两个小程序看C++继承和组合的构造顺序

多继承

按照继承声明列表的顺序（笔者YY，即冒号后面的声明顺序）进行构造。
对象成员
按照在类中声明的顺序进行构造

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using std::string;
using std::cout;
using std::endl;

class Base{
public :
    Base(int a, string s = "Default in Base"){
        cout << a << ":" << s << endl;
    }
};

class Base1 :virtual public Base{
public:
    Base1(int i, string s = "default in Base1", int j = 0) :Base(j, "Base of Base1"){
        cout << i << ":" << s << endl;
    }
};

class Base2 : public virtual Base{
public:
    Base2(int i, string s = "default in Base2", int j = 0) : Base(j, "Base of Base2"){
        cout << i << ":" << s << endl;
    }
};

class Son : public Base2, public Base1{
public:
    Son(int a, int b, int c, int d)
        :Base1(a, "Base1 from Son"), Base2(b, "Base2 From Son"), b1(c, "Object of Base1"),
        b2(d, "Object of Base2"), Base(a, "Base from Son"){
    }

private:
    Base2 b2;
    Base1 b1;
};

int main()
{
    Son s(1, 2, 3, 4);
    return 0;
}

结果如下：

继承与组合
对于拥有对象成员的类来说，构造顺序是：先构造对象成员，再构造自己，构造对象成员的顺序按照类中声明的顺序，示例如下：

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

class A{
public:
    A()
    {
        cout << "A's ctor" << endl;
    }
};

class B
{
public:
    B()
    {
        cout << "B's ctor" << endl;
    }
};

class C{
public:
    C()
    {
        cout << "C's ctor" << endl;
    }

    B b;
    A a;
};

int main(int argc, char** argv)
{
    C c;
    return 0;
}

运行后的结果如下：