虚拟环境管理--pipenv

pipenv 集成了pip，virtualenv两者的功能，并优化了两者的一些缺陷。

pipenv使用 pipflie和pipfile.lock，前者用来记录项目的依赖列表，后者记录了固定版本的详细依赖包列表，查看依赖关系十分方便

一  创建虚拟环境

1. mkdir   env01

2. cd env01

3. pipenv install

pipenv install：目录如果没有虚拟环境会创建一个新的虚拟环境，如果已经有虚拟环境则不会创建

C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\2022\test_env>mkdir env01

C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\2022\test_env>cd env01

C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\2022\test_env\env01>pipenv install
Creating a virtualenv for this project...
Pipfile: C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\2022\test_env\env01\Pipfile
Using D:/Python38/python.exe (3.8.10) to create virtualenv...
[   =] Creating virtual environment...created virtual environment CPython3.8.10.final.0-64 in 1688ms
  creator CPython3Windows(dest=D:\.env\env01-PkZYulaV, clear=False, no_vcs_ignore=False, global=False)
  seeder FromAppData(download=False, pip=bundle, setuptools=bundle, wheel=bundle, via=copy, app_data_dir=C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Local\pypa\virtualenv
)
    added seed packages: pip==22.2.2, setuptools==65.0.2, wheel==0.37.1
  activators BashActivator,BatchActivator,FishActivator,NushellActivator,PowerShellActivator,PythonActivator

Successfully created virtual environment!
Virtualenv location: D:\.env\env01-PkZYulaV
Creating a Pipfile for this project...
Pipfile.lock not found, creating...
Locking [packages] dependencies...
Locking [dev-packages] dependencies...
Updated Pipfile.lock (db4242)!
Installing dependencies from Pipfile.lock (db4242)...
  ================================ 0/0 - 00:00:00
To activate this project's virtualenv, run pipenv shell.
Alternatively, run a command inside the virtualenv with pipenv run.

C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\2022\test_env\env01>pipenv install
Installing dependencies from Pipfile.lock (db4242)...
  ================================ 0/0 - 00:00:00
To activate this project's virtualenv, run pipenv shell.
Alternatively, run a command inside the virtualenv with pipenv run.

4. 将目录中的 pipfile中的包下载地址替换成python国内源的下载地址，

[[source]]
url = "https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple"
verify_ssl = true
name = "pypi"

[packages]

[dev-packages]

[requires]
python_version = "3.8"

在默认包中安装 插件，pipenv install requests

C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\2022\test_env\env01>pipenv install requests
Installing requests...
Adding requests to Pipfile's [packages]...
Installation Succeeded
Pipfile.lock (db4242) out of date, updating to (fbd99e)...
Locking [packages] dependencies...
           Building requirements...
Resolving dependencies...
Success!
Locking [dev-packages] dependencies...
Updated Pipfile.lock (fbd99e)!
Installing dependencies from Pipfile.lock (fbd99e)...
  ================================ 0/0 - 00:00:00
To activate this project's virtualenv, run pipenv shell.
Alternatively, run a command inside the virtualenv with pipenv run.

默认安装的包，会在 pipfile的  [packages] 下显示

[packages]
requests = "*"

在开发环境下安装包，pipenv install --dev django

[packages]
requests = "*"

[dev-packages]
django = "*"

查看安装包的依赖关系 pipenv graph

C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\2022\test_env\env01>pipenv graph
Django==4.1.2
  - asgiref [required: >=3.5.2,<4, installed: 3.5.2]
  - backports.zoneinfo [required: Any, installed: 0.2.1]
  - sqlparse [required: >=0.2.2, installed: 0.4.3]
  - tzdata [required: Any, installed: 2022.5]
requests==2.28.1
  - certifi [required: >=2017.4.17, installed: 2022.9.24]
  - charset-normalizer [required: >=2,<3, installed: 2.1.1]
  - idna [required: >=2.5,<4, installed: 3.4]
  - urllib3 [required: >=1.21.1,<1.27, installed: 1.26.12]

进入虚拟环境：pipenv shell，查看安装的依赖：pip list，并退出依赖：exit

C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\2022\test_env\env01>pipenv shell
Launching subshell in virtual environment...
Microsoft Windows [版本 10.0.19042.1466]
(c) Microsoft Corporation。保留所有权利。

(env01-PkZYulaV) C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\2022\test_env\env01>pip list
Package            Version
------------------ ---------
asgiref            3.5.2
backports.zoneinfo 0.2.1
certifi            2022.9.24
charset-normalizer 2.1.1
Django             4.1.2
idna               3.4
pip                22.2.2
requests           2.28.1
setuptools         65.0.2
sqlparse           0.4.3
tzdata             2022.5
urllib3            1.26.12
wheel              0.37.1

(env01-PkZYulaV) C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\2022\test_env\env01>exit

列出虚拟环境的路径 pipenv --venv

C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\2022\test_env\env01>pipenv --venv
D:\.env\env01-PkZYulaV

删除虚拟环境：pipenc --rm

C:\Users\Administrator\Desktop\2022\test_env\env02>pipenv --rm
Removing virtualenv (D:\.env\env02-LxMkY2WN)...

二 虚拟环境复制

1. 将env01目录中的 pipfile和pipflie.lock 复制到env02目录中

2. 进入目录env02，执行 pipenv install，会创建一个新的虚拟环境，并把 packages下的依赖安装到虚拟环境中，但dev-packages下的依赖不会自动安装

 如果想把dev-packages中的依赖也复制过来，需要执行：如果需要执行 pipenv install --dev