SpringMVC目录:
SSM概念
SSM框架,是Spring + Spring MVC + MyBatis的缩写,这个是继SSH之后,目前比较主流的Java EE企业级框架,使用三层架构的编程思想,适用于搭建各种应用系统
三层架构:
-
表现层:SpringMVC框架
Spring MVC 分离了控制器、模型对象、分派器以及处理程序对象的角色,这种分离让它们更容易进行定制。 -
业务层:Spring框架
为了解决企业应用开发的复杂性而创建的一个开源框架,Spring使用基本的JavaBean来完成以前只可能由EJB完成的事情,是一个轻量级的控制反转(IoC)和面向切面(AOP)的容器框架 -
持久层:MyBatis框架
MyBatis是一个基于Java的持久层框架,它消除了几乎所有的JDBC代码和参数的手工设置以及结果集的检索。MyBatis使用简单的XML或注解用于配置和原始映射,将接口和Java的POJOs(Plain Old Java Objects,普通的 Java对象)映射成数据库中的记录。
SSM环境准备
1.创建数据库和表结构
create database ssm;
use ssm;
create table account(
id int primary key auto_increment,
name varchar(100),
money double(7,2),
);
2.创建 Maven 工程
3.在pom.xml中导入坐标并建立依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>org.example</groupId>
<artifactId>day03_SSM</artifactId>
<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
<packaging>war</packaging>
<name>day03_SSM Maven Webapp</name>
<!-- FIXME change it to the project's website -->
<url>http://www.example.com</url>
<properties>
<project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
<maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
<maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
<spring.version>5.0.2.RELEASE</spring.version>
<slf4j.version>1.6.6</slf4j.version>
<log4j.version>1.2.12</log4j.version>
<mysql.version>8.0.11</mysql.version>
<mybatis.version>3.4.5</mybatis.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<!-- spring -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.aspectj</groupId><!--AOP相关技术-->
<artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId>
<version>1.6.8</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId><!--AOP的jar包-->
<artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId><!--容器-->
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId><!--web-->
<artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId><!--webmvc-->
<artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId><!--单元测试-->
<artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId><!--事务-->
<artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId><!--jdbc模板-->
<artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>
<version>${spring.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId><!--单元测试-->
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId><!--mysql驱动-->
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>${mysql.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet</groupId><!--servlet-->
<artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
<version>2.5</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId><!--jsp-->
<artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
<version>2.0</version>
<scope>provided</scope>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>jstl</groupId><!--页面jl、el表达式-->
<artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
<version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<!-- log start -->
<dependency>
<groupId>log4j</groupId><!--日志-->
<artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
<version>${log4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- log end -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>${mybatis.version}</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId><!--Mybatis整合Spring-->
<version>1.3.0</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>c3p0</groupId><!--c3p0连接池-->
<artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
<version>0.9.1.2</version>
<type>jar</type>
<scope>compile</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<build>
<finalName>day03_SSM</finalName>
<pluginManagement><!-- lock down plugins versions to avoid using Maven defaults (may be moved to parent pom) -->
<plugins>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.1.0</version>
</plugin>
<!-- see http://maven.apache.org/ref/current/maven-core/default-bindings.html#Plugin_bindings_for_war_packaging -->
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.0.2</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.8.0</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.22.1</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
<version>3.2.2</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.5.2</version>
</plugin>
<plugin>
<artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
<version>2.8.2</version>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</pluginManagement>
</build>
</project>
4.项目结构搭建:
编写Account实体类
/**
* @Author: Ly
* @Date: 2020-09-29 21:14
*/
public class Account implements Serializable {
private Integer id;
private String name;
private Double money;
public Integer getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Integer id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public Double getMoney() {
return money;
}
public void setMoney(Double money) {
this.money = money;
}
@Override
public String toString() {
return "Account{" +
"id=" + id +
", name='" + name + '\'' +
", money=" + money +
'}';
}
}
编写业务层接口
/**
* @Author: Ly
* @Date: 2020-09-29 21:18
*/
public interface AccountService {
//查询所有账户
public List<Account> findAll();
//保存账户信息
public void saveAccount(Account account);
}
整合Spring与SpringMVC
测试Spring框架在web工程中独立运行
第一步:编写 spring 配置文件并导入约束applicationContext.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!--开启注解扫描,希望处理service和dao,controller不需要spring框架来处理-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.ly">
<!--配置那些注解不扫描-->
<context:exclude-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
</context:component-scan>
</beans>
第二步:使用注解配置业务层
/**
* @Author: Ly
* @Date: 2020-09-29 21:19
*/
@Service("accountService")
public class AccountServiceImpl implements AccountService {
@Override
public List<Account> findAll() {
System.out.println("业务层:查询所有账户");
return null;
}
@Override
public void saveAccount(Account account) {
System.out.println("业务层:保存账户");
}
}
第三步:测试Spring
/**
* @Author: Ly
* @Date: 2020-09-29 21:33
*/
public class TestSpring {
@Test
public void run1(){
//加载配置文件applicationContext.xml
ApplicationContext ac=new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("classpath:applicationContext.xml");
//获取对象
AccountService as=(AccountService)ac.getBean("accountService");
//调用方法
as.findAll();
}
}
测试SpringMVC在web工程中独立运行
第一步:在 web.xml 中配置核心控制器(DispatcherServlet)
<!DOCTYPE web-app PUBLIC
"-//Sun Microsystems, Inc.//DTD Web Application 2.3//EN"
"http://java.sun.com/dtd/web-app_2_3.dtd" >
<web-app>
<display-name>Archetype Created Web Application</display-name>
<!--配置前端控制器-->
<servlet>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
<!--加载springmvc.xml配置文件-->
<init-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:springmvc.xml</param-value>
</init-param>
<!--启动服务器,创建servlet-->
<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
<servlet-name>dispatcherServlet</servlet-name>
<url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<!--解决中文乱码的过滤器-->
<filter>
<filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
<init-param>
<param-name>encoding</param-name>
<param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
</init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
<filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name>
<url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
</web-app>
第二步:编写 SpringMVC 的配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!-- 配置创建 spring 容器要扫描的包 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.ly">
<!--制定扫包规则 ,只扫描使用@Controller注解的JAVA类 -->
<context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller" />
</context:component-scan>
<!-- 配置视图解析器 -->
<bean id="internalResourceViewResolver" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
<property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/pages/"></property>
<property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>
</bean>
<!--过滤静态资源-->
<mvc:resources mapping="/css/**" location="/css/"/>
<mvc:resources mapping="/images/**" location="/images/"/>
<mvc:resources mapping="/js/**" location="/js/"/>
<!--开启SpringMVC注解支持-->
<mvc:annotation-driven></mvc:annotation-driven>
</beans>
第三步:编写控制器代码:
/**
* @Author: Ly
* @Date: 2020-09-29 21:21
*/
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/account")
public class AccountController {
@RequestMapping("/findAll")
public String findAll(){
System.out.println("表现层:查询所有账户信息");
return "list";
}
}
第四步:新建jsp页面测试代码
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<a href="account/findAll">测试</a>
</body>
</html>
成功后的跳转界面
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" isELIgnored="false" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h3>查询了所有账户信息</h3>
</body>
</html>
整合Spring和SpringMVC
第一步:在web.xml中配置监听器实现启动服务创建容器
配置 spring 提供的监听器,用于启动服务时加载容器 。该间监听器只能加载 WEB-INF 目录中名称为 applicationContext.xml 的配置文件 ,这样在tomcat服务器启动时,就会加载spring的配置文件了。
<!--配置Spring的监听器,默认只加载WEB-INF目录下的文件,在服务器启动时执行一次-->
<listener>
<listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>
<!--设置配置文件的路径,这样就可以将配置文件放到其他文件中了-->
<context-param>
<param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
<param-value>classpath:applicationContext.xml</param-value>
</context-param>
第二步:在控制器中实现依赖注入
@Autowired
private AccountService accountService;
@RequestMapping("/findAll")
public String findAll(Model model){
System.out.println("表现层:查询所有的信息");
//调用service方法
accountService.findAll();
return "list";
}
第三步:再次测试代码
整合Spring与Mybatis
测试MyBatis框架在web工程中独立运行
第一步:编写 AccountDao持久层接口,我们使用代理 dao 的方式来操作持久层,Dao的实现类就是多余的。
/**
* @Author: Ly
* @Date: 2020-09-29 21:15
* 账户dao接口
*/
//@Repository
public interface AccountDao {
//查询所有账户
@Select("select * from account")
public List<Account> findAll();
//保存账户信息
@Insert("insert into account (name,money) values(#{name},#{money})")
public void saveAccount(Account account);
}
第二步:编写 SqlMapConfig 配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration
PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN"
"http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<!--配置properties-->
<properties>
<property name="driver" value="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"></property>
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ssm?serverTimezone=GMT%2B8&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8"></property>
<property name="username" value="root"></property>
<property name="password" value="123456"></property>
</properties>
<typeAliases>
<package name="com.ly.domain"/>
</typeAliases>
<!--配置环境-->
<environments default="mysql">
<!-- 配置mysql的环境-->
<environment id="mysql">
<!-- 配置事务 -->
<transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
<!--配置连接池-->
<dataSource type="POOLED">
<property name="driver" value="${driver}"></property>
<property name="url" value="${url}"></property>
<property name="username" value="${username}"></property>
<property name="password" value="${password}"></property>
</dataSource>
</environment>
</environments>
<!--映射配置文件-->
<mappers>
<package name="com.ly.dao"/>
</mappers>
</configuration>
第三步:测试运行结果
/**
* @Author: Ly
* @Date: 2020-09-30 09:12
*/
public class TestMybatis {
@Test
public void run1() throws Exception {
//加载mybatis配置文件
InputStream in=Resources.getResourceAsStream("SqlMapConfig.xml");
//创建SqlSessionFactory对象
SqlSessionFactory factory=new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(in);
//创建SqlSession对象
SqlSession session=factory.openSession();
//获取到代理对象
AccountDao dao=session.getMapper(AccountDao.class);
//查询所有数据
List<Account> list=dao.findAll();
for(Account account:list){
System.out.println(account);
}
//关闭资源
session.close();
in.close();
}
@Test
public void run2() throws Exception {
Account account=new Account();
account.setName("aas");
account.setMoney(2222d);
//加载mybatis配置文件
InputStream in=Resources.getResourceAsStream("SqlMapConfig.xml");
//创建SqlSessionFactory对象
SqlSessionFactory factory=new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(in);
//创建SqlSession对象
SqlSession session=factory.openSession();
//获取到代理对象
AccountDao dao=session.getMapper(AccountDao.class);
//保存数据
dao.saveAccount(account);
//提交事务
session.commit();
//关闭资源
session.close();
in.close();
}
}
整合 Spring 和 MyBatis
整合思路:把 mybatis 配置文件(SqlMapConfig.xml)中内容配置到 spring 配置文件中,同时把 mybatis 配置文件的内容清掉。
第一步:在applicationContext.xml中配置mybatis文件
① Spring 接管 MyBatis 的 Session 工厂
② 配置自动扫描所有 Mapper 接口和文件
③ 配置 spring 的事务
<!--Spring整合MyBatis框架-->
<!--配置连接池-->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
<property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver"></property>
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/ssm?serverTimezone=GMT%2B8&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8"></property>
<property name="user" value="root"></property>
<property name="password" value="123456"></property>
</bean>
<!--配置SqlSessionFactory工厂-->
<bean id="sqlSessionFactoryBean" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
</bean>
<!--配置AccountDao接口所在包-->
<bean id="mapperScanner" class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
<property name="basePackage" value="com.ly.dao"></property>
</bean>
<!--配置Spring框架声明式事务管理-->
<!--配置事务管理器-->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"></property>
</bean>
<!--配置事务通知-->
<tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
<tx:attributes>
<tx:method name="find*" read-only="true"/>
<tx:method name="*" isolation="DEFAULT"/>
</tx:attributes>
</tx:advice>
<!--配置AOP增强-->
<aop:config>
<aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut="execution(* com.ly.service.impl.*ServiceImpl.*(..))"/>
</aop:config>
第二步:在AccountDao接口上添加@Repository注解,实现注入
第三部:修改AccountServiceImpl业务层实现类,实现注入
/**
* @Author: Ly
* @Date: 2020-09-29 21:19
*/
@Service("accountService")
public class AccountServiceImpl implements AccountService {
@Autowired
private AccountDao accountDao;
@Override
public List<Account> findAll() {
System.out.println("业务层:查询所有账户");
return accountDao.findAll();
}
@Override
public void saveAccount(Account account) {
System.out.println("业务层:保存账户");
accountDao.saveAccount(account);
}
}
第四步:改控制器中的方法
/**
* @Author: Ly
* @Date: 2020-09-29 21:21
*/
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/account")
public class AccountController {
@Autowired
private AccountService accountService;
@RequestMapping("/findAll")
public String findAll(Model model){
System.out.println("表现层:查询所有的信息");
//调用service方法
List<Account> list=accountService.findAll();
model.addAttribute("list",list);
return "list";
}
/**
* 保存
* @return
*/
@RequestMapping("/save")
public void save(Account account, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws IOException {
System.out.println("保存");
accountService.saveAccount(account);
response.sendRedirect(request.getContextPath()+"/account/findAll");
return ;
}
}
第五步:编写测试 jsp
请求发起页面:
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<a href="account/findAll">测试</a>
<h3>测试保存</h3>
<form action="account/save" method="post">
姓名:<input type="text" name="name">
金额:<input type="text" name="money">
<input type="submit" value="保存">
</form>
</body>
</html>
响应结果页面:
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" isELIgnored="false" %>
<%@ taglib prefix="c" uri="http://java.sun.com/jsp/jstl/core"%>
<html>
<head>
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h3>查询了所有账户信息</h3>
${list}
<c:forEach items="${list}" var="account">
${account.name}
</c:forEach>
</body>
</html>