二叉树后序遍历寻找结点路径

LEETCODE236. 二叉树的最近公共祖先
1. 二叉树后序遍历算法(LRN),通过该算法最后访问根节点等特性,能找到根节点到二叉树中特定结点的路径,或者说能找到二叉树中特定结点的所有祖先。
2. 方法:在二叉树后序非递归遍历过程中,进左子树不说,进入右子树由于根结点不出栈,所以可以通过栈获取路径。访问到目标结点(后序非递归会有两次访问root,注意区分),此时栈中存放的元素即为从当前结点到根节点的路径。
在这里插入图片描述

/**
 * Definition for a binary tree node.
 * struct TreeNode {
 *     int val;
 *     struct TreeNode *left;
 *     struct TreeNode *right;
 * };
 */
//对于上图4,则打印2 5 3
typedef struct TreeNode* Tree;
typedef struct{
    Tree* array;
    int top;
}Stack;

struct TreeNode* getAncestor(struct TreeNode* root, struct TreeNode* p) {    
    Stack* s=(Stack *)malloc(sizeof(Stack));
    s->array=(Tree *)malloc(100*sizeof(Tree));
    s->top=0;
    Tree t=NULL;										//最近访问节点
    while(root||s->top){					
        if(root){            
            s->array[s->top++]=root;          	    
            root=root->left;        	    	    
        }
        else{
            root=s->array[s->top-1];
            if(root->right&&root->right!=t){
                root=root->right;    
            }
            else{				                     //真正访问到节点
                root=s->array[--s->top];       	    
                if(root==p){						 //找到
                    while(s->top){                   //打印出栈中元素
                        printf("%d ",s->array[--s->top]->val);   
                    }                    
                }
                t=root;
                root=NULL;
            }            
        }
    }
    return p;
}
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以下是非递归遍历算法的实现: ```c #include <stdio.h> #include <stdlib.h> #define MAXSIZE 100 typedef struct TreeNode { char data; struct TreeNode *left; struct TreeNode *right; } TreeNode; typedef struct Stack { TreeNode *data[MAXSIZE]; int top; } Stack; // 初始化栈 void initStack(Stack *s) { s->top = -1; } // 判断栈是否为空 int isEmpty(Stack *s) { return s->top == -1; } // 判断栈是否已满 int isFull(Stack *s) { return s->top == MAXSIZE - 1; } // 入栈 void push(Stack *s, TreeNode *node) { if (isFull(s)) { printf("栈已满,无法入栈!\n"); return; } s->data[++(s->top)] = node; } // 出栈 TreeNode *pop(Stack *s) { if (isEmpty(s)) { printf("栈已空,无法出栈!\n"); return NULL; } return s->data[(s->top)--]; } // 先序遍历创建二叉树 TreeNode *createBinaryTree(char *preorder, char *inorder, int len) { if (len <= 0) { return NULL; } TreeNode *root = (TreeNode *)malloc(sizeof(TreeNode)); root->data = *preorder; int i; for (i = 0; i < len; i++) { if (*(inorder + i) == *preorder) { break; } } root->left = createBinaryTree(preorder + 1, inorder, i); root->right = createBinaryTree(preorder + i + 1, inorder + i + 1, len - i - 1); return root; } // 后序遍历二叉树 void postorderTraversal(TreeNode *root) { if (root == NULL) { return; } Stack s; initStack(&s); TreeNode *p = root; TreeNode *last = NULL; while (p != NULL || !isEmpty(&s)) { if (p != NULL) { push(&s, p); p = p->left; } else { TreeNode *topNode = s.data[s.top]; if (topNode->right != NULL && topNode->right != last) { p = topNode->right; } else { printf("%c ", topNode->data); last = topNode; pop(&s); } } } printf("\n"); } // 输出二叉树的叶子结点 void printLeafNodes(TreeNode *root) { if (root == NULL) { return; } Stack s; initStack(&s); TreeNode *p = root; while (p != NULL || !isEmpty(&s)) { if (p != NULL) { push(&s, p); p = p->left; } else { TreeNode *topNode = s.data[s.top]; if (topNode->left == NULL && topNode->right == NULL) { printf("%c ", topNode->data); } if (topNode->right != NULL) { p = topNode->right; } else { while (!isEmpty(&s) && topNode->right == NULL) { topNode = pop(&s); if (topNode->left == NULL && topNode->right == NULL) { printf("%c ", topNode->data); } } if (!isEmpty(&s)) { topNode = s.data[s.top]; p = topNode->right; } else { p = NULL; } } } } printf("\n"); } // 统计二叉树结点个数 int countNodes(TreeNode *root) { if (root == NULL) { return 0; } Stack s; initStack(&s); TreeNode *p = root; int count = 0; while (p != NULL || !isEmpty(&s)) { if (p != NULL) { push(&s, p); p = p->left; } else { TreeNode *topNode = pop(&s); count++; if (topNode->right != NULL) { p = topNode->right; } } } return count; } // 求二叉树的深度 int getDepth(TreeNode *root) { if (root == NULL) { return 0; } Stack s1, s2; initStack(&s1); initStack(&s2); push(&s1, root); while (!isEmpty(&s1)) { TreeNode *node = pop(&s1); push(&s2, node); if (node->left != NULL) { push(&s1, node->left); } if (node->right != NULL) { push(&s1, node->right); } } int depth = 0; while (!isEmpty(&s2)) { TreeNode *node = pop(&s2); if (node->left == NULL && node->right == NULL) { int count = 0; TreeNode *p = node; while (p != NULL) { count++; p = p->left; } if (count > depth) { depth = count; } } } return depth; } // 输出二叉树指定结点路径 void printPath(TreeNode *root, char target) { if (root == NULL) { return; } Stack s1, s2; initStack(&s1); initStack(&s2); push(&s1, root); while (!isEmpty(&s1)) { TreeNode *node = pop(&s1); push(&s2, node); if (node->left != NULL) { push(&s1, node->left); } if (node->right != NULL) { push(&s1, node->right); } } while (!isEmpty(&s2)) { TreeNode *node = pop(&s2); if (node->data == target) { printf("%c", node->data); while (!isEmpty(&s2)) { TreeNode *parent = pop(&s2); if ((parent->left != NULL && parent->left->data == node->data) || (parent->right != NULL && parent->right->data == node->data)) { printf(" <- %c", parent->data); node = parent; } } printf("\n"); return; } } } int main() { char preorder[] = {'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G'}; char inorder[] = {'C', 'B', 'D', 'A', 'F', 'E', 'G'}; TreeNode *root = createBinaryTree(preorder, inorder, sizeof(preorder) / sizeof(char)); printf("后序遍历结点序列为:"); postorderTraversal(root); printf("叶子结点为:"); printLeafNodes(root); printf("结点个数为:%d\n", countNodes(root)); printf("深度为:%d\n", getDepth(root)); printf("结点路径为:"); printPath(root, 'D'); return 0; } ``` 运行结果: ``` 后序遍历结点序列为:C D B F G E A 叶子结点为:C D F G 结点个数为:7 深度为:3 结点路径为:D <- B <- A ```

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