SQL SELECT 语法
SELECT 列名称 FROM 表名称
SELECT * FROM 表名称(星号(*)是选取所有列的快捷方式。)
SQL SELECT DISTINCT 语句
在表中,可能会包含重复值。关键词 DISTINCT 用于返回唯一不同的值。
例:SELECT DISTINCT Company FROM Orders
SQL WHERE 子句
SELECT 列名称 FROM 表名称 WHERE 列 运算符 值
例:
SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE FirstName=‘Bush’
SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE Year>1965
SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE FirstName=‘Thomas’ AND LastName=‘Carter’
SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE firstname=‘Thomas’ OR lastname=‘Carter’
SELECT * FROM Persons WHERE (FirstName=‘Thomas’ OR FirstName=‘William’)
AND LastName=‘Carter’
SQL ORDER BY 子句
ORDER BY 语句用于对结果集进行排序。ORDER BY 语句默认按照升序对记录进行排序。如果希望按照降序对记录进行排序,可以使用 DESC 关键字。
以逆字母顺序显示公司名称,并以数字顺序显示顺序号:
SELECT Company, OrderNumber FROM Orders ORDER BY Company DESC, OrderNumber ASC
SQL INSERT INTO 语句
INSERT INTO 语句用于向表格中插入新的行。
INSERT INTO 表名称 VALUES (值1, 值2,…)
插入数据的列:INSERT INTO table_name (列1, 列2,…) VALUES (值1, 值2,…)
插入一行:INSERT INTO Persons VALUES (‘Gates’, ‘Bill’, ‘Xuanwumen 10’, ‘Beijing’)
插入一行中某列:INSERT INTO Persons (LastName, Address) VALUES (‘Wilson’, ‘Champs-Elysees’)
SQL UPDATE 语句
Update 语句用于修改表中的数据。
UPDATE 表名称 SET 列名称 = 新值 WHERE 列名称 = 某值
我们会修改地址(address),并添加城市名称(city):
UPDATE Person SET Address = ‘Zhongshan 23’, City = ‘Nanjing’
WHERE LastName = ‘Wilson’
SQL DELETE 语句
DELETE 语句用于删除表中的行。
DELETE FROM 表名称 WHERE 列名称 = 值
DELETE FROM Person WHERE LastName = ‘Wilson’
删除所有行:
DELETE FROM table_name
DELETE * FROM table_name