CCNA课程实验-06-RSTP

实验条件

网络拓朴

需求

● 理解生成树STP的选举过程
● 掌握生成树STP接口角色切换的操作

配置实现

默认情况阻塞的是SW3的E0/1接口，保持SW1根桥角色不变的情况下，将阻塞接口切换到SW2的E0/1接口

三台交换机状态如下
SW1

SW1#show spanning-tree

VLAN0001
  Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee
  Root ID    Priority    32769
             Address     aabb.cc00.1000
             This bridge is the root
             Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec

  Bridge ID  Priority    32769  (priority 32768 sys-id-ext 1)
             Address     aabb.cc00.1000
             Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec
             Aging Time  300 sec

Interface           Role Sts Cost      Prio.Nbr Type
------------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------
Et0/0               Desg FWD 100       128.1    P2p 
Et0/1               Desg FWD 100       128.2    P2p 
Et0/2               Desg FWD 100       128.3    P2p 
Et0/3               Desg FWD 100       128.4    P2p 


SW1#

SW2

SW2#show spanning-tree

VLAN0001
  Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee
  Root ID    Priority    32769
             Address     aabb.cc00.1000
             Cost        100
             Port        1 (Ethernet0/0)
             Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec

  Bridge ID  Priority    32769  (priority 32768 sys-id-ext 1)
             Address     aabb.cc00.2000
             Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec
             Aging Time  300 sec

Interface           Role Sts Cost      Prio.Nbr Type
------------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------
Et0/0               Root FWD 100       128.1    P2p 
Et0/1               Desg FWD 100       128.2    P2p 
Et0/2               Desg FWD 100       128.3    P2p 
Et0/3               Desg FWD 100       128.4    P2p 


SW2#

SW3

SW3#show spanning-tree

VLAN0001
  Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee
  Root ID    Priority    32769
             Address     aabb.cc00.1000
             Cost        100
             Port        3 (Ethernet0/2)
             Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec

  Bridge ID  Priority    32769  (priority 32768 sys-id-ext 1)
             Address     aabb.cc00.3000
             Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec
             Aging Time  300 sec

Interface           Role Sts Cost      Prio.Nbr Type
------------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------
Et0/0               Desg FWD 100       128.1    P2p 
Et0/1               Altn BLK 100       128.2    P2p 
Et0/2               Root FWD 100       128.3    P2p 
Et0/3               Desg FWD 100       128.4    P2p 


SW3#

根据生成树选举规则，SW3的E0/1被阻塞是由于竞争指定接口失败，而选举指定接口的规则为：
在每段链路上选举一个接口成为指定接口
1. 离根近的接口（Cost较小）
2. 发送BPDU者的 Bridge ID 较小
3. 发送BPDU者的 Port ID 较小
在本实验中，SW2的E0/1和SW3的E0/1距离根桥SW1的距离(Cost)相等，而SW2本身的 Bridge ID 较小，故SW2的E0/1成为指定接口，SW3的E0/1被阻塞

现在要在保持SW1根桥角色不变的情况下，将阻塞接口切换到SW2的E0/1接口, 只需要调整两个口到根的cost就可以达到目的了, SW2到SW1的cost,取决于e0/0的cost值, SW3到SW1的cost取决于e0/2的cost值,
因此可以调大SW2的e0/0口的cost值, 或是调小SW3的e0/2口的cost值
这样SW2的e0/1就会变化AP口(预备端口) SW3的e0/1就会变成DP口(指定端口)

SW3(config)#do sh spanning-tree

VLAN0001
  Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee
  Root ID    Priority    32769
             Address     aabb.cc00.1000
             Cost        100
             Port        3 (Ethernet0/2)
             Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec

  Bridge ID  Priority    32769  (priority 32768 sys-id-ext 1)
             Address     aabb.cc00.3000
             Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec
             Aging Time  300 sec

Interface           Role Sts Cost      Prio.Nbr Type
------------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------
Et0/0               Desg FWD 100       128.1    P2p 
Et0/1               Altn BLK 100       128.2    P2p 
Et0/2               Root FWD 100       128.3    P2p 
Et0/3               Desg FWD 100       128.4    P2p 


SW3(config)#int e0/2
SW3(config-if)#spanning-tree cost 1 
SW3(config-if)#do show spanning-tree

VLAN0001
  Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee
  Root ID    Priority    32769
             Address     aabb.cc00.1000
             Cost        1
             Port        3 (Ethernet0/2)
             Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec

  Bridge ID  Priority    32769  (priority 32768 sys-id-ext 1)
             Address     aabb.cc00.3000
             Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec
             Aging Time  15  sec

Interface           Role Sts Cost      Prio.Nbr Type
------------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------
Et0/0               Desg FWD 100       128.1    P2p 
Et0/1               Desg LIS 100       128.2    P2p 
Et0/2               Root FWD 1         128.3    P2p 
Et0/3               Desg FWD 100       128.4    P2p 


SW3(config-if)#

SW2

SW2#show spanning-tree

VLAN0001
  Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee
  Root ID    Priority    32769
             Address     aabb.cc00.1000
             Cost        100
             Port        1 (Ethernet0/0)
             Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec

  Bridge ID  Priority    32769  (priority 32768 sys-id-ext 1)
             Address     aabb.cc00.2000
             Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec
             Aging Time  300 sec

Interface           Role Sts Cost      Prio.Nbr Type
------------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------
Et0/0               Root FWD 100       128.1    P2p 
Et0/1               Altn BLK 100       128.2    P2p 
Et0/2               Desg FWD 100       128.3    P2p 
Et0/3               Desg FWD 100       128.4    P2p 


SW2#

目的达成.

保持SW1根桥角色不变的情况下，将阻塞接口切换到SW2的E0/0接口要如何操作？

在第一步的基础上，成功将阻塞接口切换到了SW2的E0/1，需求要求将阻塞接口切换到SW2的E0/0，也就意味着我们需要将根端口的角色从SW2的E0/0切换到E0/1，这样才能阻塞掉E0/0
根据生成树选举规则，根端口的规则为：
在每台非根桥上选举一个接口成为根端口
1. 离根近的接口（Cost较小）
2. 发送BPDU者的 Bridge ID 较小
3. 发送BPDU者的 Port ID 较小
SW2的E0/0到达根桥的距离(Cost)为100，而SW2的E0/1到达根桥的距离(Cost)也为100，但是需要加上SW3的E0/2的Cost=1，所以SW2的E0/1到达根桥的距离实际上是100+1=101, 如果要达到目的,可以修改SW2的e0/1口的为98,这样加起来为99,小于100,就可以达到目的.

如果还原上面的设置.则用以下的分析
SW2的E0/0到达根桥的距离(Cost)为100，而SW2的E0/1到达根桥的距离(Cost)也为100，但是需要加上SW3的E0/2的Cost=100，所以SW2的E0/1到达根桥的距离实际上是100+100=200, 如果要达到目的,可以修改SW2的e0/0口的为201,大于100,就可以达到目的.

SW2(config)#do show spanning-tree 

VLAN0001
  Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee
  Root ID    Priority    32769
             Address     aabb.cc00.1000
             Cost        201
             Port        1 (Ethernet0/0)
             Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec

  Bridge ID  Priority    32769  (priority 32768 sys-id-ext 1)
             Address     aabb.cc00.2000
             Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec
             Aging Time  300 sec

Interface           Role Sts Cost      Prio.Nbr Type
------------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------
Et0/0               Root FWD 201       128.1    P2p 
Et0/1               Desg FWD 101       128.2    P2p 
Et0/2               Desg FWD 100       128.3    P2p 
Et0/3               Desg FWD 100       128.4    P2p 


SW2(config)#int e0/0
SW2(config-if)#spanning-tree cost 202
SW2(config-if)#do show spanning-tree 

VLAN0001
  Spanning tree enabled protocol ieee
  Root ID    Priority    32769
             Address     aabb.cc00.1000
             Cost        201
             Port        2 (Ethernet0/1)
             Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec

  Bridge ID  Priority    32769  (priority 32768 sys-id-ext 1)
             Address     aabb.cc00.2000
             Hello Time   2 sec  Max Age 20 sec  Forward Delay 15 sec
             Aging Time  15  sec

Interface           Role Sts Cost      Prio.Nbr Type
------------------- ---- --- --------- -------- --------------------------------
Et0/0               Altn BLK 202       128.1    P2p 
Et0/1               Root LIS 101       128.2    P2p 
Et0/2               Desg FWD 100       128.3    P2p 
Et0/3               Desg FWD 100       128.4    P2p 


SW2(config-if)#