Samba安装测试详解
samba-client.i386
samba-common.i386
samba.i386
samba-swat.i386
1、安装软件包
# yum install samba* -y
2、添加组
我们用的方法是先添加用户，但添加的这些用户都是虚拟用户，因为这些用户是不能通过SHELL登录系统的;另外值得注意的是系统用户密码和Samba用户的密码是不同的。如果您设置了系统用户能登入SHELL，可以设置用户的Samba密码和系统用户通过SHELL登录的密码不同
groupadd develop3、添加用户到组
#添加test用户到组develop
useradd -g develop -s /sbin/nologin test4、添加samba用户和设置密码
smbpasswd命令的常用方法
smbpasswd -a 增加用户（要增加的用户必须以是系统用户）
smbpasswd -d 冻结用户，就是这个用户不能在登录了
smbpasswd -e 恢复用户，解冻用户，让冻结的用户可以在使用
smbpasswd -n 把用户的密码设置成空.
要在global中写入 null passwords -true
smbpasswd -x 删除用户
smbpasswd -a test
5、配置目录 /etc/samba
man smb.conf
# vim /etc/samba/smb.conf
[stable]
comment = stable
browseable = no
public = no
path = /diskb/stable
guest ok = no
create mask = 0776
directory mask = 0777
read only = no
valid users = @st, @develop
write list = @st
[global]
workgroup = MYGROUP
server string = Samba Server Version %v
security = user
passdb backend = tdbsam
load printers = yes
cups options = raw
[homes]
comment = Home Directories
browseable = no
writable = yes
[printers]
comment = All Printers
path = /var/spool/samba
browseable = no
guest ok = no # <--- yes匿名可以访问，no拒绝匿名访问
writable = no # <--- yes 资源可以写，no只读
printable = yes
[share]
comment = This is rhce testing
path = /common
browseable = yes #<---让资源可见
hosts allow = .example.com # <---只允许example.com域下的用户访问
valid users = user1 # <---该资源只对user1用户有效，别的用户不能访问
writable = yes # <--资源可写
2、创建目录并且修改selinux上下文
# mkdir /common
# chmod 775 /common
# chcon -R -t samba_share_t /common
# setsebool -P samba_export_all_ro on
或者
# setsebool -P samba_export_all_rw on
3、创建samba独立的帐号
注意：这些帐号必须是系统上本身就拥有的帐号
[ useradd user1 ]
# smbpasswd --help
# smbpasswd -a user1 <---添加user1到smb专用的帐号数据文件里
4、设定iptables
samber有两个进程:
nmbd 137 ， 138
smbd 139 ， 445
iptables -I INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m multiport --dports 137,138,139,445 -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -p udp -m multiport --dports 137,138,139,445 -j ACCEPT
5、测试
# service smb restart
# smbclient -L //192.168.0.249 -U user1 <--列出可以访问的资源
# smbclient //192.168.0.249/share -U user1 <--访问名字叫share的资源
如果共享的目录是公共的目录，也就是该目录也被别的服务共享，selinux上下文这样设定：
# chcon -t public_content_t /common
# chcon -t public_content_rw_t /common/pub
总结：
如果/common目录被nfs，vsftp，samba同时共享出去
selinux设定：
如果要求对该目录有写的权限：
chcon -R -t public_content_rw_t /common
如果是只读：
chcon -R -t public_content_t /common
文件系统权限：
如果要求对该目录有写的权限：
chmod 775 /common
chown root:XXXX /common 《－－XXXX代表通过samba在该目录写文件的哟用户所在的组
iptables设定(samba,nfs,ftp)：
modprobe ip_conntrack_ftp <---非常重要
echo "modprobe ip_conntrack_ftp" >> /erc/rc.d/rc.local
iptables -I INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
iptables -A INPUT -p tcp -m multiport --dports 20,21,137,138,139,445,875,32803,32769,892,662,2020,111,2049 -j ACCEPT
iptables -P INPUT DROP
练习：
1、通过samba共享/common目录，要求不允许t113.org域的所有用户访问。只允许user2访问该资源
[share]
comment = "test"
path = /common
hosts deny = .t113.org
valid users = user2
useradd user2
smbpasswd -a user2
2、分别通过smbclient访问用户的家目录资源，测试是否支持上传等操作
给我找到和samba家目录有关的selinux布尔值设定
getsebool 命令 找到
# getsebool -a | grep samba
samba_domain_controller --> off
samba_enable_home_dirs --> off 《－－－－－
samba_export_all_ro --> off
samba_export_all_rw --> on
samba_share_nfs --> off
use_samba_home_dirs --> off 《－－－－－
virt_use_samba --> off
setsebool -P samba_enable_home_dirs=1
setsebool -P use_samba_home_dirs=1
3、通过samba共享/share目录，要求所有人都可以访问，而且匿名也可以访问，并且匿名也可以上传文件。
[pub]
comment = "Public source"
path = /share
guest ok = yes
browseable = yes
writable = yes
# chcon -t public_content_rw_t /share/
还需设定目录权限和selinux策略
chmod 777 /share
setsebool -P allow_smbd_anon_write=1
测试
# smbclient -L //192.168.0.249
# smbclient //192.168.0.249
#
# Sample configuration file for the Samba suite for Debian GNU/Linux.
#
#
# This is the main Samba configuration file. You should read the
# smb.conf(5) manual page in order to understand the options listed
# here. Samba has a huge number of configurable options most of which
# are not shown in this example
#
# Some options that are often worth tuning have been included as
# commented-out examples in this file.
# - When such options are commented with ";", the proposed setting
# differs from the default Samba behaviour
# - When commented with "#", the proposed setting is the default
# behaviour of Samba but the option is considered important
# enough to be mentioned here
#
# NOTE: Whenever you modify this file you should run the command
# "testparm" to check that you have not made any basic syntactic
# errors.
#======================= Global Settings =======================
[global]
## Browsing/Identification ###
# Change this to the workgroup/NT-domain name your Samba server will part of
workgroup = WORKGROUP
# server string is the equivalent of the NT Description field
server string = %h server (Samba, Ubuntu)
# Windows Internet Name Serving Support Section:
# WINS Support - Tells the NMBD component of Samba to enable its WINS Server
# wins support = no
# WINS Server - Tells the NMBD components of Samba to be a WINS Client
# Note: Samba can be either a WINS Server, or a WINS Client, but NOT both
; wins server = w.x.y.z
# This will prevent nmbd to search for NetBIOS names through DNS.
dns proxy = no
#### Networking ####
# The specific set of interfaces / networks to bind to
# This can be either the interface name or an IP address/netmask;
# interface names are normally preferred
; interfaces = 127.0.0.0/8 eth0
# Only bind to the named interfaces and/or networks; you must use the
# 'interfaces' option above to use this.
# It is recommended that you enable this feature if your Samba machine is
# not protected by a firewall or is a firewall itself. However, this
# option cannot handle dynamic or non-broadcast interfaces correctly.
; bind interfaces only = yes
#### Debugging/Accounting ####
# This tells Samba to use a separate log file for each machine
# that connects
log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m
# Cap the size of the individual log files (in KiB).
max log size = 1000
# If you want Samba to only log through syslog then set the following
# parameter to 'yes'.
# syslog only = no
# We want Samba to log a minimum amount of information to syslog. Everything
# should go to /var/log/samba/log.{smbd,nmbd} instead. If you want to log
# through syslog you should set the following parameter to something higher.
syslog = 0
# Do something sensible when Samba crashes: mail the admin a backtrace
panic action = /usr/share/samba/panic-action %d
####### Authentication #######
# Server role. Defines in which mode Samba will operate. Possible
# values are "standalone server", "member server", "classic primary
# domain controller", "classic backup domain controller", "active
# directory domain controller".
#
# Most people will want "standalone sever" or "member server".
# Running as "active directory domain controller" will require first
# running "samba-tool domain provision" to wipe databases and create a
# new domain.
server role = standalone server
# If you are using encrypted passwords, Samba will need to know what
# password database type you are using.
passdb backend = tdbsam
obey pam restrictions = yes
# This boolean parameter controls whether Samba attempts to sync the Unix
# password with the SMB password when the encrypted SMB password in the
# passdb is changed.
unix password sync = yes
# For Unix password sync to work on a Debian GNU/Linux system, the following
# parameters must be set (thanks to Ian Kahan <<kahan@informatik.tu-muenchen.de> for
# sending the correct chat script for the passwd program in Debian Sarge).
passwd program = /usr/bin/passwd %u
passwd chat = *Enter\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *Retype\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *password\supdated\ssuccessfully* .
# This boolean controls whether PAM will be used for password changes
# when requested by an SMB client instead of the program listed in
# 'passwd program'. The default is 'no'.
pam password change = yes
# This option controls how unsuccessful authentication attempts are mapped
# to anonymous connections
map to guest = bad user
########## Domains ###########
#
# The following settings only takes effect if 'server role = primary
# classic domain controller', 'server role = backup domain controller'
# or 'domain logons' is set
#
# It specifies the location of the user's
# profile directory from the client point of view) The following
# required a [profiles] share to be setup on the samba server (see
# below)
; logon path = \\%N\profiles\%U
# Another common choice is storing the profile in the user's home directory
# (this is Samba's default)
# logon path = \\%N\%U\profile
# The following setting only takes effect if 'domain logons' is set
# It specifies the location of a user's home directory (from the client
# point of view)
; logon drive = H:
# logon home = \\%N\%U
# The following setting only takes effect if 'domain logons' is set
# It specifies the script to run during logon. The script must be stored
# in the [netlogon] share
# NOTE: Must be store in 'DOS' file format convention
; logon script = logon.cmd
# This allows Unix users to be created on the domain controller via the SAMR
# RPC pipe. The example command creates a user account with a disabled Unix
# password; please adapt to your needs
; add user script = /usr/sbin/adduser --quiet --disabled-password --gecos "" %u
# This allows machine accounts to be created on the domain controller via the
# SAMR RPC pipe.
# The following assumes a "machines" group exists on the system
; add machine script = /usr/sbin/useradd -g machines -c "%u machine account" -d /var/lib/samba -s /bin/false %u
# This allows Unix groups to be created on the domain controller via the SAMR
# RPC pipe.
; add group script = /usr/sbin/addgroup --force-badname %g
############ Misc ############
# Using the following line enables you to customise your configuration
# on a per machine basis. The %m gets replaced with the netbios name
# of the machine that is connecting
; include = /home/samba/etc/smb.conf.%m
# Some defaults for winbind (make sure you're not using the ranges
# for something else.)
; idmap uid = 10000-20000
; idmap gid = 10000-20000
; template shell = /bin/bash
# Setup usershare options to enable non-root users to share folders
# with the net usershare command.
# Maximum number of usershare. 0 (default) means that usershare is disabled.
; usershare max shares = 100
# Allow users who've been granted usershare privileges to create
# public shares, not just authenticated ones
usershare allow guests = yes
#======================= Share Definitions =======================
# Un-comment the following (and tweak the other settings below to suit)
# to enable the default home directory shares. This will share each
# user's home directory as \\server\username
;[homes]
; comment = Home Directories
; browseable = no
# By default, the home directories are exported read-only. Change the
# next parameter to 'no' if you want to be able to write to them.
; read only = yes
# File creation mask is set to 0700 for security reasons. If you want to
# create files with group=rw permissions, set next parameter to 0775.
; create mask = 0700
# Directory creation mask is set to 0700 for security reasons. If you want to
# create dirs. with group=rw permissions, set next parameter to 0775.
; directory mask = 0700
# By default, \\server\username shares can be connected to by anyone
# with access to the samba server.
# Un-comment the following parameter to make sure that only "username"
# can connect to \\server\username
# This might need tweaking when using external authentication schemes
; valid users = %S
# Un-comment the following and create the netlogon directory for Domain Logons
# (you need to configure Samba to act as a domain controller too.)
;[netlogon]
; comment = Network Logon Service
; path = /home/samba/netlogon
; guest ok = yes
; read only = yes
# Un-comment the following and create the profiles directory to store
# users profiles (see the "logon path" option above)
# (you need to configure Samba to act as a domain controller too.)
# The path below should be writable by all users so that their
# profile directory may be created the first time they log on
;[profiles]
; comment = Users profiles
; path = /home/samba/profiles
; guest ok = no
; browseable = no
; create mask = 0600
; directory mask = 0700
[printers]
comment = All Printers
browseable = no
path = /var/spool/samba
printable = yes
guest ok = no
read only = yes
create mask = 0700
# Windows clients look for this share name as a source of downloadable
# printer drivers
[print$]
comment = Printer Drivers
path = /var/lib/samba/printers
browseable = yes
read only = yes
guest ok = no
# Uncomment to allow remote administration of Windows print drivers.
# You may need to replace 'lpadmin' with the name of the group your
# admin users are members of.
# Please note that you also need to set appropriate Unix permissions
# to the drivers directory for these users to have write rights in it
; write list = root, @lpadmin
[stable]
comment = stable
browseable = yes
path = /diskb/stable
guest ok = no
create mask = 0776
directory mask = 0776
read only = no
valid users = @stable
write list = @stable
[develop]
comment = develop
browseable = yes
path = /diskb/develop
guest ok = no
create mask = 0776
directory mask = 0776
read only = no
valid users = @sr
write list = @sr
[person]
comment = person
browseable = no
path = /diskb/person
guest ok = no
create mask = 0776
directory mask = 0776
read only = no
valid users = sr
write list = sr
[normal]
comment = normal
browseable = yes
path = /diskb/normal
guest ok = yes
create mask = 0777
directory mask = 0777
read only = no 共享参数
================== Share Definitions ==================
[共享名]
comment = 任意字符串
说明：comment是对该共享的描述，可以是任意字符串。
path = 共享目录路径
说明：path用来指定共享目录的路径。可以用%u、%m这样的宏来代替路径里的unix用户和客户机的Netbios名，用宏表示主要用于[homes]共享域。例如：如果我们不打算用home段做为客户的共享，而是在/home/share/下为每个Linux用户以他的用户名建个目录，作为他的共享目录，这样path就可以写成：path = /home/share/%u; 。用户在连接到这共享时具体的路径会被他的用户名代替，要注意这个用户名路径一定要存在，否则，客户机在访问时会找不到网络路径。同样，如果我们不是以用户来划分目录，而是以客户机来划分目录，为网络上每台可以访问samba的机器都各自建个以它的netbios名的路径，作为不同机器的共享资源，就可以这样写：path = /home/share/%m 。
browseable = yes/no
说明：browseable用来指定该共享是否可以浏览。
writable = yes/no
说明：writable用来指定该共享路径是否可写。
available = yes/no
说明：available用来指定该共享资源是否可用。
admin users = 该共享的管理者
说明：admin users用来指定该共享的管理员（对该共享具有完全控制权限）。在samba 3.0中，如果用户验证方式设置成“security=share”时，此项无效。
例如：admin users =bobyuan，jane（多个用户中间用逗号隔开）。
valid users = 允许访问该共享的用户
说明：valid users用来指定允许访问该共享资源的用户。
例如：valid users = bobyuan，@bob，@tech（多个用户或者组中间用逗号隔开，如果要加入一个组就用“@+组名”表示。）
invalid users = 禁止访问该共享的用户
说明：invalid users用来指定不允许访问该共享资源的用户。
例如：invalid users = root，@bob（多个用户或者组中间用逗号隔开。）
write list = 允许写入该共享的用户
说明：write list用来指定可以在该共享下写入文件的用户。
例如：write list = bobyuan，@bob
public = yes/no
说明：public用来指定该共享是否允许guest账户访问。
guest ok = yes/no
说明：意义同“public”。
转自：http://www.2cto.com/os/201310/249248.html
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