AlexNet对MNIST分类

一.AlexNet介绍

https://blog.csdn.net/MESSI_JAMES/article/details/81384534#t8

二.过程介绍

一次完整的训练模型和评估模型的过程一般分为 3 个步骤：
1.加载数据，
2.定义网络模型，
3. 训练模型和评估模型。

三.代码实现

import tensorflow as tf
# 1.加载数据

# 输入数据
from tensorflow.examples.tutorials.mnist import input_data
mnist = input_data.read_data_sets("MNIST_data", one_hot=True)
# 定义网络的一参数
learning_rate = 0.001
training_iters = 20000
batch_size = 128
display_step = 10
# 定义网络的参数
n_input = 784 # 输入的维度(img shape: 28×28)
n_classes = 10 # 标记的维度 (0-9 digits)
dropout = 0.75 # Dropout 的概率，输出的可能性
# 输入占位符
x = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [None, n_input])
y = tf.placeholder(tf.float32, [None, n_classes])
keep_prob = tf.placeholder(tf.float32) #dropout

# 2.构建网络模型

# 定义卷积操作
def conv2d(name, x, W, b, strides=1):
    x = tf.nn.conv2d(x, W, strides=[1, strides, strides, 1], padding='SAME')
    x = tf.nn.bias_add(x, b)
    return tf.nn.relu(x, name=name) # 使用 relu 激活函数
# 定义池化层操作
def maxpool2d(name, x, k=2):
    return tf.nn.max_pool(x, ksize=[1, k, k, 1], strides=[1, k, k, 1],
    padding='SAME', name=name)
# 规范化操作
def norm(name, l_input, lsize=4):
    return tf.nn.lrn(l_input, lsize, bias=1.0, alpha=0.001 / 9.0,
    beta=0.75, name=name)
# 定义所有的网络参数
weights = {
'wc1': tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([11, 11, 1, 96])),
'wc2': tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([5, 5, 96, 256])),
'wc3': tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([3, 3, 256, 384])),
'wc4': tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([3, 3, 384, 384])),
'wc5': tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([3, 3, 384, 256])),
'wd1': tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([4*4*256, 4096])),
'wd2': tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([4096, 4096])),
'out': tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([4096, 10]))
}
biases = {
'bc1': tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([96])),
'bc2': tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([256])),
'bc3': tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([384])),
'bc4': tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([384])),
'bc5': tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([256])),
'bd1': tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([4096])),
'bd2': tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([4096])),
'out': tf.Variable(tf.random_normal([n_classes]))
}

# 定义整个网络
def alex_net(x, weights, biases, dropout):
    # Reshape input picture
    x = tf.reshape(x, shape=[-1, 28, 28, 1])
    # 第一层卷积
    # 卷积
    conv1 = conv2d('conv1', x, weights['wc1'], biases['bc1'])
    # 下采样
    pool1 = maxpool2d('pool1', conv1, k=2)
    # 规范化
    norm1 = norm('norm1', pool1, lsize=4)
    # 第二层卷积
    # 卷积
    conv2 = conv2d('conv2', conv1, weights['wc2'], biases['bc2'])
    # 最大池化（向下采样）
    pool2 = maxpool2d('pool2', conv2, k=2)
    # 规范化
    norm2 = norm('norm2', pool2, lsize=4)
    # 第三层卷积
    # 卷积
    conv3 = conv2d('conv3', norm2, weights['wc3'], biases['bc3'])
    # 下采样
    pool3 = maxpool2d('pool3', conv3, k=2)
    # 规范化
    norm3 = norm('norm3', pool3, lsize=4)
    # 第四层卷积
    conv4 = conv2d('conv4', norm3, weights['wc4'], biases['bc4'])
    # 第五层卷积
    conv5 = conv2d('conv5', norm3, weights['wc5'], biases['bc5'])
    # 下采样
    pool5 = maxpool2d('pool5', conv5, k=2)
    # 规范化
    norm5 = norm('norm5', pool5, lsize=4)
    # 全连接层 1
    fc1 = tf.reshape(norm5, [-1, weights['wd1'].get_shape().as_list()[0]])
    fc1 = tf.add(tf.matmul(fc1, weights['wd1']), biases['bd1'])
    fc1 = tf.nn.relu(fc1)
    # dropout
    fc1 = tf.nn.dropout(fc1, dropout)
    # 全连接层 2
    fc2 = tf.reshape(fc1, [-1, weights['wd1'].get_shape().as_list()[0]])
    fc2 = tf.add(tf.matmul(fc2, weights['wd1']), biases['bd1'])
    fc2 = tf.nn.relu(fc2)
    # dropout
    fc2 = tf.nn.dropout(fc2, dropout)
    # 输出层
    out = tf.add(tf.matmul(fc2, weights['out']), biases['out'])
    return out

# 构建模型
pred = alex_net(x, weights, biases, keep_prob)
# 定义损失函数和优化器
cost = tf.reduce_mean(tf.nn.softmax_cross_entropy_with_logits(logits=pred, labels=y))
optimizer = tf.train.AdamOptimizer(learning_rate=learning_rate).minimize(cost)
# 评估函数
correct_pred = tf.equal(tf.argmax(pred, 1), tf.argmax(y, 1))
accuracy = tf.reduce_mean(tf.cast(correct_pred, tf.float32))

# 3.训练模型和评估模型
# 初始化变量
init = tf.global_variables_initializer()
with tf.Session() as sess:
    sess.run(init)
    step = 1
    # 开始训练，直到达到 training_iters，即 20000
    while step * batch_size < training_iters:
        batch_x, batch_y = mnist.train.next_batch(batch_size)
        sess.run(optimizer, feed_dict={x: batch_x, y: batch_y,
                                       keep_prob: dropout})
        if step % display_step == 0:
            # 计算损失值和准确度，输出
            loss, acc = sess.run([cost, accuracy], feed_dict={x: batch_x,
                                                              y: batch_y,
                                                              keep_prob: 1.})
            print("Iter " + str(step * batch_size) + ", Minibatch Loss= " + \
                  "{:.6f}".format(loss) + ", Training Accuracy= " + \
                  "{:.5f}".format(acc))
        step+=1
    print("训练完成!")
    # 计算测试集的准确度
    print("测试集的准确度:", \
          sess.run(accuracy, feed_dict={x: mnist.test.images[:256],
                                        y: mnist.test.labels[:256],
                                        keep_prob: 1.}))

四.结果展示

五.总结

我们也可以像实现AlexNet的模型这样，用TensorFlow 实现其他网络（如VGGNet、GoogLeNet、
ResNet），具体实现的步骤我们总结如下：
（1）仔细研读该网络的论文，理解每一层的输入/输出值以及网络结构；
（2）按照加载数据，定义网络模型，训练模型和评估模型这样的步骤实现网络。