JS array 对象属性、操作方法 整理

属性

length： 字符串长度
prototype、constructor

常用方法

concat() 连接两个或更多的数组，并返回结果

arr = [1,2,3]
a2 = [4,5,6]
a3 = [['a','b','c'],['A','B','C']]
s = arr.concat(a2,...a3)
//arr = [1, 2, 3]
//s = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, "a", "b", "c", "A", "B", "C"]

every() 检测数值元素的每个元素是否都符合条件，返回布尔值

arr = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
flag1 = arr.every(item=>item>0)
flag2 = arr.every(item=>item<6)
//flag1 = true
//flage = false

filter() 检测数值元素，并返回符合条件所有元素的数组

arr = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
s = arr.filter(item=>{return item>5})
//arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]
//arr = [6, 7, 8, 9, 10]

forEach() 数组每个元素都执行一次回调函数。 不支持的 continue 与 break

arr = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
arr.forEach(item=>{item += 10})
//arr = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
arr.forEach((item,index,arr)=>{arr[index] += 10})
//arr = [11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20]

indexOf() 搜索数组中的元素，并返回它所在的位置

arr = ['abc','whh','bat','bat']
arr.indexOf('bat') // 2
arr.indexOf('sss') // -1

includes() 判断一个数组是否包含一个指定的值

arr = ['abc','bat','whh','bat']
arr.includes('bat') // true
arr.indexOf('sss') // false

push() 向数组的末尾添加一个或更多元素，并返回新的长度

arr = [1,2,3,4,5]
arr.push(8) // 6
arr.push(9,...[80,80,80])//10
//arr = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 80, 80, 80]

pop() 删除数组的最后一个元素并返回删除的元素

arr = [1,2,3,4,5]
arr.pop() //5
//arr = [1,2,3,4]

shift() 删除并返回数组的第一个元素

arr = [1,2,3,4,5]
arr.shift()//1
//arr= [2,3,4,5]

unshift() 向数组的开头添加一个或更多元素，并返回新的长度

arr = [1,2,3,4,5]
arr.unshift(0)//6
//arr = [0,1,2,3,4,5]

reverse() 反转数组的元素顺序

arr = [1,2,3,4,5]
arr.reverse()	//[5, 4, 3, 2, 1]

isArray() 判断对象是否为数组

a1 = 1
a2 = []
a3 = [1,2]
Array.isArray(a1)	//false
Array.isArray(a2)	//true
Array.isArray(a3)	//true

join() 把数组的所有元素放入一个字符串

arr = [1,2,3,4,5]
s = arr.join(',')
//s = "1,2,3,4,5"

slice() 选取数组的一部分，并返回一个新数组
array.slice(start, end)

arr = [55,66,77,88,99]
s = arr.slice(2,5)
// s = [77,88,99] ; arr = [55,66,77,88,99]
s = arr.slice(-2,-1)
//s = [88]

splice() 从数组中添加或删除元素
array.splice(index,howmany,item1,…,itemX)

index	必需。规定从何处添加/删除元素，该参数是开始插入和（或）删除的数组元素的下标，必须是数字。
howmany	可选。规定应该删除多少元素。必须是数字，但可以是 “0”，如果未规定此参数，则删除从 index 开始到原数组结尾的所有元素。
item1, …, itemX	可选。要添加到数组的新元素

arr = [1,2,3,4,5]
s1 = arr.splice(2)
//arr = [1,2]
// s1 = [3,4,5]

arr = ['a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h','i','j','k']
s = arr.splice(2,3)
//arr = ["a", "b", "f", "g", "h", "i", "j", "k"]
// s1 = ["c", "d", "e"]

arr = ['a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h','i','j','k']
s = arr.splice(2,3,'whh',...[5,6,8,9])
//arr = ["a", "b", "whh", 5, 6, 8, 9, "f", "g", "h", "i", "j", "k"]
// s1 = ["c", "d", "e"]

sort() 对数组的元素进行排序
array.sort(sortfunction)

arr = ['b','a','d','c']
arr.sort()	//["a", "b", "c", "d"]

var arr = [4,1,67,12,45,121,3];
arr.sort(function() {
    return (0.5-Math.random());
});
// [67, 4, 12, 3, 1, 45, 121]
//随机打乱