04-DHCP实验
实验背景
网络拓朴图
需求
- MSW1和SW2之间的线路需配置为Trunk,采用Dot1q封装协议
- MSW1和SW2上创建VLAN 10、20,MSW1 配置SVI 10的IP为192.168.10.254,SVI 20的IP为 192.168.20.254,作为PC1和PC2的网关,SW2将接口E0/1划分到VLAN 10,E0/2划分到VLAN 20
- 在MSW1上配置两个DHCP地址池,地址池名Produce,分发地址范围192.168.10.0/24,网关为192.168.10.254,DNS地址为114.114.114.114,要求下发IP地址时不允许下发192.168.10.254;地址池名Office,分发地址范围192.168.20.0/24,网关为192.168.20.254,DNS地址为114.114.114.114,要求下发IP地址时不允许下发192.168.20.254
配置实现
1
MSW1和SW2之间的线路需配置为Trunk,采用Dot1q封装协议
MSW1
MSW1(config)# interface ethernet 0/0
MSW1(config-if)# switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
MSW1(config-if)# switchport mode trunk
SW2
SW2(config)# interface ethernet 0/0
SW2(config-if)# switchport trunk encapsulation dot1q
SW2(config-if)# switchport mode trunk
2
MSW1和SW2上创建VLAN 10、20,MSW1 配置SVI 10的IP为192.168.10.254,SVI 20的IP为 192.168.20.254,作为PC1和PC2的网关,SW2将接口E0/1划分到VLAN 10,E0/2划分到VLAN 20
MSW1
MSW1(config)# vlan 10, 20
MSW1(config-vlan)# exit
MSW1(config)# interface vlan 10
MSW1(config-if)# ip address 192.168.10.254 255.255.255.0
MSW1(config-if)# no shutdown
MSW1(config)# interface vlan 20
MSW1(config-if)# ip address 192.168.20.254 255.255.255.0
MSW1(config-if)# no shutdown
SW2
SW2(config)# vlan 10, 20
SW2(config-vlan)# exit
SW2(config)# interface e0/1
SW2(config-if)# switchport mode access
SW2(config-if)# switchport access vlan 10
SW2(config)# interface e0/2
SW2(config-if)# switchport mode access
SW2(config-if)# switchport access vlan 20
3
在MSW1上配置两个DHCP地址池,地址池名Produce,分发地址范围192.168.10.0/24,网关为192.168.10.254,DNS地址为114.114.114.114,要求下发IP地址时不允许下发192.168.10.254;地址池名Office,分发地址范围192.168.20.0/24,网关为192.168.20.254,DNS地址为114.114.114.114,要求下发IP地址时不允许下发192.168.20.254
MSW1
MSW1(config)# ip dhcp pool Produce
MSW1(dhcp-config)# network 192.168.10.0 255.255.255.0
MSW1(dhcp-config)# dns-server 114.114.114.114
MSW1(dhcp-config)# default-router 192.168.10.254
MSW1(dhcp-config)# ip dhcp pool Office
MSW1(dhcp-config)# network 192.168.20.0 255.255.255.0
MSW1(dhcp-config)# dns-server 114.114.114.114
MSW1(dhcp-config)# default-router 192.168.20.254
MSW1(dhcp-config)# exit
MSW1(config)# ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.10.254 #这个ip不分配给客户机
MSW1(config)# ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.20.254
#表示【192.168.10.254,192.168.20.254】这个区间的IP都不分配给客户机
MSW1(config)# ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.10.254 192.168.20.254
4
客户端IP获取
PC1
#用路由器模拟的PC,所以要执行关闭路由命令
PC1(config)# no ip routing
PC1(config)# intface e0/1
PC1(config-if)# ip address dhcp
PC1(config)# no shutdown # 路由器默认是关闭端口的,所以要no shutdown
PC2
#用路由器模拟的PC,所以要执行关闭路由命令
PC2(config)# no ip routing
PC2(config)# intface e0/1
PC2(config-if)# ip address dhcp
PC2(config)# no shutdown # 路由器默认是关闭端口的,所以要no shutdown
效果截图
PC1
PC1#show ip interface brief
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
Ethernet0/0 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
Ethernet0/1 192.168.10.1 YES DHCP up up
Ethernet0/2 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
Ethernet0/3 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
PC1#show ip dns view
DNS View default parameters:
Logging is off
DNS Resolver settings:
Domain lookup is enabled
Default domain name:
Domain search list:
Lookup timeout: 3 seconds
Lookup retries: 2
Domain name-servers:
114.114.114.114
DNS Server settings:
Forwarding of queries is enabled
Forwarder timeout: 3 seconds
Forwarder retries: 2
Forwarder addresses:
PC1#show ip
*Oct 26 17:24:03.733: %SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
PC1#show ip route
Default gateway is 192.168.10.254
Host Gateway Last Use Total Uses Interface
ICMP redirect cache is empty
PC1#
PC2
PC2#show ip interface brief
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
Ethernet0/0 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
Ethernet0/1 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
Ethernet0/2 192.168.20.1 YES DHCP up up
Ethernet0/3 unassigned YES unset administratively down down
PC2#show ip dns view
DNS View default parameters:
Logging is off
DNS Resolver settings:
Domain lookup is enabled
Default domain name:
Domain search list:
Lookup timeout: 3 seconds
Lookup retries: 2
Domain name-servers:
114.114.114.114
DNS Server settings:
Forwarding of queries is enabled
Forwarder timeout: 3 seconds
Forwarder retries: 2
Forwarder addresses:
PC2#show ip route
Default gateway is 192.168.20.254
Host Gateway Last Use Total Uses Interface
ICMP redirect cache is empty
PC2#
MSW1
MSW1#show ip dhcp binding
Bindings from all pools not associated with VRF:
IP address Client-ID/ Lease expiration Type State Interface
Hardware address/
User name
192.168.10.1 0063.6973.636f.2d61. Oct 27 2023 11:33 PM Automatic Active Vlan10
6162.622e.6363.3030.
2e33.3031.302d.4574.
302f.31
192.168.20.1 0063.6973.636f.2d61. Oct 27 2023 11:33 PM Automatic Active Vlan20
6162.622e.6363.3030.
2e34.3032.302d.4574.
302f.32
MSW1#
主要命令汇总
配置DHCP
//关闭DHCP
SW(config)# no service dhcp
//配置地址池
SW(config)# ip dhcp pool Produce
SW(dhcp-config)# network 网络id 子网掩码 //进入配置
SW(dhcp-config)# dns-server 1.1.1.1 //解析dns的服务器ip地址
SW(dhcp-config)# default-router 1.1.1.254 //默认的网关地址
//保留这个ip不分配给客户机
MSW1(config)# ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.10.254
//表示【192.168.10.254,192.168.20.254】这个区间的IP都不分配给客户机
MSW1(config)# ip dhcp excluded-address 192.168.10.254 192.168.20.254
删除配置的地址池
SW(dhcp-config)# no ip dhcp pool Produce //删除
SW# clear ip dhcp pool Produce //删除
SW# clear ip dhcp binding //删除
SW# clear ip dhcp subnet //删除
查询DHCP状态
//查询客户机器ip绑定情况
MSW1#show ip dhcp binding
//显示地址池的状态,可带地址池名称,如果带只显示指定的地址池,
MSW1#show ip dhcp pool
客户端获取
//客户端获取ip命令
SW(config)# interface ethernet 0/0
SW(config-if)# ip address dhcp
SW(config-if)# no shutdown