关于高德百度地图坐标系问题

目前市面上比较常见的互联网地图的坐标系主要有这样几种：GCJ-02、BD-09、WGS84、CGCS2000。

WGS84，原始坐标体系。主要有Google Earth在用，。

GCJ-02是由国测局制定的互联网地图坐标系，又叫火星坐标，最常见的互联网地图坐标系，在中国能见到的互联网
地图基本都是这种坐标了，比如高德地图、腾讯地图、百度地图、Google地图（中国范围）。

BD-09是百度地图独有的坐标系，是在GCJ-02的基础之上进行二次加密的地图坐标，比GCJ-02坐标偏了几百米
的样子。

CGCS2000是国家2000坐标系，是一个地心坐标系，目前的话应该就只有天地图在用了，所以目前的互联网地图就
只有天地图使用的是真实坐标，其他都是使用的加密坐标。

CGCS2000、WGS84都是地心坐标系，地心与参心不同，参心坐标系是以参考椭球为基准建立的坐标系，不同的国
家有着自己的参考椭球标准，所以会存在一些差异性，而地心坐标系是以地球的质量中心为基准建立的坐标系统，
所以，2000与84基本是重合的，只有高程基准面会存在差异，天地图的定位API就是直接读取的手机GPS坐标，不
加密直接显示到地图上。

//地球坐标系转火星坐标系方法
const double a = 6378245.0;  
const double ee = 0.00669342162296594323;  

+ (CLLocation *)transformToMars:(CLLocation *)location {  
    //是否在中国大陆之外  
    if ([[self class] outOfChina:location]) {  
        return location;  
    }  
    double dLat = [[self class] transformLatWithX:location.coordinate.longitude - 105.0 y:location.coordinate.latitude - 35.0];  
    double dLon = [[self class] transformLonWithX:location.coordinate.longitude - 105.0 y:location.coordinate.latitude - 35.0];  
    double radLat = location.coordinate.latitude / 180.0 * M_PI;  
    double magic = sin(radLat);  
    magic = 1 - ee * magic * magic;  
    double sqrtMagic = sqrt(magic);  
    dLat = (dLat * 180.0) / ((a * (1 - ee)) / (magic * sqrtMagic) * M_PI);  
    dLon = (dLon * 180.0) / (a / sqrtMagic * cos(radLat) * M_PI);  
    return [[CLLocation alloc] initWithLatitude:location.coordinate.latitude + dLat longitude:location.coordinate.longitude + dLon];  
}  

+ (BOOL)outOfChina:(CLLocation *)location {  
    if (location.coordinate.longitude < 72.004 || location.coordinate.longitude > 137.8347) {  
        return YES;  
    }  
    if (location.coordinate.latitude < 0.8293 || location.coordinate.latitude > 55.8271) {  
        return YES;  
    }  
    return NO;  
}  

+ (double)transformLatWithX:(double)x y:(double)y {  
    double ret = -100.0 + 2.0 * x + 3.0 * y + 0.2 * y * y + 0.1 * x * y + 0.2 * sqrt(abs(x));  
    ret += (20.0 * sin(6.0 * x * M_PI) + 20.0 * sin(2.0 * x * M_PI)) * 2.0 / 3.0;  
    ret += (20.0 * sin(y * M_PI) + 40.0 * sin(y / 3.0 * M_PI)) * 2.0 / 3.0;  
    ret += (160.0 * sin(y / 12.0 * M_PI) + 320.0 * sin(y * M_PI / 30.0)) * 2.0 / 3.0;  
    return ret;  
}  

+ (double)transformLonWithX:(double)x y:(double)y {  
    double ret = 300.0 + x + 2.0 * y + 0.1 * x * x + 0.1 * x * y + 0.1 * sqrt(abs(x));  
    ret += (20.0 * sin(6.0 * x * M_PI) + 20.0 * sin(2.0 * x * M_PI)) * 2.0 / 3.0;  
    ret += (20.0 * sin(x * M_PI) + 40.0 * sin(x / 3.0 * M_PI)) * 2.0 / 3.0;  
    ret += (150.0 * sin(x / 12.0 * M_PI) + 300.0 * sin(x / 30.0 * M_PI)) * 2.0 / 3.0;  
    return ret;  
}  

// GCJ-02 坐标转换成 BD-09 坐标  
+ (CLLocationCoordinate2D)MarsGS2BaiduGS:(CLLocationCoordinate2D)coordinate  
{  
    double x_pi = PI * 3000.0 / 180.0;  
    double x = coordinate.longitude, y = coordinate.latitude;  
    double z = sqrt(x * x + y * y) + 0.00002 * sin(y * x_pi);  
    double theta = atan2(y, x) + 0.000003 * cos(x * x_pi);  
    double bd_lon = z * cos(theta) + 0.0065;  
    double bd_lat = z * sin(theta) + 0.006;  
    return CLLocationCoordinate2DMake(bd_lat, bd_lon);  
}  

// BD-09 坐标转换成 GCJ-02 坐标  
+ (CLLocationCoordinate2D)BaiduGS2MarsGS:(CLLocationCoordinate2D)coordinate  
{  
    double x_pi = PI * 3000.0 / 180.0;  
    double x = coordinate.longitude - 0.0065, y = coordinate.latitude - 0.006;  
    double z = sqrt(x * x + y * y) - 0.00002 * sin(y * x_pi);  
    double theta = atan2(y, x) - 0.000003 * cos(x * x_pi);  
    double gg_lon = z * cos(theta);  
    double gg_lat = z * sin(theta);  
    return CLLocationCoordinate2DMake(gg_lat, gg_lon);  
}  

// WGS-84 坐标转换成 BD-09 坐标  
+ (CLLocationCoordinate2D)WorldGS2BaiduGS:(CLLocationCoordinate2D)coordinate  
{  
    CLLocationCoordinate2D mars = [ALDGeocoder WorldGS2MarsGS:coordinate];  
    CLLocationCoordinate2D baidu = [ALDGeocoder MarsGS2BaiduGS:mars];  
    return baidu;  
}  

// BD-09 坐标转换成 WGS-84 坐标  
+ (CLLocationCoordinate2D)BaiduGS2WorldGS:(CLLocationCoordinate2D)coordinate  
{  
    CLLocationCoordinate2D mars = [ALDGeocoder BaiduGS2MarsGS:coordinate];  
    CLLocationCoordinate2D world = [ALDGeocoder MarsGS2WorldGS:mars];  
    return world;  
}  

// WGS-84 坐标转换成 Sogou 坐标  
+ (CLLocationCoordinate2D)WorldGS2SogouGS:(CLLocationCoordinate2D)coordinate  
{  
    const double ee = 0.082271854224939184;  
    double lon = coordinate.longitude;  
    double lat = coordinate.latitude;  
    double dlon = [ALDGeocoder rad:CLIP(lon, -360, 360)];  
    double dlat = [ALDGeocoder rad:CLIP(lat, -90, 90)];  
    dlon = 6378206.4 * dlon;  
    double sinphi = sin(dlat);  
    double temp1, temp2;  
    if((temp1 = 1.0 + sinphi) == 0.0){  
        dlat = -1000000000;  
    }else if((temp2 = 1.0 - sinphi) == 0.0){  
        dlat = 1000000000;  
    }else{  
        double esinphi = ee * sinphi;  
        dlat = 3189103.2000000002 * log((temp1 / temp2) * pow((1.0 - esinphi) / (1.0 + esinphi), ee));  
    }  
    return CLLocationCoordinate2DMake(dlat, dlon);  
}  

// Sogou 坐标转换成 WGS-84 坐标  
+ (CLLocationCoordinate2D)SogouGS2WorldGS:(CLLocationCoordinate2D)coordinate  
{  
    const double ee = 1.5707963267948966;  
    const double aa = 0.0033938814110493522;  
    double lon = coordinate.longitude;  
    double lat = coordinate.latitude;  
    double dlon = lon / 6378206.4;  
    double temp = -lat / 6378206.4;  
    double chi;  
    if(temp < -307){  
        chi = ee;  
    }else if(temp > 308){  
        chi = -ee;  
    }else{  
        chi = ee - 2 * atan(exp(temp));  
    }  
    double chi2 = 2 * chi;  
    double coschi2 = cos(chi2);  
    double dlat = chi + sin(chi2) * (aa + coschi2 * (1.3437644537757259E-005 + coschi2 * (7.2964865099246009E-008 + coschi2 * 4.4551470401894685E-010)));  
    double rlon = CLIP([ALDGeocoder deg:dlon], -360, 360);  
    double rlat = CLIP([ALDGeocoder deg:dlat], -90, 90);  
    return CLLocationCoordinate2DMake(rlat, rlon);  
}  

//WGS-84 坐标转换成 墨卡托 坐标  
+ (CLLocationCoordinate2D)WorldGS2Mercator:(CLLocationCoordinate2D)coordinate  
{  
    double lon = coordinate.longitude*20037508.34/180;  
    double lat = log(tan((90+coordinate.latitude)*M_PI/360))/(M_PI/180);  
    lat = lat*20037508.34/180;  
    return CLLocationCoordinate2DMake(lat, lon);  
}  

//墨卡托 坐标转换成 WGS-84 坐标  
+ (CLLocationCoordinate2D)Mercator2WorldGS:(CLLocationCoordinate2D)mercator  
{  
    double lon = mercator.longitude/20037508.34*180;  
    double lat = mercator.latitude/20037508.34*180;  
    lat = 180/M_PI*(2*atan(exp(lat*M_PI/180))-M_PI/2);  
    return CLLocationCoordinate2DMake(lat, lon);  
}