linux多线程-----同步机制(互斥量、读写锁、条件变量)

linux多线程同步机制主要有：互斥量，读写锁，条件变量。

互斥量：

互斥量用pthread_mutex_t数据类型表示，在使用互斥变量以前，必须对它进行初始化，可以把它设置为PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER（只是针对静态分配的互斥量），pthread_mutex_t fastmutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;
也可以通过函数int pthread_mutex_init(pthread_mutex_t *mutex, const pthread_mutexattr_t *mutexattr);进行初始化。

pthread_mutex_destroy destroys a mutex object, freeing the resources it might hold. The mutex must be unlocked on entrance.  
In  the  LinuxThreads implementation, no resources are associated with mutex objects, thus pthread_mutex_destroy actually does 
nothing except checking that the mutex is unlocked.

man手册关于pthread_mutex_destroy的介绍就是说在linux下线程的实现没有关于互斥量对象的资源，所以pthread_mutex_destroy仅仅是确认一下 互斥量mutex是处于解锁的状态。

int pthread_mutex_lock(pthread_mutex_t *mutex);
int pthread_mutex_trylock(pthread_mutex_t *mutex);
int pthread_mutex_unlock(pthr