面试杂记

1、为什么有些脚本开头会加上set -e选项？

Every script you write should include set -e at the top. This tells bash that it should exit the script if any statement returns a non-true return value. The benefit of using -e is that it prevents errors snowballing into serious issues when they could have been caught earlier. Again, for readability you may want to use set -o errexit.

2、对于脚本中的set -o pipefail是怎么理解的？

If set, the return value of a pipeline is the value of the last (rightmost) command to exit with a  non-zero  status,or zero if all commands in the pipeline exit successfully.  This option is disabled by default.

3、docker通过镜像创建容器的时候–rm参数是什么含义？

The basic docker run command takes this form:

$ docker run [OPTIONS] IMAGE[:TAG|@DIGEST] [COMMAND] [ARG...]

Clean up (–rm)

By default a container’s file system persists even after the container exits. This makes debugging a lot easier (since you can inspect the final state) and you retain all your data by default. But if you are running short-term foreground processes, these container file systems can really pile up. If instead you’d like Docker to automatically clean up the container and remove the file system when the container exits, you can add the --rm flag:

–rm=false: Automatically remove the container when it exits (incompatible with -d)

Note: When you set the --rm flag, Docker also removes the volumes associated with the container when the container is removed. This is similar to running docker rm -v my-container. Only volumes that are specified without a name are removed. For example, with docker run --rm -v /foo -v awesome:/bar busybox top, the volume for /foo will be removed, but the volume for /bar will not. Volumes inherited via --volumes-from will be removed with the same logic – if the original volume was specified with a name it will not be removed.

For more advanced explanations you can browse this Page

4、Dockerfile的COPY命令和cmd中的cp命令的区别？

一个是从宿主机往镜像中拷贝文件，另一个是镜像内的文件拷贝；一个处于镜像构建过程中，一个处于镜像运行过程中。

5、git stash是什么作用（怎么暂存当前目录状态然后去进行其他的操作，比如bug修复提交）？

Use git stash when you want to record the current state of the working directory and the index, but want to go back to a clean working directory. The command saves your local modifications away and reverts the working directory to match the HEAD commit.

The modifications stashed away by this command can be listed with git stash list, inspected with git stash show, and restored (potentially on top of a different commit) with git stash apply. Calling git stash without any arguments is equivalent to git stash save. A stash is by default listed as "WIP on branchname …​", but you can give a more descriptive message on the command line when you create one.

The latest stash you created is stored in refs/stash; older stashes are found in the reflog of this reference and can be named using the usual reflog syntax (e.g. stash@{0} is the most recently created stash, stash@{1} is the one before it, stash@{2.hours.ago} is also possible). Stashes may also be referenced by specifying just the stash index (e.g. the integer n is equivalent to stash@{n}).

6、git如何合并多个commit

git-rebase - Reapply commits on top of another base tip

more advanced info at This Page