使用Qt 编写一个简单的串口助手

一、前言

相对来说，Qt编写串口助手，已经比较烂大街了，但是用来qt入门还是可以的，接下来上代码。

二、结构

三、代码

1.MainWindow.h

#ifndef MAINWINDOW_H
#define MAINWINDOW_H

#include <QMainWindow>
#include <QtSerialPort/qserialport.h>
#include <QtSerialPort/qserialportinfo.h>
namespace Ui {
class MainWindow;
}

class MainWindow : public QMainWindow
{
    Q_OBJECT

public:
    explicit MainWindow(QWidget *parent = 0);
    ~MainWindow();

private slots:
    void on_btnSendData_clicked();

    void on_btnOpenPort_clicked();

    void on_btnClosePort_clicked();
    void readData();

private:
    QSerialPort *m_serialPort;
    Ui::MainWindow *ui;
    void updatePortList();
};

#endif // MAINWINDOW_H

2.MainWindow.c

#include "mainwindow.h"
#include "ui_mainwindow.h"
#include <QDateTime>

MainWindow::MainWindow(QWidget *parent) :
    QMainWindow(parent),
    ui(new Ui::MainWindow)
{
    ui->setupUi(this);
    updatePortList();
    setWindowTitle("Serial Assistant");
}

MainWindow::~MainWindow()
{
    delete ui;
}

void MainWindow::on_btnSendData_clicked()
{
    QString sendData = ui->lineSend->text();
    QDateTime current_date_time = QDateTime::currentDateTime();
    QString current_date = current_date_time.toString("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss");
    ui->textBrowserDisplay->append(current_date);
    m_serialPort->write(sendData.toLocal8Bit());
    ui->textBrowserDisplay->append("send: "+sendData);
}
void MainWindow::updatePortList()
{
    foreach (const QSerialPortInfo info, QSerialPortInfo::availablePorts()) {
        QSerialPort serial;
        serial.setPort(info);
        if(serial.open(QIODevice::ReadWrite))
       {
           ui->comboBoxPort->addItem(serial.portName());
           serial.close();
       }
    }
}

void MainWindow::on_btnOpenPort_clicked()
{
    // 设置串口名
    m_serialPort = new QSerialPort;
    QString portNumber = ui->comboBoxPort->currentText();
    m_serialPort->setPortName(portNumber);
    // 打开串口(以读写方式)

    if(m_serialPort->open(QIODevice::ReadWrite))
    {
        switch(ui->comboxBaudRate->currentIndex()){
            case 0 :m_serialPort->setBaudRate( QSerialPort::Baud1200);break;
            case 1 :m_serialPort->setBaudRate( QSerialPort::Baud2400);break;
            case 2 :m_serialPort->setBaudRate( QSerialPort::Baud4800);break;
            case 3 :m_serialPort->setBaudRate( QSerialPort::Baud9600);break;
            case 4 :m_serialPort->setBaudRate( QSerialPort::Baud19200);break;
            case 5 :m_serialPort->setBaudRate( QSerialPort::Baud38400);break;
            case 6 :m_serialPort->setBaudRate( QSerialPort::Baud57600);break;
            case 7 :m_serialPort->setBaudRate( QSerialPort::Baud115200);break;
        default:m_serialPort->setBaudRate( QSerialPort::Baud9600) ;break;
        }
        switch(ui->comboxDatabit->currentIndex()){
            case 0 :m_serialPort->setDataBits( QSerialPort::Data5);break;
            case 1 :m_serialPort->setDataBits( QSerialPort::Data6) ;break;
            case 2 :m_serialPort->setDataBits( QSerialPort::Data7) ;break;
            case 3 :m_serialPort->setDataBits( QSerialPort::Data8 );break;
        default:m_serialPort->setDataBits( QSerialPort::Data8) ;break;
        }
        switch(ui->comboxCheckBit->currentIndex()){
            case 1:m_serialPort->setParity( QSerialPort::EvenParity);break;
            case 2:m_serialPort->setParity( QSerialPort::OddParity) ;break;
            case 3:m_serialPort->setParity( QSerialPort::SpaceParity) ;break;
            case 4:m_serialPort->setParity( QSerialPort::MarkParity );break;
        default:m_serialPort->setParity( QSerialPort::NoParity) ;break;
        }
        switch(ui->comboxStopBit->currentIndex()){
            case 0:m_serialPort->setStopBits(QSerialPort::OneStop);break;
            case 1:m_serialPort->setStopBits(QSerialPort::OneAndHalfStop );break;
            case 2:m_serialPort->setStopBits( QSerialPort::TwoStop );break;
        default:m_serialPort->setStopBits( QSerialPort::OneStop );break;
        }
        m_serialPort->setFlowControl( QSerialPort::NoFlowControl ); // 设置流控制(无数据流控制)
        QDateTime current_date_time = QDateTime::currentDateTime();
        QString current_date = current_date_time.toString("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss");
        ui->textBrowserDisplay->append(current_date);
        ui->textBrowserDisplay->append("open "+portNumber+" successful!");
        // 当下位机中有数据发送过来时就会响应这个槽函数
        connect(m_serialPort, SIGNAL(readyRead()), this, SLOT(readData()));
    }

}

void MainWindow::on_btnClosePort_clicked()
{
    if(m_serialPort!=NULL){
        m_serialPort->close();
        delete m_serialPort;
        QDateTime current_date_time = QDateTime::currentDateTime();
        QString current_date = current_date_time.toString("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss");
        ui->textBrowserDisplay->append(current_date);
        ui->textBrowserDisplay->append("close "+ui->comboBoxPort->currentText()+" successful!");
    }
}
void MainWindow::readData()
{
    QDateTime current_date_time = QDateTime::currentDateTime();
    QString current_date = current_date_time.toString("yyyy-MM-dd hh:mm:ss");
    ui->textBrowserDisplay->append(current_date);
    QString readData = QString::fromLocal8Bit(m_serialPort->readAll());
    ui->textBrowserDisplay->append("receive: "+readData);
}

3.main

#include "mainwindow.h"
#include <QApplication>

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    QApplication a(argc, argv);
    MainWindow w;
    w.show();

    return a.exec();
}

4.pro文件

#-------------------------------------------------
#
# Project created by QtCreator 2020-07-16T20:48:01
#
#-------------------------------------------------

QT       += core gui
QT += serialport

greaterThan(QT_MAJOR_VERSION, 4): QT += widgets

TARGET = SerialAssistant
TEMPLATE = app

# The following define makes your compiler emit warnings if you use
# any feature of Qt which has been marked as deprecated (the exact warnings
# depend on your compiler). Please consult the documentation of the
# deprecated API in order to know how to port your code away from it.
DEFINES += QT_DEPRECATED_WARNINGS

# You can also make your code fail to compile if you use deprecated APIs.
# In order to do so, uncomment the following line.
# You can also select to disable deprecated APIs only up to a certain version of Qt.
#DEFINES += QT_DISABLE_DEPRECATED_BEFORE=0x060000    # disables all the APIs deprecated before Qt 6.0.0


SOURCES += \
        main.cpp \
        mainwindow.cpp

HEADERS += \
        mainwindow.h

FORMS += \
        mainwindow.ui

5.ui文件

这个文件就 没必要放了，大家看图就能画出来了。

四、效果

图一：启动界面

图二：

这里注意：我使用了串口虚拟工具：VSPD。
com2和com1是一对连在一起的串口。
所以只要同时打开com1、com2，两者就可以互相发数据。
VSPD 下载地址： https://www.cr173.com/soft/21406.html
下载的时候不要下载错，点击普通下载地址，注意观察文件名后缀是.zip格式的
这个工具会直接虚拟出串口，每次虚拟一队，一个发送的数据，另一个可以接收到

五、最后

MFC、Qt、Swing，三者各有千秋，但是在实现串口助手这方面，无疑是Qt和MFC略胜一筹，毕竟在设计底层硬件上的东西，java做的还是差一点。当然，如果我说的有什么不对的地方，还请多多包涵，晚安。