探索那些文件描述符支持epoll

• 在使用epoll的过程中，如果使用epoll_ctl添加普通文件描述符，会返回EPERM。manual中描述如下:

The  target file fd does not support epoll.  This error can occur if fd refers to, for example, a regular file or a directory.

• 基于Linux 2.6.0，探究一下内核中如何限制的。
• eventpoll.c:epoll_ctl时代码如下。可以看到，获取到的struct file需要支持poll才能添加到epoll监听列表中。

asmlinkage long
sys_epoll_ctl(int epfd, int op, int fd, struct epoll_event __user *event)
{
	...
	/* The target file descriptor must support poll */
	error = -EPERM;
	if (!tfile->f_op || !tfile->f_op->poll)
		goto eexit_3;
	...
}

• struct file定义如下。

struct file {
	struct list_head	f_list;
	struct dentry		*f_dentry;
	struct vfsmount         *f_vfsmnt;
	struct file_operations	*f_op;
	atomic_t		f_count;
	unsigned int 		f_flags;
	mode_t			f_mode;
	loff_t			f_pos;
	struct fown_struct	f_owner;
	unsigned int		f_uid, f_gid;
	int			f_error;
	struct file_ra_state	f_ra;

	unsigned long		f_version;
	void			*f_security;

	/* needed for tty driver, and maybe others */
	void			*private_data;

	/* Used by fs/eventpoll.c to link all the hooks to this file */
	struct list_head	f_ep_links;
	spinlock_t		f_ep_lock;
};

struct file_operations {
	struct module *owner;
	loff_t (*llseek) (struct file *, loff_t, int);
	ssize_t (*read) (struct file *, char __user *, size_t, loff_t *);
	ssize_t (*aio_read) (struct kiocb *, char __user *, size_t, loff_t);
	ssize_t (*write) (struct file *, const char __user *, size_t, loff_t *);
	ssize_t (*aio_write) (struct kiocb *, const char __user *, size_t, loff_t);
	int (*readdir) (struct file *, void *, filldir_t);
	unsigned int (*poll) (struct file *, struct poll_table_struct *);
	int (*ioctl) (struct inode *, struct file *, unsigned int, unsigned long);
	int (*mmap) (struct file *, struct vm_area_struct *);
	int (*open) (struct inode *, struct file *);
	int (*flush) (struct file *);
	int (*release) (struct inode *, struct file *);
	int (*fsync) (struct file *, struct dentry *, int datasync);
	int (*aio_fsync) (struct kiocb *, int datasync);
	int (*fasync) (int, struct file *, int);
	int (*lock) (struct file *, int, struct file_lock *);
	ssize_t (*readv) (struct file *, const struct iovec *, unsigned long, loff_t *);
	ssize_t (*writev) (struct file *, const struct iovec *, unsigned long, loff_t *);
	ssize_t (*sendfile) (struct file *, loff_t *, size_t, read_actor_t, void __user *);
	ssize_t (*sendpage) (struct file *, struct page *, int, size_t, loff_t *, int);
	unsigned long (*get_unmapped_area)(struct file *, unsigned long, unsigned long, unsigned long, unsigned long);
};

• struct file通过open系统调用得到，open系统调用中给f_op赋值过程如下

// open.c
asmlinkage long sys_open(const char __user * filename, int flags, int mode)
{
	char * tmp;
	int fd, error;

#if BITS_PER_LONG != 32
	flags |= O_LARGEFILE;
#endif
	tmp = getname(filename);
	fd = PTR_ERR(tmp);
	if (!IS_ERR(tmp)) {
		fd = get_unused_fd();
		if (fd >= 0) {
			struct file *f = filp_open(tmp, flags, mode);
			error = PTR_ERR(f);
			if (IS_ERR(f))
				goto out_error;
			fd_install(fd, f);
		}
out:
		putname(tmp);
	}
	return fd;

out_error:
	put_unused_fd(fd);
	fd = error;
	goto out;
}

struct file *filp_open(const char * filename, int flags, int mode)
{
	int namei_flags, error;
	struct nameidata nd;

	namei_flags = flags;
	if ((namei_flags+1) & O_ACCMODE)
		namei_flags++;
	if (namei_flags & O_TRUNC)
		namei_flags |= 2;

	error = open_namei(filename, namei_flags, mode, &nd);
	if (!error)
		return dentry_open(nd.dentry, nd.mnt, flags);

	return ERR_PTR(error);
}

struct file *dentry_open(struct dentry *dentry, struct vfsmount *mnt, int flags)
{
	struct file * f;
	struct inode *inode;
	int error;

	error = -ENFILE;
	f = get_empty_filp();
	if (!f)
		goto cleanup_dentry;
	f->f_flags = flags;
	f->f_mode = (flags+1) & O_ACCMODE;
	inode = dentry->d_inode;
	if (f->f_mode & FMODE_WRITE) {
		error = get_write_access(inode);
		if (error)
			goto cleanup_file;
	}

	file_ra_state_init(&f->f_ra, inode->i_mapping);
	f->f_dentry = dentry;
	f->f_vfsmnt = mnt;
	f->f_pos = 0;
	f->f_op = fops_get(inode->i_fop); //这里就是判断module是否装载了，没装载返回NULL，装载了返回的就是inode->i_fop了
	file_move(f, &inode->i_sb->s_files);
	...
}

• 而strcut inode中的struct file_operations i_fop都是通过赋值静态数据结构的，比如常见的如下所示。（通过全局搜索static struct file_operations，搜索 "<tab>.poll.?="更全面）可以认为给poll结构体成员赋值的都支持添加到epoll中。

// socket.c
/*
 *	Socket files have a set of 'special' operations as well as the generic file ones. These don't appear
 *	in the operation structures but are done directly via the socketcall() multiplexor.
 */

static struct file_operations socket_file_ops = {
	.owner =	THIS_MODULE,
	.llseek =	no_llseek,
	.aio_read =	sock_aio_read,
	.aio_write =	sock_aio_write,
	.poll =		sock_poll,
	.ioctl =	sock_ioctl,
	.mmap =		sock_mmap,
	.open =		sock_no_open,	/* special open code to disallow open via /proc */
	.release =	sock_close,
	.fasync =	sock_fasync,
	.readv =	sock_readv,
	.writev =	sock_writev,
	.sendpage =	sock_sendpage
};
// eventpoll.c
/* File callbacks that implement the eventpoll file behaviour */
static struct file_operations eventpoll_fops = {
	.release	= ep_eventpoll_close,
	.poll		= ep_eventpoll_poll
};
// inode.c
static struct file_operations default_file_operations = {
	.read =		default_read_file,
	.write =	default_write_file,
	.open =		default_open,
	.llseek =	default_file_lseek,
};

• 目前认知中的支持的有： pipe、fifo、socket、timer_fd

// pipe.c
struct file_operations rdwr_fifo_fops = {
	.llseek		= no_llseek,
	.read		= pipe_read,
	.write		= pipe_write,
	.poll		= fifo_poll,
	.ioctl		= pipe_ioctl,
	.open		= pipe_rdwr_open,
	.release	= pipe_rdwr_release,
	.fasync		= pipe_rdwr_fasync,
};
struct file_operations rdwr_pipe_fops = {
	.llseek		= no_llseek,
	.read		= pipe_read,
	.write		= pipe_write,
	.poll		= pipe_poll,
	.ioctl		= pipe_ioctl,
	.open		= pipe_rdwr_open,
	.release	= pipe_rdwr_release,
	.fasync		= pipe_rdwr_fasync,
};
// timerfd.c，linux 2.6.25开始才有
static const struct file_operations timerfd_fops = {
	.release	= timerfd_release,
	.poll		= timerfd_poll,
	.read		= timerfd_read,
};
// tun.c
static struct file_operations tun_fops = {
	.owner	= THIS_MODULE,	
	.llseek = no_llseek,
	.read	= tun_chr_read,
	.readv	= tun_chr_readv,
	.write	= tun_chr_write,
	.writev = tun_chr_writev,
	.poll	= tun_chr_poll,
	.ioctl	= tun_chr_ioctl,
	.open	= tun_chr_open,
	.release = tun_chr_close,
	.fasync = tun_chr_fasync		
};