装前必读
注:请不要使用带中文的服务器或者克隆的虚拟机,容易出问题。
装说明
OS: CentOS stream 8
k8s: 1.20.x
操作工具:Xshell (可同时向多个机器传输命令)
注:生产环境中,建议使用小版本大于5的Kubernetes版本,比如1.19.5以后的才可用于生产环境。
**
基础环境安装**
注意事项
- 服务器IP地址配置成静态IP;
- VIP(虚拟IP)不要和公司内网的IP重复,配置前可以ping一下, 不通则可以使用,需要和主机在同一个局域网内;
- 请全局替换IP地址;
- 本文档显示的都是从master01节点操作命令,根据不同的要求,请将命令同时发送到不同的节点(xshell支持)。
配置信息
-
K8s Service网段:10.96.0.0/12
-
K8s Pod网段:172.16.0.0/12;
-
宿主机IP分配,实际环境中请自行更改```
192.168.74.134 k8s-master01
192.168.74.135 k8s-master02
192.168.74.136 k8s-master03
192.168.74.251 k8s-master-lb
192.168.74.137 k8s-node01
- 系统环境
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS Stream release 8
基础配置**
**
- 所有节点配置hosts文件
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# vim /etc/hosts
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
192.168.74.134 k8s-master01
192.168.74.135 k8s-master02
192.168.74.136 k8s-master03
192.168.74.251 k8s-master-lb
192.168.74.137 k8s-node01
- 所有节点安装yum源
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# curl -o /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/Centos-8.repo
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# yum install -y yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# sed -i -e '/mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com/d' -e '/mirrors.aliyuncs.com/d' /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
- 所有节点安装必备工具
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# yum install wget jq psmisc vim net-tools telnet yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 git -y
- 所有节点关闭firewalld 、dnsmasq、selinux(CentOS7需要关闭NetworkManager, CentOS8不需要)
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# systemctl disable --now firewalld
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# systemctl disable --now dnsmasq
# centos7 需要执行
# [root@k8s-master01 ~]# systemctl disable --now NetworkManager
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# setenforce 0
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# sed -i 's#SELINUX=enforcing#SELINUX=disabled#g' /etc/sysconfig/selinux
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# sed -i 's#SELINUX=enforcing#SELINUX=disabled#g' /etc/selinux/config
5.所有节点关闭swap分区,fstab注释swap
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# swapoff -a && sysctl -w vm.swappiness=0
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# sed -ri '/^[^#]*swap/s@^@#@' /etc/fstab
6.所有节点同步时间
# 安装chrony
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# rpm -ivh http://mirrors.wlnmp.com/centos/wlnmp-release-centos.noarch.rpm
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# dnf install wntp -y # centos7 -》yum install ntpdate -y
# 同步时间
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# echo 'Asia/Shanghai' >/etc/timezone
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# ntpdate time2.aliyun.com
# 加入crontab
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# crontab -e
*/5 * * * * /usr/local/bin/ntpdate time2.aliyun.com
# centos7 使用下面语句
# */5 * * * * /usr/sbin/ntpdate time2.aliyun.com
7.所有节点配置limit
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# ulimit -SHn 65535
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# vim /etc/security/limits.conf
# 末尾添加
* soft nofile 655360
* hard nofile 131072
* soft nproc 655350
* hard nproc 655350
* soft memlock unlimited
* hard memlock unlimited
8.master01节点配置免密钥登陆到其它的节点。安装过程中生成配置文件及证书均在master01节点完成,集群管理也在master01节点。
# 生成密钥
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# ssh-keygen -t rsa
# 配置免密钥登陆到其它节点
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# for i in k8s-master01 k8s-master02 k8s-master03 k8s-node01;do ssh-copy-id -i .ssh/id_rsa.pub $i;done
9.所有节点安装基本工具
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# yum install wget jq psmisc vim net-tools yum-utils device-mapper-persistent-data lvm2 git -y
10.master01节点节点下载安装文件
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# cd /root/
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# git clone https://github.com/dotbalo/k8s-ha-install.git
11.所有节点升级系统并重启
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# reboot
注:CentOS7需要升级,CentOS8可以按需升级系统
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# yum update -y --exclude=kernel*
内核升级【CentOS7需要做该步骤
说明:CentOS7 需要升级内核至4.18+,本地升级的版本为4.19
1.master01节点内核下载
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# cd /root
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# wget http://193.49.22.109/elrepo/kernel/el7/x86_64/RPMS/kernel-ml-devel-4.19.12-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# wget http://193.49.22.109/elrepo/kernel/el7/x86_64/RPMS/kernel-ml-4.19.12-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm
2.master01节点传输内核到其它节点
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# for i in k8s-master02 k8s-master03 k8s-node01;do scp kernel-ml-4.19.12-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm kernel-ml-devel-4.19.12-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64.rpm $i:/root/ ; done
3.所有节点安装内核
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# cd /root && yum localinstall -y kernel-ml*
4.所有节点更改内核启动顺序
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# grub2-set-default 0 && grub2-mkconfig -o /etc/grub2.cfg
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# grubby --args="user_namespace.enable=1" --update-kernel="$(grubby --default-kernel)"
5.所有节点检查默认内核是不是4.19
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# grubby --default-kernel
/boot/vmlinuz-4.19.12-1.el7.elrepo.x86_64
6.所有节点重启,然后检查内核是不是4.19
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# reboot
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# uname -a
内核配置*
- 所有节点安装ipvsadm
[root@k8s-node01 ~]# yum install ipvsadm ipset sysstat conntrack libseccomp -y
- 所有节点配置ipvs模块
注:在内核4.19+版本nf_conntrack_ipv4已经改为nf_conntrack, 4.18以下使用nf_conntrack_ipv4即可
[root@k8s-node01 ~]# vim /etc/modules-load.d/ipvs.conf
# 加入以下内容
ip_vs
ip_vs_lc
ip_vs_wlc
ip_vs_rr
ip_vs_wrr
ip_vs_lblc
ip_vs_lblcr
ip_vs_dh
ip_vs_sh
ip_vs_fo
ip_vs_nq
ip_vs_sed
ip_vs_ftp
ip_vs_sh
nf_conntrack_ipv4
ip_tables
ip_set
xt_set
ipt_set
ipt_rpfilter
ipt_REJECT
ipip
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# systemctl enable --now systemd-modules-load.service
- 所有节点配置k8s内核参数
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# vim /etc/sysctl.d/k8s.conf
# 加入
net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables = 1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-ip6tables = 1
fs.may_detach_mounts = 1
vm.overcommit_memory=1
vm.panic_on_oom=0
fs.inotify.max_user_watches=89100
fs.file-max=52706963
fs.nr_open=52706963
net.netfilter.nf_conntrack_max=2310720
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 600
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 3
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl =15
net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets = 36000
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans = 327680
net.ipv4.tcp_orphan_retries = 3
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16384
net.ipv4.ip_conntrack_max = 65536
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 16384
net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps = 0
net.core.somaxconn = 16384
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# sysctl --system
- 所有节点配置完内核后,重启服务器
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# reboot
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# lsmod | grep --color=auto -e ip_vs -e nf_conntrack
输出:
基本组件安装
- 所有节点查看是否安装Podman
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# rpm -q podman
podman-3.1.0-0.13.module_el8.5.0+733+9bb5dffa.x86_64
- 所有节点删除Podman
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# dnf remove podman
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# yum erase podman buildah
- 所有节点安装Docker-ce 19.03
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# yum install docker-ce-19.03.* -y
- 所有节点修改docker配置
温馨提示:由于新版kubelet建议使用systemd,所以可以把docker的CgroupDriver改成systemd
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# mkdir /etc/docker
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# vim /etc/docker/daemon.json
# 添加:
{
"exec-opts": ["native.cgroupdriver=systemd"]
}
5.所有节点设置开机自启动Docker
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# systemctl daemon-reload && systemctl enable --now docker
**
K8s及etcd安装
- Master01下载kubernetes安装包
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# cd
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# wget https://dl.k8s.io/v1.21.1/kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz
注:安装是可下载最新的1.20.x版本, https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/tree/master/CHANGELOG
- Master01下载etcd安装包
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# wget https://github.com/etcd-io/etcd/releases/download/v3.4.13/etcd-v3.4.13-linux-amd64.tar.gz
- Master01解压kubernetes安装文件
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# tar -xf kubernetes-server-linux-amd64.tar.gz --strip-components=3 -C /usr/local/bin kubernetes/server/bin/kube{let,ctl,-apiserver,-controller-manager,-scheduler,-proxy}
- Master01解压etcd安装文件
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# tar -zxvf etcd-v3.4.13-linux-amd64.tar.gz --strip-components=1 -C /usr/local/bin etcd-v3.4.13-linux-amd64/etcd{,ctl}
- Master01版本查看
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# kubelet --version
Kubernetes v1.21.1
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# etcdctl version
etcdctl version: 3.4.13
API version: 3.4
- Master01将组件发送到其他节点
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# MasterNodes='k8s-master02 k8s-master03'
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# WorkNodes='k8s-node01'
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# for NODE in $MasterNodes; do \
echo $NODE; \
scp /usr/local/bin/kube{let,ctl,-apiserver,-controller-manager,-scheduler,-proxy} $NODE:/usr/local/bin/; \
scp /usr/local/bin/etcd* $NODE:/usr/local/bin/; \
done
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# for NODE in $WorkNodes; do \
scp /usr/local/bin/kube{let,-proxy} $NODE:/usr/local/bin/; \
done
- 所有节点创建/opt/cni/bin目录
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# mkdir -p /opt/cni/bin
- Master01切换到1.20.x分支(其他版本可以切换到其他分支)
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# cd k8s-ha-install && git checkout manual-installation-v1.20.x
生成证书(★★★★★)
1.Master01下载生成证书工具
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# wget "https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssl_linux-amd64" -O /usr/local/bin/cfssl
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# wget "https://pkg.cfssl.org/R1.2/cfssljson_linux-amd64" -O /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# chmod +x /usr/local/bin/cfssl /usr/local/bin/cfssljson
etcd证书
- 所有Master节点创建etcd证书目录
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# mkdir /etc/etcd/ssl -p
- 所有节点创建kubernetes相关目录
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# mkdir -p /etc/kubernetes/pki
- Master01节点生成etcd证书
[root@k8s-master01 ~]# cd /root/k8s-ha-install/pki
# 生成etcd CA证书和CA证书的key
[root@k8s-master01 pki]# cfssl gencert -initca etcd-ca-csr