Led点亮之时----激动

离第一篇日志已经隔了蛮几天了.别说我更新的慢,不是我更新慢,是我一直都没时间看书学习的.忘了说下.我还是在校生.平时要上课,打工,去实验室弄STC单片机.所以今天我经过好长时间的准备加上下午的奋斗,我终于把LED给点亮了..现在回想起来,那真是坎坷的.为了这个灯,前几天心情不好,还跟我朋友吵架呢.

言归正传,说说我是怎么点亮这个LED的吧.

其实最烦的是写驱动,驱动部分跟我介绍的第一篇差别不大,主要是对文件的ioctl跟read write这些函数的改写.字符驱动最终都是被用户进程作为文件来操作的.

下面我就之争对主要部分进行讲解吧.最后按照规矩贴出全部代码:

首先,我为了防止多个进程对设备进行控制,依旧采用了计数的方法打开驱动设备:

int Led_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp) { struct Led_dev *dev; if(Led_inc > 0)return -ERESTARTSYS; Led_inc++; dev = container_of(inode->i_cdev, struct Led_dev, cdev); filp->private_data = dev; unsigned int ledstatic = __raw_readl(S3C64XX_GPMCON); ledstatic = ledstatic & 0xFFFF0000; ledstatic = ledstatic | 0x00001111; __raw_writel( ledstatic,S3C64XX_GPMCON ); return 0; }

接着是与open对应的释放(关闭设备)的函数代码.其实内部就是减少计数值而已:

int Led_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp) { Led_inc--; return 0; }

最后一个就是控制函数的代码了,这部分代码就是关键的点亮与熄灭的重点了.先看看代码,然后分析

int Led_ioctl(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg) { unsigned int ledstatic; switch( cmd ) { case LED_OPEN: ledstatic = __raw_readl(S3C64XX_GPMDAT); ledstatic = ledstatic & (~0x0000001F); ledstatic = ledstatic | 0x000000000; __raw_writel( ledstatic,S3C64XX_GPMDAT); break; case LED_CLOSE: ledstatic = __raw_readl(S3C64XX_GPMDAT); ledstatic = ledstatic & (~0x0000001F); ledstatic = ledstatic | 0x00000001F; __raw_writel( ledstatic,S3C64XX_GPMDAT); break; default: return -1; } return 0; }

到这全部重点知识就差不多了.在arm-linux驱动开发中,gpio的地址都是被映射的说,在linux中对gpio进行管脚定义的.所谓的 虚拟地址对物理地址的映射.在arm体系中,外设i/o端口具有与内存相同的物理地址,这样的方式是内存映射方式,

在内存映射方式下,外设的i/o内存资源的物理地址是已知的,由硬件设计决定,但是CPU通常并没有为这些已知的外设i/o内存资源的物理地址预定义虚拟地址范围,驱动程序并不能直接通过物理地址访问i/o内存资源,而必须将它们映射到核心虚拟地

址空间内(通过页表),然后才能根据映射得到的核心虚地址范围通过方位内指令访问这些i/o内存资源.Linux在io.h头文件中声明了函数ioremap(),用来将i/o内存资源的物理地址映射到核心虚地址(3GB~4GB)中,原型:

void* ioremap(unsigned long phys_addr,unsigned long size,unsigned long flags); //物理地址映射到核心虚地址空间

void iounmap(void *addr); //取消ioremap所做的地址映射

将这些地址映射之后,理论上就可以直接通过读写这些i/o资源就可以操作了,但为了保证驱动程序的可移植性,使用linux特定的函数访问i/o内存资源.

static unsigned char __raw_readb(unsigned int ptr); //从指定地址处读取一个char static unsigned int __raw_readl(unsigned int ptr); //从指定地址处读取一个int static void __raw_writeb(unsigned char value, unsigned int ptr); //将一个char写入指定的地址 static void __raw_writel(unsigned int value, unsigned int ptr); //将一个int写入指定的地址

 

 

---

 

 

下面是示例代码:

//#include <linux/kernel.h> //#include <linux/errno.h> //错误类型定义 //#include <linux/types.h> //#include <linux/fcntl.h> //#include <linux/version.h> //#include <linux/vmalloc.h> //#include <linux/ctype.h> //#include <linux/pagemap.h> #include <linux/module.h> //模块头文件 #include <linux/fs.h> //接口函数定义 #include <linux/cdev.h> //设备操作头文件 #include <../arch/arm/plat-s3c64xx/include/plat/regs-gpio.h> //gpio-base 定义 #define S3C64XX_GPMCON (S3C64XX_GPM_BASE + 0x00) #define S3C64XX_GPMDAT (S3C64XX_GPM_BASE + 0x04) #define S3C64XX_GPMPUD (S3C64XX_GPM_BASE + 0x08) MODULE_AUTHOR("fgj"); MODULE_LICENSE("Dual BSD/GPL"); #define LED_MAJOR 200 //主设备号 #define LED_OPEN 1 //打开LED #define LED_CLOSE 2 //关闭LED int Led_init_module(void); void Led_cleanup_module(void); int Led_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp); int Led_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp); ssize_t Led_read(struct file *filp, char __user *buf, size_t count, loff_t *f_pos); ssize_t Led_write(struct file *filp, const char __user *buf, size_t count, loff_t *f_pos); int Led_ioctl(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg); static unsigned char __raw_readb(unsigned int ptr); static unsigned int __raw_readl(unsigned int ptr); static void __raw_writeb(unsigned char value, unsigned int ptr); static void __raw_writel(unsigned int value, unsigned int ptr); struct Led_dev { struct cdev cdev; }; struct file_operations Led_fops = { .owner = THIS_MODULE, .read = Led_read, .write = Led_write, .ioctl = Led_ioctl, .open = Led_open, .release = Led_release, }; struct Led_dev *Led_devices; //设备结构体指针 int Led_inc = 0; //使用计数器 static int Led_major = LED_MAJOR; //主设备号 int Led_init_module(void) { int result; dev_t dev = 0; dev = MKDEV(Led_major,0); if( Led_major ){ //根据Led_major 来获取设备号 result = register_chrdev_region(dev,1,"LED"); } else { result = alloc_chrdev_region(&dev,0,1,"LED"); //自动获取设备号 Led_major = MAJOR(dev); //保存设备号 } if( result < 0 ){ //设备错误输出调试 printk(KERN_WARNING "Led:can't get major %d/n",Led_major); return result; } //分配Led_dev,该结构是自定义的 Led_devices = kmalloc(sizeof(struct Led_dev),GFP_KERNEL); if(!Led_devices){ printk(KERN_NOTICE "Error %d kamlloc memory/n",result); Led_cleanup_module(); return -ENOMEM; } memset( Led_devices,0,sizeof( struct Led_dev ) ); //初始化一个字符驱动 cdev_init(&Led_devices->cdev,&Led_fops); Led_devices->cdev.owner = THIS_MODULE; Led_devices->cdev.ops = &Led_fops; //向内核添加字符设备 result = cdev_add(&Led_devices->cdev,dev,1); if( result < 0 ) { printk(KERN_NOTICE "Error %d adding Led/n",result); Led_cleanup_module(); return -ENOMEM; } printk(KERN_NOTICE "Successfully init_module Led/n"); return 0; } void Led_cleanup_module(void) { dev_t devno = MKDEV( Led_major,0 ); //删除键盘 if( Led_devices ) { cdev_del(&Led_devices->cdev); kfree(Led_devices); } //释放设备号 unregister_chrdev_region(devno,1); printk(KERN_NOTICE "Successfully cleanup_module Led/n"); } module_init(Led_init_module); module_exit(Led_cleanup_module); int Led_open(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp) { struct Led_dev *dev; if(Led_inc > 0)return -ERESTARTSYS; Led_inc++; dev = container_of(inode->i_cdev, struct Led_dev, cdev); filp->private_data = dev; unsigned int ledstatic = __raw_readl(S3C64XX_GPMCON); ledstatic = ledstatic & 0xFFFF0000; ledstatic = ledstatic | 0x00001111; __raw_writel( ledstatic,S3C64XX_GPMCON ); return 0; } int Led_release(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp) { Led_inc--; return 0; } ssize_t Led_read(struct file *filp, char __user *buf, size_t count, loff_t *f_pos) { return 0; } ssize_t Led_write(struct file *filp, const char __user *buf, size_t count, loff_t *f_pos) { return 0; } loff_t Led_llseek(struct file *filp, loff_t off, int whence) { return 0; } int Led_ioctl(struct inode *inode, struct file *filp, unsigned int cmd, unsigned long arg) { unsigned int ledstatic; switch( cmd ) { case LED_OPEN: ledstatic = __raw_readl(S3C64XX_GPMDAT); ledstatic = ledstatic & (~0x0000001F); ledstatic = ledstatic | 0x000000000; __raw_writel( ledstatic,S3C64XX_GPMDAT); break; case LED_CLOSE: ledstatic = __raw_readl(S3C64XX_GPMDAT); ledstatic = ledstatic & (~0x0000001F); ledstatic = ledstatic | 0x00000001F; __raw_writel( ledstatic,S3C64XX_GPMDAT); break; default: return -1; } return 0; } static unsigned char __raw_readb(unsigned int ptr) { return *((volatile unsigned char *)ptr); } static unsigned int __raw_readl(unsigned int ptr) { return *((volatile unsigned int *)ptr); } static void __raw_writeb(unsigned char value, unsigned int ptr) { *((volatile unsigned char *)ptr) = value; } static void __raw_writel(unsigned int value, unsigned int ptr) { *((volatile unsigned int *)ptr) = value; } 

 

 

 

---

---

 

 

下面是测试代码:

#include <sys/types.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <fcntl.h> #include <linux/rtc.h> #include <linux/ioctl.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <time.h> #define LED_OPEN 1 #define LED_CLOSE 2 int main() { int fd; int i; char data[256]; int retval; fd = open("/dev/led",O_RDWR); if(fd==-1) { perror("error open/n"); exit(-1); } printf("open /dev/smbus successfully/n"); retval=ioctl(fd,LED_OPEN,0); if(retval==-1) { perror("ioctl error/n"); exit(-1); } printf("send LED_OPEN successfully/n"); sleep(10); retval=ioctl(fd,LED_CLOSE,0); if(retval==-1) { perror("ioctl error/n"); exit(-1); } printf("send LED_CLOSE successfully/n"); close(fd); return 0; }

 

这就是我整个下午的研究成果了,希望能让跟我一样的新手么,得到帮助,少走弯路.....加油