本文详细介绍了在CentOS6.5上安装MySQL的步骤，包括使用yum安装MySQL服务器、数据库的初始化配置，以及如何设置和修改MySQL的root用户密码。此外，还讨论了如何将MySQL设置为开机自启动，确保服务的便捷管理。
centos6.5 Mysql 安装、配置、优化
一、安装
1. yum 进行Mysql 安装
可以通过# yum list | grep mysql命令查看yum上提供的MySQL数据库可下载的版本。
[root@izbp12ujq5zpxyjm1g69dhz ~]# yum list | grep mysql
可以看到yum服务器上MySQL的可以下载的版本信息：
akonadi-mysql.x86_64 1.9.2-4.el7 base
apr-util-mysql.x86_64 1.5.2-6.el7 base
calligra-kexi-driver-mysql.x86_64 2.9.10-2.el7 epel
collectd-mysql.x86_64 5.8.1-1.el7 epel
dmlite-plugins-mysql.x86_64 1.13.2-2.el7 epel
dovecot-mysql.x86_64 1:2.2.36-3.el7_7.1 updates
dpm-copy-server-mysql.x86_64 1.13.0-1.el7 epel
dpm-name-server-mysql.x86_64 1.13.0-1.el7 epel
dpm-server-mysql.x86_64 1.13.0-1.el7 epel
dpm-srm-server-mysql.x86_64 1.13.0-1.el7 epel
dspam-mysql.x86_64 3.10.2-12.el7 epel
exim-mysql.x86_64 4.92.3-1.el7 epel
freeradius-mysql.x86_64 3.0.13-10.el7_6 base
fts-mysql.x86_64 3.8.4-2.el7 epel
gnokii-smsd-mysql.x86_64 0.6.31-17.el7 epel
holland-mysql.noarch 1.1.18-1.el7 epel
holland-mysqldump.noarch 1.1.18-1.el7 epel
holland-mysqllvm.noarch 1.1.18-1.el7 epel
lfc-server-mysql.x86_64 1.13.0-1.el7 epel
libdbi-dbd-mysql.x86_64 0.8.3-16.el7 base
libgda-mysql.x86_64 1:5.2.2-7.el7 epel
libnss-mysql.x86_64 1.5-19.el7 epel
libodb-mysql.x86_64 2.3.0-1.el7 epel
libodb-mysql-devel.x86_64 2.3.0-1.el7 epel
lighttpd-mod_authn_mysql.x86_64 1.4.54-1.el7 epel
lighttpd-mod_mysql_vhost.x86_64 1.4.54-1.el7 epel
mysql++.x86_64 3.1.0-12.el7 epel
mysql++-devel.x86_64 3.1.0-12.el7 epel
mysql++-manuals.x86_64 3.1.0-12.el7 epel
mysql-connector-java.noarch 1:5.1.25-3.el7 base
mysql-connector-odbc.x86_64 5.2.5-8.el7 base
mysql-connector-python.noarch 1.1.6-1.el7 epel
mysql-mmm.noarch 2.2.1-15.el7 epel
mysql-mmm-agent.noarch 2.2.1-15.el7 epel
mysql-mmm-monitor.noarch 2.2.1-15.el7 epel
mysql-mmm-tools.noarch 2.2.1-15.el7 epel
mysql-proxy.x86_64 0.8.5-2.el7 epel
mysql-proxy-devel.x86_64 0.8.5-2.el7 epel
mysql-utilities.noarch 1.3.6-1.el7 epel
mysqlreport.noarch 3.5-11.el7 epel
mysqltuner.noarch 1.7.13-1.git.59e5f40.el7 epel
nagios-plugins-mysql.x86_64 2.2.2-2.20190926git1b8ad57.el7 epel
nextcloud-mysql.noarch 10.0.4-2.el7 epel
nodejs-mysql.noarch 2.3.2-1.el7 epel
opendbx-mysql.x86_64 1.4.6-6.el7 epel
opensips-mysql.x86_64 1.10.5-4.el7 epel
owncloud-mysql.noarch 9.1.5-1.el7 epel
pcp-pmda-mysql.x86_64 4.3.2-3.el7_7 updates
pdns-backend-mysql.x86_64 4.1.11-1.el7 epel
perdition-mysql.x86_64 2.2-2.el7 epel
perl-Test-mysqld.noarch 0.21-1.el7 epel
php-mysql.x86_64 5.4.16-46.1.el7_7 updates
php-mysqlnd.x86_64 5.4.16-46.1.el7_7 updates
php-pear-MDB2-Driver-mysql.noarch 1.5.0-0.8.b4.el7 epel
php-pear-MDB2-Driver-mysqli.noarch 1.5.0-0.8.b4.el7 epel
poco-mysql.x86_64 1.6.1-3.el7 epel
preludedb-mysql.x86_64 5.0.0-1.el7 epel
proftpd-mysql.x86_64 1.3.5e-7.el7 epel
python36-mysql.x86_64 1.3.12-2.el7 epel
python36-mysql-debug.x86_64 1.3.12-2.el7 epel
qt-mysql.i686 1:4.8.7-3.el7_6 base
qt-mysql.x86_64 1:4.8.7-3.el7_6 base
qt5-qtbase-mysql.i686 5.9.7-2.el7 base
qt5-qtbase-mysql.x86_64 5.9.7-2.el7 base
redland-mysql.x86_64 1.0.16-6.el7 base
root-sql-mysql.x86_64 6.18.04-1.el7 epel
rsyslog-mysql.x86_64 8.24.0-41.el7_7.2 updates
soci-mysql.x86_64 3.2.3-1.el7 epel
soci-mysql-devel.x86_64 3.2.3-1.el7 epel
tcl-mysqltcl.x86_64 3.052-1.el7 epel
voms-mysql-plugin.x86_64 3.1.7-5.el7 epel
wt-dbo-mysql.x86_64 3.3.9-1.el7 epel
zabbix22-dbfiles-mysql.noarch 2.2.23-1.el7 epel
zabbix22-proxy-mysql.x86_64 2.2.23-1.el7 epel
zabbix22-server-mysql.x86_64 2.2.23-1.el7 epel
zabbix22-web-mysql.noarch 2.2.23-1.el7 epel
zabbix30-dbfiles-mysql.noarch 3.0.22-2.el7 epel
zabbix30-proxy-mysql.x86_64 3.0.22-2.el7 epel
zabbix30-server-mysql.x86_64 3.0.22-2.el7 epel
zabbix30-web-mysql.noarch 3.0.22-2.el7 epel
zabbix40-dbfiles-mysql.noarch 4.0.12-1.el7 epel
zabbix40-proxy-mysql.x86_64 4.0.12-1.el7 epel
zabbix40-server-mysql.x86_64 4.0.12-1.el7 epel
zabbix40-web-mysql.noarch 4.0.12-1.el7 epel
[root@izbp12ujq5zpxyjm1g69dhz ~]#
然后通过输入 yum install -y mysql-server mysql mysql-devel 命令将mysql mysql-server mysql-devel都安装好：
[root@izbp12ujq5zpxyjm1g69dhz ~]# yum install -y mysql-server mysql mysql-devel
二.mysql数据库的初始化及相关配置
- 我们通过输入 service mysqld start 命令就可以启动我们的mysql服务。
[root@izbp12ujq5zpxyjm1g69dhz ~]# service mysql start 初始化 MySQL 数据库：
WARNING: The host 'izbp12ujq5zpxyjm1g69dhz' could not be looked up with resolveip.
This probably means that your libc libraries are not 100 %
compatible with this binary MySQL version. The MySQL daemon, mysqld,
should work normally with the exception that host name resolving
will not work. This means that you should use IP addresses instead
of hostnames when specifying MySQL privileges ! Installing MySQL
system tables... OK Filling help tables... OK
To start mysqld at boot time you have to copy
support-files/mysql.server to the right place for your system
PLEASE REMEMBER TO SET A PASSWORD FOR THE MySQL root USER ! To do
so, start the server, then issue the following commands:
/usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password'
/usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root -h xiaoluo password 'new-password'
Alternatively you can run: /usr/bin/mysql_secure_installation
which will also give you the option of removing the test databases
and anonymous user created by default. This is strongly recommended
for production servers.
See the manual for more instructions.
You can start the MySQL daemon with: cd /usr ; /usr/bin/mysqld_safe
&
You can test the MySQL daemon with mysql-test-run.pl cd
/usr/mysql-test ; perl mysql-test-run.pl
Please report any problems with the /usr/bin/mysqlbug script![确定]
正在启动 mysqld： [确定]
- 在第一启动MySQL后会出现很多信息，目的是为了进行初始化，当再次启动时，就如下所示：
[root@izbp12ujq5zpxyjm1g69dhz ~]# service mysqld restart
停止 mysqld： [确定]
正在启动 mysqld： [确定]
3.当我们在使用MySQL数据库之前，必须先启动MySQL服务。下面我们先看看它是否是开机自启动服务：
[root@izbp12ujq5zpxyjm1g69dhz ~]# chkconfig --list | grep mysqld
mysqld 0:关闭 1:关闭 2:关闭 3:关闭 4:关闭 5:关闭 6:关闭
4.如果你的结果和我的一样，那说明mysql 的服务没有启动，为了方便使用，下面我们把它设置为开机自启动：
[root@izbp12ujq5zpxyjm1g69dhz ~]# chkconfig mysqld on
[root@izbp12ujq5zpxyjm1g69dhz ~]# chkconfig --list | grep mysql
mysqld 0:关闭 1:关闭 2:启用 3:启用 4:启用 5:启用 6:关闭
5.mysql 安装完以后只有一个root管理员用户，且没有设置密码，在第一次启动服务时会在初始化的信息中我们会看到一行这样的信息：
/usr/bin/mysqladmin -u root password 'new-password' // 为root账号设置密码
所以我们可以使用这个命令对root用户设置密码，其密码设置为“root”：
[root@izbp12ujq5zpxyjm1g69dhz ~]# mysqladmin -u root password 'root'
6.现在我们就可以通过 mysql -u root -p 命令来登录我们的mysql数据库了。
[root@izbp12ujq5zpxyjm1g69dhz ~]mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 4
Server version: 5.5.36 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
Copyright (c) 2000, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| mysql |
| performance_schema |
| test |
+--------------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>
附加 ：修改密码的四种方法
方法1： 用SET PASSWORD命令
mysql -u root
mysql> SET PASSWORD FOR 'root'@'localhost' = PASSWORD('newpass');
方法2：用mysqladmin
mysqladmin -u root password "newpass"
如果root已经设置过密码，采用如下方法
mysqladmin -u root password oldpass "newpass"
方法3： 用UPDATE直接编辑user表
mysql -u root
mysql> use mysql;
mysql> UPDATE user SET Password = PASSWORD('newpass') WHERE user = 'root';
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
在丢失root密码的时候，可以这样
mysqld_safe --skip-grant-tables&
mysql -u root mysql
mysql> UPDATE user SET password=PASSWORD("new password") WHERE user='root';
mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
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