java中的引用

1. 强引用

  强引用就是指程序代码之中普遍存在的，类似“Object obj=new Object()”这类引用，只要强引用还存在，垃圾收集器永远不会回收掉被引用的对象。

2. 软引用

  软引用用来描述一些还有用，但并非必需的对象。对于软引用关联着的对象，在系统将要发生内存溢出异常之前，将会把这些对象列进回收范围之中进行第二次回收。如果这次回收还是没有足够的内存，才会抛出内存溢出异常。

• 软引用源码

public class SoftReference<T> extends Reference<T> {

    /**
     * Timestamp clock, updated by the garbage collector
     */
    static private long clock;

    /**
     * Timestamp updated by each invocation of the get method.  The VM may use
     * this field when selecting soft references to be cleared, but it is not
     * required to do so.
     */
    private long timestamp;

   //构造方法
    public SoftReference(T referent) {
        super(referent);
        this.timestamp = clock;
    }
    public SoftReference(T referent, ReferenceQueue<? super T> q) {
        super(referent, q);
        this.timestamp = clock;
    }

    //获取软应用的值
    public T get() {
        T o = super.get();
        if (o != null && this.timestamp != clock)
            this.timestamp = clock;
        return o;
    }

}

• 软引用使用案例

public class Demo extends SoftReference<String> {
    private int age;

    public Demo(String name, int age){
        super(name); // name为软引用
        this.age = age; //age为强引用
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Demo demo = new Demo("IT搬运工",18);
        System.out.println(demo.getAge());
        System.out.println(demo.get());//获取name
    }
}

3. 弱引用

  弱引用也是用来描述非必须对象的，但是它的强度比软引用更弱一些，被弱引用关联的对象只能生活到下一次垃圾收集发生之前。当垃圾收集器工作时，无论当前内存是否足够，都会回收掉只被弱引用关联的对象。

• 弱引用源码

public class WeakReference<T> extends Reference<T> {

    /**
     * Creates a new weak reference that refers to the given object.  The new
     * reference is not registered with any queue.
     *
     * @param referent object the new weak reference will refer to
     */
    public WeakReference(T referent) {
        super(referent);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new weak reference that refers to the given object and is
     * registered with the given queue.
     *
     * @param referent object the new weak reference will refer to
     * @param q the queue with which the reference is to be registered,
     *          or <tt>null</tt> if registration is not required
     */
    public WeakReference(T referent, ReferenceQueue<? super T> q) {
        super(referent, q);
    }

}

• 弱引用案例

public class Demo extends WeakReference<String> {
    private int age;

    public Demo(String name, int age){
        super(name); // name为软引用
        this.age = age; //age为强引用
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Demo demo = new Demo("IT搬运工",18);
        System.out.println(demo.getAge());
        System.out.println(demo.get());//获取name

            System.gc();
        
        System.out.println(demo.getAge());
        System.out.println(demo.get());//如果发生了gc回收机制，该值为null
    }
}

4. 虚引用

  虚引用也称为幽灵引用或者幻影引用，它是最弱的一种引用关系。一个对象是否有虚引用的存在，完全不会对起生存时间构成影响，也无法通过虚引用来取得一个对象实例。为一个对象设置虚引用关联的唯一目的就是希望能在这个对象被收集器回收时收到一个系统通知。

• 虚引用源码

public class PhantomReference<T> extends Reference<T> {

    /**
     * Returns this reference object's referent.  Because the referent of a
     * phantom reference is always inaccessible, this method always returns
     * <code>null</code>.
     *
     * @return  <code>null</code>
     */
    public T get() {
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a new phantom reference that refers to the given object and
     * is registered with the given queue.
     *
     * <p> It is possible to create a phantom reference with a <tt>null</tt>
     * queue, but such a reference is completely useless: Its <tt>get</tt>
     * method will always return null and, since it does not have a queue, it
     * will never be enqueued.
     *
     * @param referent the object the new phantom reference will refer to
     * @param q the queue with which the reference is to be registered,
     *          or <tt>null</tt> if registration is not required
     */
    public PhantomReference(T referent, ReferenceQueue<? super T> q) {
        super(referent, q);
    }

}

• 虚引用案例

public class Demo extends PhantomReference<String> {
    private int age;

    public Demo(String name,int age){
        super(name,new ReferenceQueue<>());
        this.age = age; //age为强引用
    }

    public int getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(int age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Demo demo = new Demo("IT搬运工",18);
        System.out.println(demo.getAge());
        System.out.println(demo.get());//该值为null

    }
}