go学习笔记2

1.结构体、接口初体验

package main

import "fmt"

type Animal interface {
	eat()
	run()
}

type Cat struct {
	Name  string
	Age   int
	Color string
}

func (cat Cat) eat() {
	fmt.Printf("a cat is eating,it's name is %s ,age is %d\n", cat.Name, cat.Age)
}
func (cat Cat) run() {
	fmt.Printf("a cat is running,it's name is %s ,age is %d\n", cat.Name, cat.Age)
}

type Dog struct {
	Name  string
	Age   int
	Color string
}

func (dog Dog) eat() {
	fmt.Printf("a dog is eating,it's name is %s ,age is %d\n", dog.Name, dog.Age)
}
func (dog Dog) run() {
	fmt.Printf("a dog is running,it's name is %s ,age is %d\n", dog.Name, dog.Age)
}

func main() {
	cat := Cat{"lucky", 2, "black"}
	dog := Dog{"lalala", 1, "white"}
	cat.eat()
	cat.run()
	dog.eat()
	dog.run()
	fmt.Println("a animal of cat's behavior:")
	var a Animal
	a = cat
	a.eat()
	a.run()
	fmt.Println("a animal of dog's behavior:")
	a = dog
	a.eat()
	a.run()
	fmt.Println("slice of Animal behaviors:")
	x := make([]Animal, 2)
	x[0], x[1] = cat, dog
	for _, value := range x {
		value.eat()//多态

}

2.协程demo1 运行结果没有打印语句的原因是主线程都退出了 所有的协程都没有来得及执行也退出了

package main

import "fmt"

func Add(a, b int) {
	c := a + b
	fmt.Printf("%d + %d = %d\n", a, b, c)
}

func main() {
	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
		go Add(i, i)
	}
}

 

 3.协程demo2 在demo1的基础上引入time包让主线程睡眠1秒等待协程执行完毕

package main

import "fmt"
import "time"

func Add(a, b int) {
	c := a + b
	fmt.Printf("%d + %d = %d\n", a, b, c)
}

func main() {
	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
		go Add(i, i)
	}
	time.Sleep(1 * time.Second) //sleep 1 second
}

4.channel初体验 chan是go提供的一种通道可以代替锁实现临界区的阻塞

demo2虽然实现了功能但是事实上我们并不知道需要等待多久可以执行完。所以用channel改造一下程序。

package main

import "fmt"

func Add(a, b int, ch chan int) {
	c := a + b
	fmt.Printf("%d + %d = %d\n", a, b, c)
	ch <- 1 //写入
}

func main() {
	chs := make([]chan int, 10) //定义10个channel
	for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
		chs[i] = make(chan int)
		go Add(i, i, chs[i])
	}

	for _, v := range chs {
		<-v //读取 如果数据没有写入就会阻塞
	}

}

  

5.select初体验  结合channel实现超时

package main

import "fmt"
import "time"

func main() {
	ch := make(chan int)
	timeout := make(chan bool)

	go func() {
		time.Sleep(time.Second)
		timeout <- true
	}() //定义一个匿名函数 后面的括号代表立即调用

	select {
	case <-ch:
		fmt.Println("read data from ch!")
	case <-timeout:
		fmt.Println("read data from ch timeout!")
	}

}