数据结构04

递归

求前项和

package p4.分治回溯;

public class RecursionDemo02 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int ret = f(100);
        System.out.println(ret);
    }

    private static int f(int n) {
        if (n == 1) {
            return 1;
        }
        return f(n - 1) + n;
    }
}

斐波那契数列

package p4.分治回溯;

public class RecursionDemo03 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int ret = f(50);
        System.out.println(ret);
    }

    private static int f(int x) {
        if (x == 1 || x == 2) {
            return 1;
        }
        return f(x - 1) + f(x - 2);
    }
}

二分查找 折半查找

package p4.分治回溯;

public class RecursionDemo04 {
    private static int count = 0;
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        //二分查找 折半查找
        int[] arr = {1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15};
        int index = binarySearch(arr,0, arr.length - 1, 13);
        System.out.println(index);
        System.out.println(count);
    }
    //在数组arr中 L~R区间内进行二分搜索查找key的角标
    private static int binarySearch(int[] arr, int L, int R, int key) {
        count++;
        if (L > R) {    //元素key不存在
            return -1;
        }
        int M = (L + R) / 2;
        if (arr[M] == key) {
            return M;
        }
        if (arr[M] < key) {
            return binarySearch(arr,M + 1, R, key);
        } else {
            return binarySearch(arr,L, M - 1, key);
        }
    }
}

文件读取

package p4.分治回溯;

import java.io.File;

public class RecursionDemo05 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        File dir = new File("C:\\Users\\qwe123\\Documents\\WeChat Files\\wxid_0674puy2lnqz21\\FileStorage\\File\\2022-01\\Day04\\DS");
        traversal(dir);
    }

    private static void traversal(File dir) {
        File[] files = dir.listFiles();
        if (files.length == 0) {
            return;
        }
        for (File file : files) {
            if (file.isFile()) {
                System.out.println(file.getName());
            } else {
                System.out.println("【" + file.getName() + "】");
                traversal(file);
            }
        }
    }
}

棋盘覆盖

package p4.分治回溯;

import java.util.Scanner;

//棋盘覆盖问题
public class ChessBoardCoverage {
    private static int BOARD_SIZE = 8;
    private static int[][] board = new int[BOARD_SIZE][BOARD_SIZE];
    //代表颜色 同一组L骨牌 编号应该是一样的
    private static int title = 0;   // 0就是特殊方格的存在

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
        System.out.print(">>>请输入特殊方格的角标信息：");
        //dr dc 指的是特殊方格的坐标
        int dr = input.nextInt();
        int dc = input.nextInt();

        chessBoard(0, 0, dr, dc,BOARD_SIZE);
        printBoard();
    }

    private static void printBoard() {
        for (int i = 0; i < BOARD_SIZE; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < BOARD_SIZE; j++) {
                System.out.print(board[i][j] + "\t");
            }
            System.out.println();
        }
    }

    //在size*size的矩阵中 以tr tc为四部分子矩阵的基点 dr dc是特殊矩阵的位置 进行填充
    private static void chessBoard(int tr, int tc, int dr, int dc, int size) {
        //判断递归结束 如果尺寸为1 则不可继续拆分 则返回 归
        if (size == 1) {
            return;
        }

        //该层要填充L型骨牌 编号是一致的
        int num = ++title;
        //该层要继续分四个部分 每个部分的尺寸是多少
        int s = size / 2;

        //判断特殊方格在四个部分中 那个部分里

        //左上
        if (dr < tr + s && dc < tc + s) {
            chessBoard(tr,tc,dr,dc,s);
        } else {
            board[tr + s - 1][tc + s - 1] = num;
            chessBoard(tr,tc,tr + s - 1,tc + s - 1,s);
        }

        //右上
        if (dr < tr + s && dc >= tc + s) {
            chessBoard(tr,tc + s,dr,dc,s);
        } else {
            board[tr + s - 1][tc + s] = num;
            chessBoard(tr,tc + s,tr + s - 1,tc + s,s);
        }

        //左下
        if (dr >= tr + s && dc < tc + s) {
            chessBoard(tr + s,tc,dr,dc,s);
        } else {
            board[tr + s][tc + s - 1] = num;
            chessBoard(tr + s,tc,tr + s,tc + s - 1,s);
        }

        //右下
        if (dr >= tr + s && dc >= tc + s) {
            chessBoard(tr + s,tc + s,dr,dc,s);
        } else {
            board[tr + s][tc + s] = num;
            chessBoard(tr + s,tc + s,tr + s,tc + s,s);
        }
    }

}

全排列

package p4.分治回溯;

import java.util.HashSet;

//全排列
public class FullPermutation {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String s = "ABB";
        char[] arr = s.toCharArray();
        HashSet<String> set = new HashSet<>();
        permutation(set, arr, 0, arr.length - 1);
        System.out.println(set);
    }
    private static void permutation(HashSet<String> set, char[] arr, int from, int to) {
        if (from == to) {
            set.add(String.valueOf(arr));    //[A,B,C] => "ABC"
        } else {
            for (int i = from; i <= to; i++) {
                swap(arr, i, from);
                permutation(set, arr, from + 1, to);
                swap(arr, i, from);
            }
        }
    }
    private static void swap(char[] arr, int i, int j) {
        char temp = arr[i];
        arr[i] = arr[j];
        arr[j] = temp;
    }
}

迷宫

package p4.分治回溯;

import p3.链式结构.LinkedList;

public class Maze {
    private static int[][] maze = {
            {1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1},
            {0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1},
            {1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1},
            {1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1},
            {1, 1, 0, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1},
            {1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1},
            {1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 1},
            {1, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 0, 0},
            {1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1}
    };
    //入口信息
    private static int entryX = 1;
    private static int entryY = 0;
    //出口信息
    private static int exitX = 7;
    private static int exitY = 8;
    //路径访问状态表
    private static boolean[][] vistied = new boolean[9][9];
    //方向的变化量
    private static int[][] direction = {
            {1, 0}, {0, 1}, {0, -1}, {-1, 0}
    };
    //存储路径的栈
    private static LinkedList<String> stack = new LinkedList<>();

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        boolean flag = go(entryX, entryY);
        if (flag) {
            for (String path : stack) {
                System.out.println(path);
            }
        } else {
            System.out.println("迷宫不通！");
        }
    }

    //以x,y为入口 看是否能够向下找到出口 返回false找不到
    private static boolean go(int x, int y) {
        stack.push("(" + x + "," + y + ")");
        vistied[x][y] = true;
        if (x == exitX && y == exitY) {
            return true;
        }
        //考虑四个方向 上 右 下 左
        for (int i = 0; i < direction.length; i++) {
            int newX = direction[i][0] + x;
            int newY = direction[i][1] + y;
            if (isInArea(newX, newY) && isRoad(newX, newY) && !vistied[newX][newY]) {
                if (go(newX, newY)) {
                    return true;    //某一个方向能通 则向上返回true 表示此层次x y能通
                }
            }
        }
        stack.pop();
        return false;   //四个方向都不通 则向上返回false 表示此次层x y 不通
    }

    private static boolean isRoad(int x, int y) {
        return maze[x][y] == 0;
    }

    private static boolean isInArea(int x, int y) {
        return x >= 0 && x < 9 && y >= 0 && y < 9;
    }
}

汉诺塔

package p4.分治回溯;

//已知既定规律的问题
//未知既定规律的问题
public class Hanoi {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String x = "X";
        String y = "Y";
        String z = "Z";
        hanoi(3,x,y,z);
    }
    private static void hanoi(int n, String begin, String mid, String end) {
        if (n == 1) {
            System.out.println(begin + "->" + end);
        } else {
            hanoi(n - 1,begin, end, mid);
            System.out.println(begin + "->" + end);
            hanoi(n - 1,mid, begin, end);
        }
    }
}

N皇后

package p4.分治回溯;
//N皇后问题
public class NQueen {
    private static int count = 0;   //记录解的个数
    private static final int N = 8; //N皇后 矩阵的尺寸
    private static int[][] arr = new int[N][N]; //棋盘数据 0表示空 1表示皇后
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        queen(0);
    }
    //递归的解决row角标行 皇后的问题 如果row == N 说明一个解就出来了
    private static void queen(int row) {
        if (row == N) {
            count++;
            System.out.println("第" + count + "个解：");
            printArr();
        } else {
            //遍历当前行的列
            for (int col = 0; col < N; col++) {
                if (!isDangerous(row, col)) {
                    //每次要放置皇后的时候 都先对该行进行清空
                    for (int c = 0; c < N; c++) {
                        arr[row][c] = 0;
                    }
                    arr[row][col] = 1;
                    queen(row + 1);
                }
            }
        }
    }
    private static boolean isDangerous(int row, int col) {
        //向上
        for (int r = row - 1; r >= 0; r--) {
            if (arr[r][col] == 1) {
                return true;
            }
        }
        //左上
        for (int r = row - 1, c = col - 1; r >= 0 && c >= 0; r--, c--) {
            if (arr[r][c] == 1) {
                return true;
            }
        }
        //右上
        for (int r = row - 1, c = col + 1; r >= 0 && c < N; r--, c++) {
            if (arr[r][c] == 1) {
                return true;
            }
        }
        return false;
    }

    private static void printArr() {
        for (int i = 0; i < N; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < N; j++) {
                System.out.print(arr[i][j] + " ");
            }
            System.out.println();
        }
    }
}

数独

package p4.分治回溯;

import java.io.*;
//数独
public class Sudoku {
    private static int i = 0;
    private static int[][] board = new int[9][9];

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
        readFile("sudoku_data_01.txt");
        solve(0, 0);
    }

    //求解x-y格子的解 再继续向下递归求解下一个格子
    //本质求多个解 但实际 数独问题只能有一个解 如果没解 程序啥也不输出！
    private static void solve(int row, int col) {
        if (row == 9) {
            i++;
            System.out.println("===========" + i + "==========");
            printBoard();
            //System.exit(0);
        } else {
            if (board[row][col] == 0) {
                //需要填数字1~9
                for (int num = 1; num <= 9; num++) {
                    if (!isExist(row, col, num)) {
                        board[row][col] = num; //8
                        //解决下一个格子
                        solve(row + (col + 1) / 9, (col + 1) % 9);
                    }
                    //如果此处没解 必须清零
                    board[row][col] = 0;
                }
            } else {
                //已经存在一个已知数字 直接跳过去解决下一个格子
                solve(row + (col + 1) / 9, (col + 1) % 9);
            }
        }
    }

    private static boolean isExist(int row, int col, int num) {
        //同行
        for (int c = 0; c < 9; c++) {
            if (board[row][c] == num) {
                return true;
            }
        }

        //同列
        for (int r = 0; r < 9; r++) {
            if (board[r][col] == num) {
                return true;
            }
        }

        //同九宫 3*3
        int rowMin = 0;
        int colMin = 0;

        int rowMax = 0;
        int colMax = 0;

        if (row >= 0 && row <= 2) {
            rowMin = 0;
            rowMax = 2;
        }
        if (row >= 3 && row <= 5) {
            rowMin = 3;
            rowMax = 5;
        }
        if (row >= 6 && row <= 8) {
            rowMin = 6;
            rowMax = 8;
        }
        if (col >= 0 && col <= 2) {
            colMin = 0;
            colMax = 2;
        }
        if (col >= 3 && col <= 5) {
            colMin = 3;
            colMax = 5;
        }
        if (col >= 6 && col <= 8) {
            colMin = 6;
            colMax = 8;
        }

        for (int r = rowMin; r <= rowMax; r++) {
            for (int c = colMin; c <= colMax; c++) {
                if (board[r][c] == num) {
                    return true;
                }
            }
        }

        return false;
    }

    private static void readFile(String fileName) throws IOException {
        File file = new File(fileName);
        FileReader fr = new FileReader(file);
        BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(fr);
        String line = null;
        int row = 0;
        while ((line = br.readLine()) != null) {
            for (int col = 0; col < 9; col++) {
                board[row][col] = Integer.parseInt(line.charAt(col) + "");
            }
            row++;
        }
    }

    private static void printBoard() {
        for (int i = 0 ; i < 9; i++) {
            for (int j = 0; j < 9; j++) {
                System.out.print(board[i][j] + " ");
            }
            System.out.println();
        }
    }
}

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098000060
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400803001
700020006
060000280
000419005
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