图片验证码的生成_图片验证码生成-CSDN博客

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/Lucky_mawei/article/details/111571090

图片验证码的生成

1.django 缓存设置

1.1 安装Django缓存模块

pip install django-redis==4.12.1

1.2 `syl/settings.py`中配置缓存

# 缓存配置
CACHES = {
    # django存缓默认位置,redis 0号库
    # default: 连接名称
    "default": {  
        "BACKEND": "django_redis.cache.RedisCache",
        "LOCATION": "redis://127.0.0.1:6379/0",
        "OPTIONS": {
            "CLIENT_CLASS": "django_redis.client.DefaultClient",
        }
    },
    # django session存 reidis 1 号库（现在基本不需要使用）
    "session": {  
        "BACKEND": "django_redis.cache.RedisCache",
        "LOCATION": "redis://127.0.0.1:6379/1",
        "OPTIONS": {
            "CLIENT_CLASS": "django_redis.client.DefaultClient",
        }
    },
    # 图形验证码，存redis 2号库
    "img_code": {  
        "BACKEND": "django_redis.cache.RedisCache",
        "LOCATION": "redis://127.0.0.1:6379/2",
        "OPTIONS": {
            "CLIENT_CLASS": "django_redis.client.DefaultClient",
        }
    }
}

# 配置session使用redis存储
SESSION_ENGINE = "django.contrib.sessions.backends.cache"
# 配置session存储的位置: 使用cache中的 session配置
SESSION_CACHE_ALIAS = "session"

2.新建应用verifications

图形验证码
短信验证码
邮件验证

'''2.1 在apps文件夹下新建应用： verifications'''
python ../manage.py startapp verifications   # 切换到apps文件夹下执行创建命令


'''2.2 在syl/settings.py中添加应用'''
INSTALLED_APPS = [
    'verifications.apps.VerificationsConfig',
]

'''2.3 在syl/urls.py主路由中添加'''
path('verify/', include('verifications.urls')),

'''2.4 添加子路由： verifications/urls.py'''
from django.urls import path
from . import views
urlpatterns = [
    # path('image_codes/', views.ImageCodeView.as_view())
]

3.图形验证码captcha使用

1.下载captcha压缩包captcha.zip，放到项目packages文件夹下
2.解压captcha.zip放到syl/libs文件夹下
3.解压文件中的syl/libs/captcha/captcha.py 右键运行即可生成图片验证码
unzip xxx.zip

4.在verifications/views.py中使用

from django.http import HttpResponse, HttpResponseForbidden
from django.views import View
from django_redis import get_redis_connection
from libs.captcha.captcha import captcha


class ImageCodeView(View):
    def get(self, request):
        # 1.接收数据(uuid)
        uuid = request.GET.get('uuid')

        # 2.校验数据
        if not uuid:
            return HttpResponseForbidden('uuid无效')

        # 3.处理业务
        # 获取图片文本内容和图片二进制代码
        text, image = captcha.generate_captcha()   # text=GPMZ; image=图片

        # 4.把uuid和图片文本存入redis
        redis_client = get_redis_connection('img_code')  # 获取redis客户端
        
        # 5.写入redis(是字符串)
        redis_client.setex(uuid, 60 * 5, text)

        # 6.返回响应图片
        return HttpResponse(image, content_type='image/jpg')

5.测试验证码接口

http://192.168.56.100:8888/verify/image_codes/?uuid=66ea64aa-fbe6-11ea-a3d3-005056c00008

127.0.0.1:6379>#  select 2
OK
127.0.0.1:6379[2]>#  keys *
1) "66ea64aa-fbe6-11ea-a3d3-005056c00008"
127.0.0.1:6379[2]>#  get 66ea64aa-fbe6-11ea-a3d3-005056c00008
"JEZ6"

阿里云短信服务的使用

申请短信服务，领取免费短信，申请签名和模板

[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-ucMnByKt-1608679073503)(/Users/zhangpengpeng/jiyunedu/md文档汇总/小实训课件/2002B授课笔记/pic/短信领取.png)]

[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-jSEtg9ZY-1608679073505)(/Users/zhangpengpeng/jiyunedu/md文档汇总/小实训课件/2002B授课笔记/pic/签名和模板.png)]

[外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-xBnmePzC-1608679073506)(/Users/zhangpengpeng/jiyunedu/md文档汇总/小实训课件/2002B授课笔记/pic/添加签名和模板.png)]

封装发短信代码utils/MyBaseView.py

from aliyunsdkcore.client import AcsClient
from aliyunsdkcore.request import CommonRequest
from code2001B.settings import ALY_ACCESSKEY_ID,ALY_ACCESSKEY_SECRET,QINIU_ID,QINIU_SECRET,SHAZFB_APPID,SHA_RETURN_URL,SHA_URL


def send_sms(phone,data):

    client = AcsClient(ALY_ACCESSKEY_ID, ALY_ACCESSKEY_SECRET, 'cn-hangzhou')

    #data ={ "code" : 123456 }

    request = CommonRequest()
    request.set_accept_format('json')
    request.set_domain('dysmsapi.aliyuncs.com')
    request.set_method('POST')
    request.set_protocol_type('https')  # https | http
    request.set_version('2017-05-25')
    request.set_action_name('SendSms')

    request.add_query_param('RegionId', "cn-hangzhou")
    request.add_query_param('PhoneNumbers', phone)
    request.add_query_param('SignName', "美多商城")
    request.add_query_param('TemplateCode', "SMS_185212884")
    request.add_query_param('TemplateParam', data)

    response1 = client.do_action(request)
    # python2:  print(response)
    res =  json.loads(str(response1, encoding='utf-8'))

短信发送和验证的逻辑

from rest_framework.views import APIView
from rest_framework.response import Response
from libs.captcha.captcha import captcha
from django_redis import get_redis_connection
from django.http.response import HttpResponse
import random
from verificationsapp.tasks import send_sms
from django_redis import get_redis_connection

class SendSMSCode(APIView):
    def post(self,request):
        phone = request.data.get("phone")
        image_code = request.data.get("image_code")
        image_code_uuid = request.data.get("image_code_uuid")

        print(phone)
        print(image_code_uuid)
        print(image_code)

        if not all([phone,image_code,image_code_uuid]):
            return Response({"code":4005,"msg":"参数不全"})

        #先获取redis 里的图片验证码来比对

        redis_cli = get_redis_connection("img_code")

        redis_img_code = redis_cli.get(image_code_uuid).decode()

        print(redis_img_code)
        print(image_code)

        if image_code.lower() != redis_img_code.lower():
            return Response({"code":4003,"msg":"参数错误"})

        #发送短信

        num = random.randint(100000,999999)
        print(num)
        send_data = {"code":10086}


        # send_sms.delay(phone,send_data)

        # 删除redis里的image_code,保存phone_code

        #pipeline管道：作用就是把多个命令放在一起来执行
        pl = redis_cli.pipeline()
        pl.setex(phone,60*5,num)
        pl.delete(image_code_uuid)
        pl.execute()

        return Response({"code":0,"msg":"发送成功"})

pipeline原理

1.1 redis发送数据原理

Redis是建立在TCP协议基础上的CS架构，客户端client对redis server采取请求响应的方式交互。
一般来说客户端从提交请求到得到服务器相应，需要传送两个tcp报文。
设想这样的一个场景，你要批量的执行一系列redis命令，例如执行100次get key，这时你要向redis请求100次+获取响应100次。如果能一次性将100个请求提交给redis server，执行完成之后批量的获取相应，只需要向redis请求1次，然后批量执行完命令，一次性结果，性能是不是会好很多呢？