codeforces 814C An impassioned circulation of affection 尺取法或者预处理

C. An impassioned circulation of affection
time limit per test2 seconds
memory limit per test256 megabytes
inputstandard input
outputstandard output
Nadeko’s birthday is approaching! As she decorated the room for the party, a long garland of Dianthus-shaped paper pieces was placed on a prominent part of the wall. Brother Koyomi will like it!

Still unsatisfied with the garland, Nadeko decided to polish it again. The garland has n pieces numbered from 1 to n from left to right, and the i-th piece has a colour si, denoted by a lowercase English letter. Nadeko will repaint at most m of the pieces to give each of them an arbitrary new colour (still denoted by a lowercase English letter). After this work, she finds out all subsegments of the garland containing pieces of only colour c — Brother Koyomi’s favourite one, and takes the length of the longest among them to be the Koyomity of the garland.

For instance, let’s say the garland is represented by “kooomo”, and Brother Koyomi’s favourite colour is “o”. Among all subsegments containing pieces of “o” only, “ooo” is the longest, with a length of 3. Thus the Koyomity of this garland equals 3.

But problem arises as Nadeko is unsure about Brother Koyomi’s favourite colour, and has swaying ideas on the amount of work to do. She has q plans on this, each of which can be expressed as a pair of an integer mi and a lowercase letter ci, meanings of which are explained above. You are to find out the maximum Koyomity achievable after repainting the garland according to each plan.

Input
The first line of input contains a positive integer n (1 ≤ n ≤ 1 500) — the length of the garland.

The second line contains n lowercase English letters s1s2… sn as a string — the initial colours of paper pieces on the garland.

The third line contains a positive integer q (1 ≤ q ≤ 200 000) — the number of plans Nadeko has.

The next q lines describe one plan each: the i-th among them contains an integer mi (1 ≤ mi ≤ n) — the maximum amount of pieces to repaint, followed by a space, then by a lowercase English letter ci — Koyomi’s possible favourite colour.

Output
Output q lines: for each work plan, output one line containing an integer — the largest Koyomity achievable after repainting the garland according to it.

Examples
input
6
koyomi
3
1 o
4 o
4 m
output
3
6
5
input
15
yamatonadeshiko
10
1 a
2 a
3 a
4 a
5 a
1 b
2 b
3 b
4 b
5 b
output
3
4
5
7
8
1
2
3
4
5
input
10
aaaaaaaaaa
2
10 b
10 z
output
10
10
Note
In the first sample, there are three plans:

In the first plan, at most 1 piece can be repainted. Repainting the “y” piece to become “o” results in “kooomi”, whose Koyomity of 3 is the best achievable;
In the second plan, at most 4 pieces can be repainted, and “oooooo” results in a Koyomity of 6;
In the third plan, at most 4 pieces can be repainted, and “mmmmmi” and “kmmmmm” both result in a Koyomity of 5.

给你一个字符串，问你，最多改k个，且只能改为一种字符，最长连续相同该种字符的长度是多少。。。用尺取就好了，双指针模拟

#include <bits/stdc++.h>
using namespace std;
char s[2010];
int pos[2010];
int len,change;
int n,k;
int cal(char x)  
{  
    int l = 0, r = 0, ans = 0, cnt = 0;  
    while(l < n && r < n)  
    {  
        while((s[r] == x || cnt < k) && r < n)  
        {  
            if(s[r] != x)  
                cnt ++;  
            r ++;  
        }  
        ans = max(ans, r - l);  
        while(s[l] == x && l <= r)  
            l ++;  
        l ++;  
        cnt --;  
    }  
    return ans;  
}  

int main()
{

    scanf("%d",&n);
    scanf(" %s",s);
    int q;
    scanf("%d",&q);
    for(int i=1;i<=q;i++)
    {
        char ch;
        scanf(" %d %c",&k,&ch);
        printf("%d\n",cal(ch) );
    }
}

还有一种dalao的预处理
贼快

#include<bits/stdc++.h>
#define ll long long
using namespace std;
char a[2000];
int n,q,sum[2000][30];
int p[30][2000];
void make(int x)
{
    for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
    for(int j=i;j<=n;j++)
    {
        int k=sum[j][x]-sum[i-1][x],d=j-i+1;
        p[x][d-k]=max(p[x][d-k],d);
    }
}
int main()
{
    while(~scanf("%d",&n))
    {
        scanf("%s",a);
        memset(sum,0,sizeof sum);
        for(int i=1;i<=n;i++)
        {
            for(int j=0;j<26;j++)
            sum[i][j]=sum[i-1][j];
            sum[i][a[i-1]-'a']++;
        }
        memset(p,0,sizeof p);
        for(int i=0;i<=25;i++)
        make(i);
        scanf("%d",&q);
        while(q--)
        {
            int x,k;
            char c[3];
            scanf("%d%s",&x,c);
            k=c[0]-'a';
            x=min(x,n-sum[n][k]);
            printf("%d\n",p[k][x]);
        }
    }
    return 0;
}