Application:
在Android程序中,可以有多个Activity,但Application只有一个。所以Android程序的真正入口是Application中的onCreate()函数。并不是很多人理解的Activity的onCrea()函数。
而且在Android程序中,Application只能被实例一次。Application的声明周期和程序是一样长的。
一般可能我们在程序中不会自己创建Application,这不代表程序中没有Application,这时系统会帮我们自动生成一个Application,因为无论我们有没有创建自己的Application,打开androidManifest.xml文件,我们都能看到<application></application>存在。
这样吧,我们换种思维:
一个Android程序启动,我们把Application看做这个程序的进程,Activity看做这个进程里面的多个线程,那么Application类中的全局变量(不是那种Application方法里面定义的变量)就可以被其他线程(Activity)访问了,所以Activity之间的通信可以通过访问Application中的全局变量或者Intent机制来完成(当然还有其他的方法,但我现在只知道这两种)。
一个Android程序中配置了哪些东西,我们可以通过androidManifest.xml文件来看,下面看一个例子:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.ghb_pc.tianqiyubao" >
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.ACCESS_NETWORK_STATE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
<!--这是整体application的配置,它里面包含了两个Activity-->
<application
android:name=".app.MyApplication"
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="@mipmap/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
<!--下面是包含两个Activity-->
<activity
android:name=".tianqiActivity"
android:label="@string/app_name" >
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
<activity
android:name=".SelectCity"
android:label="@string/title_activity_select_city" >
</activity>
</application>
</manifest>
MyApplication的代码,程序是我在学习的时候,
package com.ghb_pc.tianqiyubao.app;
import android.app.Application;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.os.Environment;
import android.os.Message;
import android.util.Log;
import com.ghb_pc.tianqiyubao.SelectCity;
import com.ghb_pc.tianqiyubao.db.CityDB;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import bean.City;
/**
* Created by ghb-pc on 2015/10/20.
*/
public class MyApplication extends Application{
private static final String TAG="MyAPP";
private static Application mApplication;
private static CityDB mCityDB;
private static List<City> CityList=new ArrayList<City>();
ArrayList<String> mCityList= new ArrayList<String>(); //这个mCityList会在另一个Activity中被访问,其他的部分可以不用看懂。
@Override
public void onCreate(){
super.onCreate();
Log.d(TAG, "MyApplication->OnCreate");
mApplication=this;
mCityDB=openCityDB();
initCityList();
}
public List<String> getMCityList(){
return mCityList;
}
public static Application getInstance(){
return mApplication;
}
private void initCityList(){
Log.d("initCityList", "initCityList");
new Thread(new Runnable(){
@Override
public void run(){
prepareCityList();
}
}).start();
}
private boolean prepareCityList(){
Log.d("prepareCityList","prepareCityList");
CityList=mCityDB.getAllCity();
for(City city:CityList){
String cityName=city.getCity();
mCityList.add(cityName);
Log.d(TAG,cityName);
}
return true;
}
private CityDB openCityDB(){
String path="/data"+ Environment.getDataDirectory().getAbsolutePath()
+ File.separator+getPackageName()
+File.separator+"databases"
+File.separator
+CityDB.CITY_DB_NAME;
File db=new File(path);
Log.d(TAG,path);
if(!db.exists()) {
Log.i("MyApp", "db is not exists");
try{
InputStream is =getAssets().open("city.db");
Log.i("MyApp", "InputStream is");
//InputStream is = this.getResources().getAssets().open("city.db");
//InputStream is=this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("assets/city.db");
FileOutputStream fos=new FileOutputStream(db);
Log.i("MyApp", "FileOutputStream fos");
int len=-1;
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
while((len=is.read(buffer))!=-1){
Log.i("MyApp", String.valueOf(len));
fos.write(buffer,0,len);
fos.flush();
}
fos.close();
is.close();
Log.i("MyApp", "close");
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
System.exit(0);
}
}
Log.i("MyApp", "return");
return new CityDB(this,path);
}
}
SelectCity这个Activity的代码:
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.MenuItem;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.AdapterView;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.widget.Toast;
import com.ghb_pc.tianqiyubao.app.MyApplication;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class SelectCity extends Activity implements View.OnClickListener{
private ImageView mBackBtn;
// private String[] data;
private List<String> data=new ArrayList<String>();
private ListView mlistView;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.select_city);
mlistView=(ListView)findViewById(R.id.list_view);
MyApplication application= (MyApplication) this.getApplication(); //获取MyApplication,可以通过Activity的getApplicaion()方法
//MyApplication application=(MyApplication) getApplicationContext(); //获取MyApplication,也可以通过Context的getApplicationContext()方法
data=application.getMCityList(); //获取全局变量
ArrayAdapter<String> adapter=new ArrayAdapter<String>(
this,android.R.layout.simple_list_item_1,data);
mlistView.setAdapter(adapter);
//setContentView(mlistView);
mBackBtn = (ImageView)findViewById(R.id.title_back);
mBackBtn.setOnClickListener(this);
}
@Override
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
// Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.menu_select_city, menu);
return true;
}
@Override
public boolean onOptionsItemSelected(MenuItem item) {
// Handle action bar item clicks here. The action bar will
// automatically handle clicks on the Home/Up button, so long
// as you specify a parent activity in AndroidManifest.xml.
int id = item.getItemId();
//noinspection SimplifiableIfStatement
if (id == R.id.action_settings) {
return true;
}
return super.onOptionsItemSelected(item);
}
public void onClick(View view){
switch (view.getId()){
case R.id.title_back:
finish();
break;
default:
break;
}
}
}