数据结构
栈的应用
栈用于括号匹配
#include<iostream>
#include<stack>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
// Function to check whether two characters are opening
// and closing of same type.
bool ArePair(char opening,char closing)
{
if(opening == '(' && closing == ')') return true;
else if(opening == '{' && closing == '}') return true;
else if(opening == '[' && closing == ']') return true;
return false;
}
bool AreParanthesesBalanced(string exp)
{
stack<char> S;
for(int i =0;i<exp.length();i++)
{
if(exp[i] == '(' || exp[i] == '{' || exp[i] == '[')
S.push(exp[i]);
else if(exp[i] == ')' || exp[i] == '}' || exp[i] == ']')
{
if(S.empty() || !ArePair(S.top(),exp[i]))
return false;
else
S.pop();
}
}
return S.empty() ? true:false;
}
int main()
{
/*Code to test the function AreParanthesesBalanced*/
string expression;
cout<<"Enter an expression: "; // input expression from STDIN/Console
cin>>expression;
if(AreParanthesesBalanced(expression))
cout<<"Balanced\n";
else
cout<<"Not Balanced\n";
}
栈实现表达式求值
中缀表达式
用栈实现后缀形式的表达式求值(伪代码):从左往右
用栈实现前缀形式的表达式求值(伪代码):从右往左
先弹出来的是op1
用栈实现将中缀式转化为后缀式
遇到数直接输入列表;遇到操作符则放入栈中等待,若要弹出栈中的操作符只有两种情况:(1)遇到了比当前更低等级的操作符,就把当前的操作符弹出;(2)到了表达式的末尾
在这里插入图片描述
/*
Infix to postfix conversion in C++
Input Postfix expression must be in a desired format.
Operands and operator, both must be single character.
Only '+' , '-' , '*', '/' and '$' (for exponentiation) operators are expected.
*/
#include<iostream>
#include<stack>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
// Function to convert Infix expression to postfix
string InfixToPostfix(string expression);
// Function to verify whether an operator has higher precedence over other
int HasHigherPrecedence(char operator1, char operator2);
// Function to verify whether a character is operator symbol or not.
bool IsOperator(char C);
// Function to verify whether a character is alphanumeric chanaracter (letter or numeric digit) or not.
bool IsOperand(char C);
int main()
{
string expression;
cout<<"Enter Infix Expression \n";
getline(cin,expression);
string postfix = InfixToPostfix(expression);
cout<<"Output = "<<postfix<<"\n";
}
// Function to evaluate Postfix expression and return output
string InfixToPostfix(string expression)
{
// Declaring a Stack from Standard template library in C++.
stack<char> S;
string postfix = ""; // Initialize postfix as empty string.
for(int i = 0;i< expression.length();i++) {
// Scanning each character from left.
// If character is a delimitter, move on.
if(expression[i] == ' ' || expression[i] == ',') continue;
// If character is operator, pop two elements from stack, perform operation and push the result back.
else if(IsOperator(expression[i]))
{
while(!S.empty() && S.top() != '(' && HasHigherPrecedence(S.top(),expression[i]))
{
postfix+= S.top();
S.pop();
}
S.push(expression[i]);
}
// Else if character is an operand
else if(IsOperand(expression[i]))
{
postfix +=expression[i];
}
else if (expression[i] == '(')
{
S.push(expression[i]);
}
else if(expression[i] == ')')
{
while(!S.empty() && S.top() != '(') {
postfix += S.top();
S.pop();
}
S.pop();
}
}
while(!S.empty()) {
postfix += S.top();
S.pop();
}
return postfix;
}
// Function to verify whether a character is english letter or numeric digit.
// We are assuming in this solution that operand will be a single character
bool IsOperand(char C)
{
if(C >= '0' && C <= '9') return true;
if(C >= 'a' && C <= 'z') return true;
if(C >= 'A' && C <= 'Z') return true;
return false;
}
// Function to verify whether a character is operator symbol or not.
bool IsOperator(char C)
{
if(C == '+' || C == '-' || C == '*' || C == '/' || C== '$')
return true;
return false;
}
// Function to verify whether an operator is right associative or not.
int IsRightAssociative(char op)
{
if(op == '$') return true;
return false;
}
// Function to get weight of an operator. An operator with higher weight will have higher precedence.
int GetOperatorWeight(char op)
{
int weight = -1;
switch(op)
{
case '+':
case '-':
weight = 1;
case '*':
case '/':
weight = 2;
case '$':
weight = 3;
}
return weight;
}
// Function to perform an operation and return output.
int HasHigherPrecedence(char op1, char op2)
{
int op1Weight = GetOperatorWeight(op1);
int op2Weight = GetOperatorWeight(op2);
// If operators have equal precedence, return true if they are left associative.
// return false, if right associative.
// if operator is left-associative, left one should be given priority.
if(op1Weight == op2Weight)
{
if(IsRightAssociative(op1)) return false;
else return true;
}
return op1Weight > op2Weight ? true: false;
}