设计模式之观察者模式

天气预报项目需求

天气预报项目需求,具体要求如下：

1) 气象站可以将每天测量到的温度，湿度，气压等等以公告的形式发布出去(比如发布到自己的网站或第三方)。

2) 需要设计开放型API，便于其他第三方也能接入气象站获取数据。

3) 提供温度、气压和湿度的接口

4) 测量数据更新时，要能实时的通知给第三方

天气预报设计方案1-普通方案

1）代码实现

创建WeatherData类

public class WeatherData {
    private float temperature;
    private float pressure;
    private float humidity;
    private CurrentConditions currentConditions;
    public WeatherData(CurrentConditions currentConditions) {
        this.currentConditions = currentConditions; }
    public float getTemperature() {
        return temperature; }
    public float getPressure() {
        return pressure; }
    public float getHumidity() {
        return humidity; }
    public void dataChange() {
        currentConditions.update(getTemperature(), getPressure(), getHumidity());}
    public void setData(float temperature, float pressure, float humidity) {
        this.temperature = temperature;
        this.pressure = pressure;
        this.humidity = humidity;
        dataChange();
    }
}

创建CurrentConditions类

public class CurrentConditions {
    private float temperature;
    private float pressure;
    private float humidity;
    public void update(float temperature,float pressure,float humidity){
        this.temperature=temperature;
        this.pressure=pressure;
        this.humidity=humidity;
        display();}
    public void display(){
        System.out.println("***Today mTemperature: "+temperature+"***");
        System.out.println("***Today mPressure: "+pressure+"***");
        System.out.println("***Today mHumidity: "+humidity+"***");
    }
}

创建Client类

public class Client {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        CurrentConditions currentConditions = new CurrentConditions();
        WeatherData weatherData = new WeatherData(currentConditions);
        weatherData.setData(30, 150, 40);
    }
}

2）运行结果：

缺点：

1) 其他第三方接入气象站获取数据的问题

2) 无法在运行时动态的添加第三方 (新浪网站)

3) 违反ocp原则

 

观察者模式(Observer)原理

观察者模式类似订牛奶业务

1) 奶站/气象局：Subject

2) 用户/第三方网站：Observer

1、Subject：登记注册、移除和通知

1) registerObserver 注册

2) removeObserver 移除

3) notifyObservers() 通知所有的注册的用户，根据不同需求，可以是更新数据，让用户来取，也可能是实施推送，看具体需求定

2、Observer：接收输入

观察者模式：对象之间多对一依赖的一种设计方案，被依赖的对象为Subject，依赖的对象为Observer，Subject通知Observer变化,比如这里的奶站是Subject，是1的一方。用户时Observer，是多的一方。

3、观察者模式UML类图

1）代码实现

创建Subject接口

//接口，让weatherData实现
public interface Subject {
    void registerObserver(Observer o);
    void removeObserver(Observer o);
    void notifyObserver();
}

创建Object接口

public interface Observer {
    void update(float temperature,float pressure,float humidity);
}

创建WeatherData类并实现Subject接口

public class WeatherData implements Subject{
    private float temperature;
    private float pressure;
    private float humidity;
    private ArrayList<Observer> observers;
    public WeatherData() {
        observers = new ArrayList<Observer>();
    }
    public float getTemperature() {
        return temperature; }
    public float getPressure() {
        return pressure; }
    public float getHumidity() {
        return humidity; }
    public void dataChange() {
//        currentConditions.update(getTemperature(), getPressure(), getHumidity());
        notifyObserver();
    }
    public void setData(float temperature, float pressure, float humidity) {
        this.temperature = temperature;
        this.pressure = pressure;
        this.humidity = humidity;
        dataChange();
    }

    @Override
    public void registerObserver(Observer o) {
        observers.add(o);
    }

    @Override
    public void removeObserver(Observer o) {
        if (observers.contains(o))
            observers.remove(o);
    }

    @Override
    public void notifyObserver() {
        for (int i = 0; i < observers.size(); i++) {
            observers.get(i).update(this.temperature,this.pressure,this.humidity);
        }
    }
}

创建CurrentConditions并实现Object接口

public class CurrentConditions implements Observer{
    private float temperature;
    private float pressure;
    private float humidity;
    public void update(float temperature,float pressure,float humidity){
        this.temperature=temperature;
        this.pressure=pressure;
        this.humidity=humidity;
        display();}
    public void display(){
        System.out.println("***Today mTemperature: "+temperature+"***");
        System.out.println("***Today mPressure: "+pressure+"***");
        System.out.println("***Today mHumidity: "+humidity+"***");
    }
}

创建BaiduSite并实现Object接口

public class BaiduSite implements Observer {
    private float temperature;
    private float pressure;
    private float humidity;
    public void update(float temperature,float pressure,float humidity){
        this.temperature=temperature;
        this.pressure=pressure;
        this.humidity=humidity;
        display();}
    public void display(){
        System.out.println("***百度Today mTemperature: "+temperature+"***");
        System.out.println("***百度Today mPressure: "+pressure+"***");
        System.out.println("***百度Today mHumidity: "+humidity+"***");
    }
}

创建Client类

public class Client {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //创建WeatherData
        WeatherData weatherData = new WeatherData();
        CurrentConditions currentConditions = new CurrentConditions();
        BaiduSite baiduSite = new BaiduSite();
        weatherData.registerObserver(currentConditions);
        weatherData.registerObserver(baiduSite);
        System.out.println("通知各个注册的观察者，看看信息");
        weatherData.setData(12f,100f,30.3f);
        System.out.println("=======移除CurrentConditions观察者=======");
        weatherData.removeObserver(currentConditions);
        weatherData.setData(12f,100f,30.3f);
    }
}

运行结果：