java反射

java中的反射指的是我们通过Class类对象可以获取类中任何方法以及成员函数，成员变量等，实现了动态调用的功能。
Class：指的是编译后class文件对象
Method：指的是成员方法
Constrouctor:指的是构造方法
Field：成员变量
代码如下：
我们对person进行反射操作

package Reflection;

public class Person {

    public String name = "richard";
    private String idcard = "14253456";

    public String toString(){
        return "name:" + name + " idcard:" + idcard;
    }

    public Person(){
        System.out.println("Person类无参数构造");
    }

    public Person(int a, int b, String s){
        System.out.println("Person类有参数构造:a" + a + "b:" + b + "s:" + s);
    }

    private Person(int a){
        System.out.println("Person类有参数的私有构造a：" + a);
    }

    public void show(){
        System.out.println("show 空参数");
    }

    public void show(int a){
        System.out.println("show a:" + a);
    }

    public void show(String s){
        System.out.println("show s:" + s);
    }
}

获取构造方法的测试

package Reflection;

import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;

/**
 * 获取构造方法
 */
public class ReflectTest2 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException, InvocationTargetException, InstantiationException {
        Class clazz = Person.class;

        //这个是所有的公共constructor
        Constructor[] constructors = clazz.getDeclaredConstructors();
        for(Constructor constructor : constructors){
            System.out.println(constructor);
        }

        //得到无参构造
        Constructor c1 = clazz.getConstructor();
        Object o1 = c1.newInstance();

        //得到有参构造
        Constructor c2 = clazz.getConstructor(int.class, int.class, String.class);
        Object o2 = c2.newInstance(1,1,"你好啊");

        //得到私有构造
        Constructor c3 = clazz.getDeclaredConstructor(int.class);

        //暴力反射
        c3.setAccessible(true);
        Object o3 = c3.newInstance(1);


    }
}

获取成员变量的测试

package Reflection;

import java.lang.reflect.Field;

/**
 * 获取成员变量
 */
public class ReflectTest3 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws IllegalAccessException, InstantiationException, NoSuchFieldException {
        Class clazz = Person.class;

        //通过公共的无参构造方法创建实例
        Object obj = clazz.newInstance();

        //通过Person的Class类获得所有的公共成员变量
        Field[] fields = clazz.getFields();

        for (Field s : fields)
            System.out.println(s);

        //获得name属性
        Field field = clazz.getField("name");

        //给name属性赋值为haha
        field.set(obj,"haha");

        System.out.println(obj);

        Field field2 = clazz.getDeclaredField("idcard");
        field2.setAccessible(true);

        //给idcard赋值
        field2.set(obj,"123456");
        System.out.println(obj);
    }
}

获取成员方法的测试

package Reflection;

import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;

/**
 * 获取成员方法
 */
public class ReflectTest4 {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws NoSuchMethodException, IllegalAccessException, InstantiationException, InvocationTargetException {
        Class clazz = Person.class;
        Object o = clazz.newInstance();

        Method[] declaredMethods = clazz.getMethods();
        for (Method method : declaredMethods){
            System.out.println(method);
        }
        Method method1 = clazz.getMethod("show");
        method1.invoke(o);

        Method method2 = clazz.getMethod("show",
                int.class);
        method2.invoke(o,2);

        Method method3 = clazz.getDeclaredMethod("show",String.class);
        method3.invoke(o,"你好啊");

    }
}