python list常用操作

python list常用操作

1.list 定义
li = [“a”, “b”, “mpilgrim”, “z”, “example”]
li
[‘a’, ‘b’, ‘mpilgrim’, ‘z’, ‘example’]
li[1]
‘b’

2.list 负数索引
li
[‘a’, ‘b’, ‘mpilgrim’, ‘z’, ‘example’]
li[-1]
‘example’
li[-3]
‘mpilgrim’
li
[‘a’, ‘b’, ‘mpilgrim’, ‘z’, ‘example’]
li[1:3]
[‘b’, ‘mpilgrim’]
li[1:-1]
[‘b’, ‘mpilgrim’, ‘z’]
li[0:3]
[‘a’, ‘b’, ‘mpilgrim’]

3.list 增加元素
li
[‘a’, ‘b’, ‘mpilgrim’, ‘z’, ‘example’]
li.append(“new”)
li
[‘a’, ‘b’, ‘mpilgrim’, ‘z’, ‘example’, ‘new’]
li.insert(2, “new”)
li
[‘a’, ‘b’, ‘new’, ‘mpilgrim’, ‘z’, ‘example’, ‘new’]
li.extend([“two”, “elements”])
li
[‘a’, ‘b’, ‘new’, ‘mpilgrim’, ‘z’, ‘example’, ‘new’, ‘two’, ‘elements’]

4.list 搜索
li
[‘a’, ‘b’, ‘new’, ‘mpilgrim’, ‘z’, ‘example’, ‘new’, ‘two’, ‘elements’]
li.index(“example”)
5
li.index(“new”)
2
li.index(“c”)
Traceback (innermost last):
File “”, line 1, in ?
ValueError: list.index(x): x not in list
“c” in li
False

5.list 删除元素
li
[‘a’, ‘b’, ‘new’, ‘mpilgrim’, ‘z’, ‘example’, ‘new’, ‘two’, ‘elements’]
li.remove(“z”)
li
[‘a’, ‘b’, ‘new’, ‘mpilgrim’, ‘example’, ‘new’, ‘two’, ‘elements’]
li.remove(“new”) # 删除首次出现的一个值
li
[‘a’, ‘b’, ‘mpilgrim’, ‘example’, ‘new’, ‘two’, ‘elements’] # 第二个 ‘new’ 未删除
li.remove(“c”) #list 中没有找到值, Python 会引发一个异常
Traceback (innermost last):
File “”, line 1, in ?
ValueError: list.remove(x): x not in list
li.pop() # pop 会做两件事: 删除 list 的最后一个元素, 然后返回删除元素的值。
‘elements’
li
[‘a’, ‘b’, ‘mpilgrim’, ‘example’, ‘new’, ‘two’]

6.list 运算符
li = [‘a’, ‘b’, ‘mpilgrim’]
li = li + [‘example’, ‘new’]
li
[‘a’, ‘b’, ‘mpilgrim’, ‘example’, ‘new’]
li += [‘two’]
li
[‘a’, ‘b’, ‘mpilgrim’, ‘example’, ‘new’, ‘two’]
li = [1, 2] * 3
li
[1, 2, 1, 2, 1, 2]