git学习记录2-----基本操作（1）

初始化仓库

初始化命令为 git init
首先新建一个文件夹作为仓库文件夹

R@R MINGW64 ~
$ mkdir gitlearn
R@R MINGW64 ~
$ cd gitlearn
R@R MINGW64 ~/gitlearn
$ git init
Initialized empty Git repository in C:/Users/R/gitlearn/.git/

初始化成功后，会在目录下生成**.git**文件

查看仓库的状态

命令为 git status

$ git status
On branch master

No commits yet

nothing to commit (create/copy files and use "git add" to track)

显示了没有可提交的内容，因此我们创建一个文件为提交做准备

R@R MINGW64 ~/gitlearn (master)
$ touch README.md

R@R MINGW64 ~/gitlearn (master)
$ git status
On branch master

No commits yet

Untracked files:
  (use "git add <file>..." to include in what will be committed)
        README.md

nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)

会提示变动的文件，并且显示我们没有将其添加到暂存区

向暂存区添加文件

命令git add

R@R MINGW64 ~/gitlearn (master)
$ git add README.md

R@R MINGW64 ~/gitlearn (master)
$ git status
On branch master

No commits yet

Changes to be committed:
  (use "git rm --cached <file>..." to unstage)
        new file:   README.md

可以看到状态变成了待提交

保存仓库的历史记录

命令git commit

R@R MINGW64 ~/gitlearn (master)
$ git commit -m "my first commit"
[master (root-commit) d07f69b] my first commit
 1 file changed, 0 insertions(+), 0 deletions(-)
 create mode 100644 README.md

-m后的信息是描述信息，用来描述提交记录，如果想写多一点的话，直接执行git commit不加后面的**-m**，会弹出编辑器，用来添加长描述
通常
在编辑器中记述提交信息的格式如下。
● 第一行：用一行文字简述提交的更改内容
● 第二行：空行
● 第三行以后：记述更改的原因和详细内容

如果不想提交了则
将提交信息留空并直接关闭编
辑器，随后提交就会被中止
查看提交后的状态

R@R MINGW64 ~/gitlearn (master)
$ git status
On branch master
nothing to commit, working tree clean

查看提交日志

命令为
git log查看以往的日志
git log --pretty=short只显示提交信息的第一行
git log 目录名/文件名查看特定目录或者文件的日志
git log -p查看提交日志和提交前后的差别

R@R MINGW64 ~/gitlearn (master)
$ git log
commit d07f69bc0e3f3d4268bd377f9585e80718756c62 (HEAD -> master)
Author: RR <xxxxxxxx@qq.com>
Date:   Sat Oct 22 18:15:55 2022 +0800

    my first commit

R@R MINGW64 ~/gitlearn (master)
$ git log --pretty=short
commit d07f69bc0e3f3d4268bd377f9585e80718756c62 (HEAD -> master)
Author: RR <xxxxxxxx@qq.com>

    my first commit

R@R MINGW64 ~/gitlearn (master)
$ git log README.md
commit d07f69bc0e3f3d4268bd377f9585e80718756c62 (HEAD -> master)
Author: RR <xxxxxxx@qq.com>
Date:   Sat Oct 22 18:15:55 2022 +0800

    my first commit

R@R MINGW64 ~/gitlearn (master)
$ git log -p
commit d07f69bc0e3f3d4268bd377f9585e80718756c62 (HEAD -> master)
Author: RR <97416032@qq.com>
Date:   Sat Oct 22 18:15:55 2022 +0800

    my first commit

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29

因为没更改所以没差别，下一次将记录查看差别

R@R MINGW64 ~/gitlearn (master)
$ git log -p README.md
commit d07f69bc0e3f3d4268bd377f9585e80718756c62 (HEAD -> master)
Author: RR <97416032@qq.com>
Date:   Sat Oct 22 18:15:55 2022 +0800

    my first commit

diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e69de29