->{
                try {
                    control(accept);
                } catch (IOException e) {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }).start();
        }
    }

    private static void control(Socket accept) throws IOException {
        InputStream in = accept.getInputStream();
        OutputStream out = accept.getOutputStream();
        byte[] bt = new byte[1024];
        while(true){
           int  len=in.read(bt);
            if(len==-1)
                break;
            out.write(bt,0,len);
        }
    }
}