手把手从0到1教你做STM32+FreeRTOS智能家居--第3篇之蜂鸣器播放音乐

一、硬件设计

本项目用到的是一个无源蜂鸣器的模块，接到了STM32的PB7引脚，对应的是定时器4的通道2---TIM4_CH2。

蜂鸣器利用PWM输出播放音乐的相关原理，可以参考以下文章STM32CubeMx使用教程（五）—— 使用PWM控制蜂鸣器演唱孤勇者_stm32控制蜂鸣器唱歌-CSDN博客，在软件部分我将贴出相关的公式，以及具体代码的实现。

二、软件设计

我们通过调整来PSC的值，来修改蜂鸣器输出的频率，从而输出不同的音符。来看一个简单的例子：

根据周期输出的公式：Tout= ((arr+1)*(psc+1))/Tclk， 频率为 F=1/Tout。

如果我们要输出一个低音DO(262hz)，Tclk对应的是我们单片机的时钟总线的频率，我们的ARR值配置为1000，那么PSC就该为(72000/262)，此时的Tout约为0.0038，而频率=1/周期，所以此时蜂鸣器输出的频率就约为262Hz。接下来看下面Beep.h中这些宏定义就能够明白它们的由来了。

#ifndef __BEEP_H
#define __BEEP_H	 

#include "main.h"


#define  proport          72000 	//Tclk/(arr+1)=72000000/(1000)
 
//根据Tout= ((arr+1)*(psc+1))/Tclk推出psc值就是本句define定义的值，Tout为音调频率131Hz的倒数，Tclk=72MHz                                                
#define  L1       ((proport/262)-1)//低调　do 的频率
#define  L2       ((proport/296)-1)//低调　re 的频率
#define  L3       ((proport/330)-1)//低调　mi 的频率
#define  L4       ((proport/349)-1)//低调　fa 的频率
#define  L5       ((proport/392)-1)//低调　sol 的频率
#define  L6       ((proport/440)-1)//低调　la 的频率
#define  L7       ((proport/494)-1)//低调　si 的频率
                                               
#define  M1       ((proport/523)-1)//中调　do 的频率
#define  M2       ((proport/587)-1)//中调　re 的频率
#define  M3       ((proport/659)-1)//中调　mi 的频率
#define  M4       ((proport/699)-1)//中调　fa 的频率
#define  M5       ((proport/784)-1)//中调　sol的频率
#define  M6       ((proport/880)-1)//中调　la 的频率
#define  M7       ((proport/988)-1)//中调　si 的频率
 
#define  H1       ((proport/1048)-1)//高调　do 的频率
#define  H2       ((proport/1176)-1)//高调　re 的频率
#define  H3       ((proport/1320)-1)//高调　mi 的频率
#define  H4       ((proport/1480)-1)//高调　fa 的频率
#define  H5       ((proport/1640)-1)//高调　sol的频率
#define  H6       ((proport/1760)-1)//高调　la 的频率
#define  H7       ((proport/1976)-1)//高调　si 的频率
 
#define  Z0       0//

void Solitary_brave(void);
#endif

 beep.c中的Buzzer_on(uint16_t Frequency, uint16_t Duty)：

参数1：Frequency是PSC的值，用于修改蜂鸣器输出的频率，来输出对应的音符。

参数2：Duty是用于改变占空比，修改播放的音量。

void Solitary_brave(void) ：

用于播放孤勇者，延时是用于改变音乐的节拍。

#include "beep.h" 

extern TIM_HandleTypeDef htim4;

void buzzer_on(uint16_t Frequency, uint16_t Duty)
{
	__HAL_TIM_PRESCALER(&htim4, Frequency);
	__HAL_TIM_SetCompare(&htim4, TIM_CHANNEL_2, Duty);
}
	
void buzzer_off(void)
{
	__HAL_TIM_SetCompare(&htim4, TIM_CHANNEL_2, 0);
}

/**
* NAME: void Solitary_brave(void)
* FUNCTION : Solitary_brave
*/
void Solitary_brave(void)
{
	int16_t solitary_brave[]=
	{
		M6,50,M7,50,H1,50,H2,50,M7,50,H1,50,H1,100,Z0,10,	//爱你孤身走暗巷
		H1,50,M7,50,H1,50,H2,50,M7,50,H1,50,H1,100,Z0,10, 	//爱你不跪的模样
		H1,50,H2,50,H3,50,H2,50,H3,50,H2,50,H3,100,H3,50,H3,50,H2,50,H3,100,H5,100,H3,100,Z0,10 //爱你对峙过绝望不肯哭一场
		
	};
	int length = sizeof(solitary_brave)/sizeof(solitary_brave[0]);
	for(uint8_t i=0;i<(length/2);i++)
	{
		buzzer_on(solitary_brave[i*2],200);
		HAL_Delay(5*solitary_brave[i*2+1]);
	}
}

main函数中的代码。 

/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
  ******************************************************************************
  * @file           : main.c
  * @brief          : Main program body
  ******************************************************************************
  * @attention
  *
  * Copyright (c) 2022 STMicroelectronics.
  * All rights reserved.
  *
  * This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
  * in the root directory of this software component.
  * If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
  *
  ******************************************************************************
  */
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "main.h"
#include "tim.h"
#include "gpio.h"

/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
#include "bsp_buzzer.h"
/* USER CODE END Includes */

/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */

/* USER CODE END PTD */

/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */
/* USER CODE END PD */

/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */

/* USER CODE END PM */

/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/

/* USER CODE BEGIN PV */

/* USER CODE END PV */

/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
void SystemClock_Config(void);
/* USER CODE BEGIN PFP */

/* USER CODE END PFP */

/* Private user code ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN 0 */

/* USER CODE END 0 */

/**
  * @brief  The application entry point.
  * @retval int
  */
int main(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 1 */

  /* USER CODE END 1 */

  /* MCU Configuration--------------------------------------------------------*/

  /* Reset of all peripherals, Initializes the Flash interface and the Systick. */
  HAL_Init();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN Init */

  /* USER CODE END Init */

  /* Configure the system clock */
  SystemClock_Config();

  /* USER CODE BEGIN SysInit */

  /* USER CODE END SysInit */

  /* Initialize all configured peripherals */
  MX_GPIO_Init();
  MX_TIM4_Init();
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 2 */
	HAL_TIM_PWM_Start(&htim4,TIM_CHANNEL_1);
	HAL_Delay(1000);
	Solitary_brave();
  /* USER CODE END 2 */

  /* Infinite loop */
  /* USER CODE BEGIN WHILE */
  while (1)
  {
//		Wind_Rises();
    /* USER CODE END WHILE */

    /* USER CODE BEGIN 3 */
  }
  /* USER CODE END 3 */
}

/**
  * @brief System Clock Configuration
  * @retval None
  */
void SystemClock_Config(void)
{
  RCC_OscInitTypeDef RCC_OscInitStruct = {0};
  RCC_ClkInitTypeDef RCC_ClkInitStruct = {0};

  /** Initializes the RCC Oscillators according to the specified parameters
  * in the RCC_OscInitTypeDef structure.
  */
  RCC_OscInitStruct.OscillatorType = RCC_OSCILLATORTYPE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEState = RCC_HSE_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSEPredivValue = RCC_HSE_PREDIV_DIV1;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.HSIState = RCC_HSI_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLState = RCC_PLL_ON;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLSource = RCC_PLLSOURCE_HSE;
  RCC_OscInitStruct.PLL.PLLMUL = RCC_PLL_MUL9;
  if (HAL_RCC_OscConfig(&RCC_OscInitStruct) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }

  /** Initializes the CPU, AHB and APB buses clocks
  */
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.ClockType = RCC_CLOCKTYPE_HCLK|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_SYSCLK
                              |RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK1|RCC_CLOCKTYPE_PCLK2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.SYSCLKSource = RCC_SYSCLKSOURCE_PLLCLK;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.AHBCLKDivider = RCC_SYSCLK_DIV1;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB1CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV2;
  RCC_ClkInitStruct.APB2CLKDivider = RCC_HCLK_DIV1;

  if (HAL_RCC_ClockConfig(&RCC_ClkInitStruct, FLASH_LATENCY_2) != HAL_OK)
  {
    Error_Handler();
  }
}

/* USER CODE BEGIN 4 */

/* USER CODE END 4 */

/**
  * @brief  This function is executed in case of error occurrence.
  * @retval None
  */
void Error_Handler(void)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN Error_Handler_Debug */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the HAL error return state */
  __disable_irq();
  while (1)
  {
  }
  /* USER CODE END Error_Handler_Debug */
}

#ifdef  USE_FULL_ASSERT
/**
  * @brief  Reports the name of the source file and the source line number
  *         where the assert_param error has occurred.
  * @param  file: pointer to the source file name
  * @param  line: assert_param error line source number
  * @retval None
  */
void assert_failed(uint8_t *file, uint32_t line)
{
  /* USER CODE BEGIN 6 */
  /* User can add his own implementation to report the file name and line number,
     ex: printf("Wrong parameters value: file %s on line %d\r\n", file, line) */
  /* USER CODE END 6 */
}
#endif /* USE_FULL_ASSERT */

三、实验效果

STM32 蜂鸣器播放孤勇者

结尾：

对这个项目感兴趣的小伙伴，完全可以根据本项目的文章教程，一步步自己搭建属于自己的STM32-FreeRTOS智能家居项目，如果需要完整资料和完整硬件的可私信我（有偿）：原理图、STM32源码、Android app源码、操作教程。