linux第16周

ssh config file and key file analysis.

SSH 客户端配置文件： /etc/ssh/ssh_config

[root@WOM ~]# cat  /etc/ssh/ssh_config
#   $OpenBSD: ssh_config,v 1.25 2009/02/17 01:28:32 djm Exp $

# This is the ssh client system-wide configuration file.  See
# ssh_config(5) for more information.  This file provides defaults for
# users, and the values can be changed in per-user configuration files
# or on the command line.

# Configuration data is parsed as follows:
#  1. command line options
#  2. user-specific file
#  3. system-wide file
# Any configuration value is only changed the first time it is set.
# Thus, host-specific definitions should be at the beginning of the
# configuration file, and defaults at the end.

# Site-wide defaults for some commonly used options.  For a comprehensive
# list of available options, their meanings and defaults, please see the
# ssh_config(5) man page.

# Host *
#   ForwardAgent no
#   ForwardX11 no
#   RhostsRSAAuthentication no
#   RSAAuthentication yes
#   PasswordAuthentication yes
#   HostbasedAuthentication no
#   GSSAPIAuthentication no
#   GSSAPIDelegateCredentials no
#   GSSAPIKeyExchange no
#   GSSAPITrustDNS no
#   BatchMode no
#   CheckHostIP yes
#   AddressFamily any
#   ConnectTimeout 0
#   StrictHostKeyChecking ask
#   IdentityFile ~/.ssh/identity
#   IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_rsa
#   IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_dsa
#   Port 22
#   Protocol 2,1
#   Cipher 3des
#   Ciphers aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc
#   MACs hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,umac-64@openssh.com,hmac-ripemd160
#   EscapeChar ~
#   Tunnel no
#   TunnelDevice any:any
#   PermitLocalCommand no
#   VisualHostKey no
Host *
    GSSAPIAuthentication yes
# If this option is set to yes then remote X11 clients will have full access
# to the original X11 display. As virtually no X11 client supports the untrusted
# mode correctly we set this to yes.
    ForwardX11Trusted yes
# Send locale-related environment variables
    SendEnv LANG LC_CTYPE LC_NUMERIC LC_TIME LC_COLLATE LC_MONETARY LC_MESSAGES
    SendEnv LC_PAPER LC_NAME LC_ADDRESS LC_TELEPHONE LC_MEASUREMENT
    SendEnv LC_IDENTIFICATION LC_ALL LANGUAGE
    SendEnv XMODIFIERS

配置 SSH 免密码登录
配置1：ssh免密钥登录设置
客户端配置 – 服务器1
1.查看~/.ssh文件夹,若已经存在有公钥文件(id_rsa.pub),私钥文件(id_rsa),则可以跳过客户端配置.
2.生成密钥文件.
$ ssh-keygen
然后一路回车.
然后~/.ssh下会生成id_rsa.pub和id_rsa, 其中id_rsa文件起到唯一标识你的客户机的作用.
注意:不要改这两个文件的文件名,ssh登陆时会读取id_rsa文件.
# 服务器配置 – 服务器2
1.修改sshd配置文件(/etc/ssh/sshd_config).
找到以下内容，并去掉注释符”#“
=========================
　　RSAAuthentication yes
　　PubkeyAuthentication yes
　　AuthorizedKeysFile  .ssh/authorized_keys
=========================
2.配置authorized_keys文件.
若’~/.ssh/authorized_keys’不存在,则建立.ssh文件夹和authorized_keys文件.
将上文中客户机id_rsa.pub的内容拷贝到authorized_keys中.
注意:
1) .ssh目录的权限必须是700
2) .ssh/authorized_keys文件权限必须是600
3.重启sshd.
$ /etc/init.d/sshd restart  # 非必需
# 测试
客户机执行:ssh -v user@host (-v 调试模式)
会显示一些登陆信息.

# 关键命令
chmod 700 ~/.ssh
chmod 600 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
/etc/init.d/sshd restart # 非必需