SpringBoot整合持久层技术(夜的第五章)-整合Spring Data Jpa

JPA的基本注解

@Entity：修饰实体类，指明该类将映射到指定的数据表，例如:Customer类默认的数据表名为 customer
@Table：当实体类与映射的数据库表名不同名时需要使用@Table 注解,该注解与@Entity注解并列使用，使用其name属性指明数据库的表名
@Id ：标识该属性为主键，一般标注在该属性的 getter 方法上
@GeneratedValue ：标注主键的生成策略，通过其 strategy 属性。通常与@Id注解一起使用。默认情况下 JPA 会自动选择一个最适合底层数据库的主键生成策略，MySQL 默认为 AUTO，常用策略有：
–IDENTITY：采用数据库 ID自增长的方式来自增主键字段，Oracle 不支持这种方式；
–AUTO： JPA自动选择合适的策略，是默认选项；
–SEQUENCE：通过序列产生主键，通过 @SequenceGenerator 注解指定序列名，MySql 不支持这种方式
–TABLE：通过表产生主键，框架借由表模拟序列产生主键，使用该策略可以使应用更易于数据库移植
@Basic ：用于没有任何标注的 getXxx() 方法，默认即为 @Basic,所以若一个 getter 方法无任何注解，可以使用 @Basic 注解，也可以不使用
@Column ：当实体的属性与其映射的数据表的列不同名时使用，一般用于 getter 方法上。其 name 属性用来指明此属性在数据表中对应的列名；unique 属性指明是否为唯一约束；nullable 属性用来指明是否可以为空，false 为不能为空；length 属性指明此列的长度。

1.引入依赖

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.1.9.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.example</groupId>
    <artifactId>jpa</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>jpa</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <scope>8.0.11</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.9</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

2.yml配置

server:
  port: 8989
spring:
  datasource:
    type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
    url: jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/master?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=false&serverTimezone=GMT%2B8
    username: root
    password: 123
  jpa:
    show-sql: true  #显示打印sql
    database: mysql  #数据库是mysql
    hibernate:
      ddl-auto: update  #没有先创建再更新

3.创建实体类

package com.example.jpa.entity;

import javax.persistence.*;

/**
 * @Entity表示该类是一个实体类，在项目启动是会根据该类自动生成一张表，
 * 表的名称即@Entity注解中的name值，如果不配置name，默认名为类名
 */
@Entity(name = "t_book")
public class Book {
    /**
     * @Id表示该属性是一个主键。
     * @GeneratedValue注解表示主键自动生成，strategy则表示主键的生成策略
     */
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Integer id;

    /**
     * 默认情况下，生成的表中的字段的名称就是实体类中属性的名称，
     * 通过@Column注解可以定制生成的字段的属性
     * name表示该属性对应的数据表中字段的名称，
     * nullable表示该字段非空
     */
    @Column(name = "book_name",nullable = false)
    private String name;

    private String author;

    private Float price;

    /**
     * @Transient注解表示在生成数据库的表时，该属性被忽略，即不生成对应的字段
     */
    @Transient
    private String description;

    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getAuthor() {
        return author;
    }

    public void setAuthor(String author) {
        this.author = author;
    }

    public Float getPrice() {
        return price;
    }

    public void setPrice(Float price) {
        this.price = price;
    }

    public String getDescription() {
        return description;
    }

    public void setDescription(String description) {
        this.description = description;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Book{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", author='" + author + '\'' +
                ", price=" + price +
                ", description='" + description + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

4.创建DAO接口继承JpaRepository接口

package com.example.jpa.dao;

import com.example.jpa.entity.Book;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Query;
import org.springframework.data.repository.query.Param;

import java.util.List;

public interface BookDao extends JpaRepository<Book,Integer> {

    //查询以某个字符开始的所有书
    List<Book> getBooksByAuthorStartingWith(String author);

    //查询单价大于某个值的所有书
    List<Book> getBooksByPriceGreaterThan(Float price);

    @Query(value = "select * from t_book where id = (select max(id) from t_book)",nativeQuery = true)
    Book getMaxIdBook();

    @Query(value = "select b from t_book b where b.id > :id and b.author = :author")
    List<Book> getBookByIdAndAuthor(@Param("author") String author,@Param("id")Integer id);

    @Query("select b from t_book b where b.id < ?2 and b.name like %?1%")
    List<Book> getBookByIdAndName(String name,Integer id);
}

5.创建service

package com.example.jpa.service;

import com.example.jpa.dao.BookDao;
import com.example.jpa.entity.Book;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Page;
import org.springframework.data.domain.PageRequest;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

import java.util.List;

@Service
public class BookService {
    @Autowired
    BookDao bookDao;

    public Page<Book> getBookByPage(PageRequest pageable) {
        return bookDao.findAll(pageable);
    }

    public List<Book> getBookByIdAndAuthor(String author, int id) {
        return bookDao.getBookByIdAndAuthor(author,id);
    }


    public List<Book> getBookByAuthorStartingWith(String author) {
        return bookDao.getBooksByAuthorStartingWith(author);
    }

    public List<Book> getBookByIdAndName(String name, int id) {
        return bookDao.getBookByIdAndName(name,id);
    }

    public List<Book> getBooksByPriceGreaterThan(float price) {
        return bookDao.getBooksByPriceGreaterThan(price);
    }

    public Book getMaxIdBook() {
        return bookDao.getMaxIdBook();
    }

    public void addBook(Book book) {
        bookDao.save(book);
    }
}

6.创建controller

package com.example.jpa.controller;

import com.example.jpa.entity.Book;
import com.example.jpa.service.BookService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.data.domain.Page;
import org.springframework.data.domain.PageRequest;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

import java.util.List;

@RestController
public class BookController {
    @Autowired
    BookService bookService;

    @GetMapping("/findAll")
    public void findAll(){
        PageRequest pageable = PageRequest.of(2,3);
        Page<Book> page = bookService.getBookByPage(pageable);
        System.out.println("总页数:" + page.getTotalPages());
        System.out.println("总记录数:" + page.getTotalElements());
        System.out.println("查询结果:" + page.getContent());
        System.out.println("当前页数:" + page.getNumber() + 1);
        System.out.println("当前页记录数:" + page.getNumberOfElements());
        System.out.println("每页记录数:" + page.getSize());
    }

    @GetMapping("/search")
    public void search(){
        List<Book> bs1 = bookService.getBookByIdAndAuthor("鲁迅",7);
        List<Book> bs2 = bookService.getBookByAuthorStartingWith("吴");
        List<Book> bs3 = bookService.getBookByIdAndName("西",8);
        List<Book> bs4 = bookService.getBooksByPriceGreaterThan(30F);
        Book b = bookService.getMaxIdBook();
        System.out.println("bs1:" + bs1);
        System.out.println("bs2:" + bs2);
        System.out.println("bs3:" + bs3);
        System.out.println("bs4:" + bs4);
        System.out.println("b:" + b);
    }

    @GetMapping("/save")
    public void save(){
        Book book = new Book();
        book.setAuthor("鲁迅");
        book.setName("呐喊");
        book.setPrice(23F);
        bookService.addBook(book);
    }

}

http://localhost:8989/findAll

http://localhost:8989/search

http://localhost:8989/save

生成的表格