什么要用Fragment?使用Fragment可以在一个Activity中实现不同的界面。Fragment与Fragment之间的动画切换,远比Activity与Activity之间的动画切换变化方式多。很多时候,我们通过使用一个Activity,切换多个Fragment。本次博客,主要列举一下Fragment与它的Activity之间进行数据交换的方式。
1.Fragment中通过getActivity()然后进行强制转化,调用Activity中的公有方法
((XXXXActivity)getActivity()).fun();
2.Activity在切换Fragment的时候,通过setArguments向Fragment传递参数,Fragment通过getArguments();获得从activity中传递过来的值
3.Activity实现一个接口,Fragment在onAttach方法中,将该Activity转化为该接口,在需要调用的时候回调。
注意:本Demo是通过FragmentManager来管理Fragment的,通过FragmentManager管理,我们创建Fragment和销毁Fragment的时候,可以通过栈的方式:
a.FragmentTransaction的add方法,添加一个Fragment
b.FragmentTransaction的popBackStack()弹出该Fragment
演示实例:
fragment1.xml
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<relativelayout xmlns:android= "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools= "http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width= "match_parent" android:layout_height= "match_parent" android:background= "#FFFFFFFF" android:paddingbottom= "@dimen/activity_vertical_margin" android:paddingleft= "@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin" android:paddingright= "@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin" android:paddingtop= "@dimen/activity_vertical_margin" tools:context= "com.example.testfragment.MainActivity$PlaceholderFragment" >
<textview android:id= "@+id/tv" android:layout_width= "wrap_content" android:layout_height= "wrap_content" android:layout_alignparenttop= "true" android:text= "fragment1" >
<button android:id= "@+id/btn" android:layout_width= "wrap_content" android:layout_height= "wrap_content" android:layout_below= "@id/tv" android:text= "跳转到Fragment2" >
</button></textview></relativelayout>
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MyFragment1.java
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/*
* $filename: MyFragment.java,v $
* $Date: 2014-5-16 $
* Copyright (C) ZhengHaibo, Inc. All rights reserved.
* This software is Made by Zhenghaibo.
*/
package com.example.testfragment;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.Button;
/*
*@author: ZhengHaibo
*mail: zhb931706659@126.com
*2014-5-16 Nanjing,njupt,China
*/
public class MyFragment1 extends Fragment {
FragmentCallBack fragmentCallBack = null ;
Button btn;
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
Bundle savedInstanceState) {
View rootView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment1, container,
false );
btn = (Button)rootView.findViewById(R.id.btn);
btn.setOnClickListener( new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
fragmentCallBack.callbackFun1( null );
}
});
return rootView;
}
@Override
public void onAttach(Activity activity) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super .onAttach(activity);
fragmentCallBack = (MainActivity)activity;
}
}
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fragment2.xml
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<relativelayout xmlns:android= "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools= "http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width= "match_parent" android:layout_height= "match_parent" android:background= "#FFFFFFFF" android:paddingbottom= "@dimen/activity_vertical_margin" android:paddingleft= "@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin" android:paddingright= "@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin" android:paddingtop= "@dimen/activity_vertical_margin" tools:context= "com.example.testfragment.MainActivity$PlaceholderFragment" >
<textview android:id= "@+id/tv" android:layout_width= "wrap_content" android:layout_height= "wrap_content" android:layout_alignparenttop= "true" android:text= "fragment2" >
<button android:id= "@+id/btn1" android:layout_width= "wrap_content" android:layout_height= "wrap_content" android:layout_below= "@id/tv" android:text= "直接调用Activity" >
</button><button android:id= "@+id/btn2" android:layout_width= "wrap_content" android:layout_height= "wrap_content" android:layout_below= "@id/btn1" android:text= "回调Activity" >
</button></textview></relativelayout>
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/*
* $filename: MyFragment.java,v $
* $Date: 2014-5-16 $
* Copyright (C) ZhengHaibo, Inc. All rights reserved.
* This software is Made by Zhenghaibo.
*/
package com.example.testfragment;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.Toast;
/*
*@author: ZhengHaibo
*mail: zhb931706659@126.com
*2014-5-16 Nanjing,njupt,China
*/
public class MyFragment2 extends Fragment {
FragmentCallBack fragmentCallBack = null ;
Button btn1;
Button btn2;
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, ViewGroup container,
Bundle savedInstanceState) {
View rootView = inflater.inflate(R.layout.fragment2, container,
false );
Bundle data = getArguments(); //获得从activity中传递过来的值
Toast.makeText(getActivity(), data.getString( "TEXT" ), Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
btn1 = (Button)rootView.findViewById(R.id.btn1);
btn1.setOnClickListener( new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
// 直接调用Activity中的方法
((MainActivity)getActivity()).changeButtonColor();
}
});
btn2 = (Button)rootView.findViewById(R.id.btn2);
btn2.setOnClickListener( new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
// 回调的方式
fragmentCallBack.callbackFun2( null );
}
});
return rootView;
}
@Override
public void onAttach(Activity activity) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super .onAttach(activity);
fragmentCallBack = (MainActivity)activity;
}
}
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回调接口:
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/*
* $filename: FragmentCallBack.java,v $
* $Date: 2014-5-16 $
* Copyright (C) ZhengHaibo, Inc. All rights reserved.
* This software is Made by Zhenghaibo.
*/
package com.example.testfragment;
import android.os.Bundle;
/*
*@author: ZhengHaibo
*mail: zhb931706659@126.com
*2014-5-16 Nanjing,njupt,China
*/
public interface FragmentCallBack {
public void callbackFun1(Bundle arg);
public void callbackFun2(Bundle arg);
}
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main.xml
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<relativelayout xmlns:android= "http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" xmlns:tools= "http://schemas.android.com/tools" android:layout_width= "match_parent" android:layout_height= "match_parent" android:paddingbottom= "@dimen/activity_vertical_margin" android:paddingleft= "@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin" android:paddingright= "@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin" android:paddingtop= "@dimen/activity_vertical_margin" >
<button android:id= "@+id/btn" android:layout_width= "match_parent" android:layout_height= "wrap_content" android:layout_alignparentbottom= "true" android:text= "切换" >
<relativelayout android:id= "@+id/rl_container" android:layout_width= "match_parent" android:layout_height= "wrap_content" android:layout_above= "@id/btn" >
</relativelayout></button></relativelayout>
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MainActivity.java
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package com.example.testfragment;
import android.graphics.Color;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.support.v4.app.Fragment;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentManager;
import android.support.v4.app.FragmentTransaction;
import android.support.v7.app.ActionBarActivity;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
public class MainActivity extends ActionBarActivity implements FragmentCallBack{
private Button btn;
private MyFragment1 fragment1;
private MyFragment2 fragment2;
private FragmentManager fragmentManager;
private Fragment currentFragment;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super .onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
fragmentManager = getSupportFragmentManager();
FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();
fragmentTransaction.setCustomAnimations(android.R.anim.fade_in, android.R.anim.fade_out);
fragment1 = new MyFragment1();
Bundle data = new Bundle();
data.putString( "TEXT" , "这是Activiy通过Bundle传递过来的值" );
fragment1.setArguments(data); //通过Bundle向Activity中传递值
fragmentTransaction.add(R.id.rl_container,fragment1); //将fragment1设置到布局上
fragmentTransaction.addToBackStack( null );
fragmentTransaction.commitAllowingStateLoss();
currentFragment = fragment1;
//初始化button控件
btn = (Button)findViewById(R.id.btn);
btn.setOnClickListener( new OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
if (currentFragment instanceof MyFragment1){
switchFragment();
} else { //当前是fragment2,因此,只需要将fragment2出栈即可变成fragment1
fragmentManager.popBackStack();
currentFragment = fragment1;
}
}
});
}
/**
* 切换Fragment
*/
private void switchFragment(){
if ( null == fragment2){ //可以避免切换的时候重复创建
fragment2 = new MyFragment2();
}
Bundle data = new Bundle();
data.putString( "TEXT" , "传递给fragment2" );
fragment2.setArguments(data);
FragmentTransaction fragmentTransaction = fragmentManager.beginTransaction();
fragmentTransaction.setCustomAnimations(android.R.anim.fade_in, android.R.anim.fade_out);
fragmentTransaction.add(R.id.rl_container,fragment2);
fragmentTransaction.addToBackStack( null );
fragmentTransaction.commitAllowingStateLoss();
currentFragment = fragment2;
}
public void changeButtonColor(){
btn.setBackgroundColor(Color.RED);
}
@Override
public void callbackFun1(Bundle arg) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
switchFragment(); //通过回调方式切换
}
@Override
public void callbackFun2(Bundle arg) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
changeButtonColor(); //通过回调方式调用Activity中的方法
}
}
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初始画面
切换到第二个Fragment之后,通过Fragment2回调,改变按钮背景后的截图。
注意:
1.直接在Fragment中通过getActivity然后强转Activity的方式调用Activity的方法,这个方式不推荐!因为这会使Fragment的适配性变差。
解决方法:在使用之前,使用instanceof 判断一下Activity的类型
2.FragmentTransaction通过使用setCustomAnimations方法,可以为Fragment的切换增添各种不同的动画。变化方式远比Activity与Activity之间的切换动画要多。
3.多个Fragment之间,可以通过Activity复用很多代码,提高效率。
4.我们还可以通过ViewPager来管理Fragment,通过Adapter添加多个Fragment,然后通过setcurrentitem进行切换。我们同样可以通过setArguments向Fragment传递数据。