学习Introduction to Data Analysis using R系列

What is R?

R is a free softwareenvironment for data analysis and graphics(visualization)

• programming language
• data visualization tool

Why learning R?

1.data analysis/datascientist

perform comprehensive dataanalytics than can not be achieved using spreadsheet-based tools alone

R for data analysts

R- as an interactive dataanalysis tool

-classical statisticaltests

-linear and nonlinearmodeling

-time-series analysis

-classification

-clustering

-more

2.software developer

fulfill the user demandsfor improved data analysis features in new or existing applications

R for developers

R- as a programminglanguage

-expressions

-built-in functions

-data structures

• vectors, metrics, lists, data frames

-external libraries - packages

-user-defined functions

-user-defined classes

 

Getting started with Rconsole

TaomatoMacBook-Air:testRMars$ R

R version 3.0.3(2014-03-06) -- "Warm Puppy"

Copyright (C) 2014 The RFoundation for Statistical Computing

Platform:x86_64-apple-darwin10.8.0 (64-bit)

 

R是自由软件，不带任何担保。

在某些条件下你可以将其自由散布。

用'license()'或'licence()'来看散布的详细条件。

 

R是个合作计划，有许多人为之做出了贡献.

用'contributors()'来看合作者的详细情况

用'citation()'会告诉你如何在出版物中正确地引用R或R程序包。

 

用'demo()'来看一些示范程序，用'help()'来阅读在线帮助文件，或

用'help.start()'通过HTML浏览器来看帮助文件。

用'q()'退出R.

TaomatoMacBook-Air:testRMars$ ls -al

total 16

drwxr-xr-x   4Mars  staff   136  4  2 22:35 .

drwxr-xr-x+ 60 Mars staff  2040  4  2 22:33 ..

-rw-r--r--   1Mars  staff    59  4  2 22:35 .RData

-rw-------   1Mars  staff    23  4  2 22:35 .Rhistory

> library()

 

图书馆‘/Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/3.0/Resources/library’里有个程辑包：

 

base                   The R Base Package

boot                   Bootstrap Functions(originally by Angelo Canty

                       for S)

class                  Functions for Classification

cluster                Cluster Analysis Extended Rousseeuwet al.

codetools              Code Analysis Tools for R

compiler               The R Compiler Package

datasets               The R Datasets Package

foreign                Read Data Stored by Minitab, S, SAS,SPSS,

                       Stata, Systat, Weka,dBase, ...

graphics               The R Graphics Package

grDevices              The R Graphics Devices and Support forColours

                       and Fonts

grid                   The Grid Graphics Package

KernSmooth             Functions for kernel smoothing for Wand& Jones

                       (1995)

lattice                Lattice Graphics

MASS                   Support Functions and Datasetsfor Venables and

                       Ripley's MASS

Matrix                 Sparse and Dense Matrix Classes andMethods

methods                Formal Methods and Classes

mgcv                   Mixed GAM Computation Vehiclewith GCV/AIC/REML

                       smoothness estimation

nlme                   Linear and Nonlinear MixedEffects Models

nnet                   Feed-forward Neural Networksand Multinomial

                       Log-Linear Models

parallel               Support for Parallel computation in R

rpart                  Recursive Partitioning and RegressionTrees

spatial                Functions for Kriging and PointPattern

                       Analysis

splines                Regression Spline Functions andClasses

stats                  The R Stats Package

stats4                 Statistical Functions using S4Classes

survival               Survival Analysis

tcltk                  Tcl/Tk Interface

tools                  Tools for Package Development

utils                  The R Utils Package

> demo(graphics::graphics)

demo(graphics)

---- ~~~~~~~~

 

Type  <Return> tostart : 

Determine which package are currently loaded into memory?

We have determined whichpackages have been installed on our system by using ( install.packages() ), butto use the packages we need to load them to the memory.

> search()

[1]".GlobalEnv"        "package:stats"    "package:graphics" 

[4] "package:grDevices""package:utils"     "package:datasets" 

[7]"package:methods"   "Autoloads"        "package:base"  

Above is an order list ofpackages that are currently in memory and available for our R scripts. Noticethat the base packages is the final package in the search path. As we extend Rby loading new packages into memory.

Loading a package intomemory

> require(package)

BD801EN_Lab_1