Linux mysql5.7安装-超级详细

Linux mysql5.7安装-超级详细

步骤：本文安装是5.7版本

步骤参考视频-若泽讲解

安装步骤面试时要按下面大概说出来

1. check 系统是否安装或运行Mysql
2. download mysql 源码包和解压
3. 创建管理用户mysqladmin和用户组dba
4. 配置**/etc/my.cnf**
5. 对4的文件和源码文件夹赋权限（用户、用户组、RWX）
6. 配置Mysql服务和设置开机自动启动
7. 切换mysqladmin ，编译安装mysql
8. 启动mysql服务
9. 使用mysql命令登录
10. 配置环境变量

官网下载： wget https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.27-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

搜狐镜像下载： wget http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.27-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

MySQL 官网下载tar包

有两种方式：

• mysql 官网下载到本机，然后rz命令上传
• wget + 下载链接，直接linux 下载

新手推荐第一种

如果linux 服务器带宽快的话，推荐第二种，速度比较快。

第一种：

第一次mysql 官网下载应该要注册，邮箱注册一下即可，很快的。

MySQL

选择第一个tar 包下载

rz //上传命令

输入rz 即可打开windows 你的下载目录上传

ps: rpm 也可以 ，下面这篇是rpm 命令安装，写的特别好，推荐。

centos7下安装mysql5.7（rpm）_wudinaniya的博客-CSDN博客_mysql rpm

• rpm 与 tar的区别

linux下的 tar.gz文件和.rpm文件有什么最大的区别？_殇沫流年的专栏-CSDN博客

个人理解：简单来说，主要是卸载上有所区分，rpm 对于解压后文件存于多个文件夹友好，可以一个命令全部删除，tar 的需要手动删除，适合解压后文件都在一个路径下。

第二种：wget

wget https://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-5.7/mysql-5.7.11-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz

tar 包解压

• 解压路径 /usr/local

[root@hadoop001 ~]# rz                                                                                   
[root@hadoop001 ~]# ll
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root   1799250 Nov 23 08:39 mysql-5.7.11-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@hadoop001 ~]# tar xzvf mysql-5.7.11-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
[root@hadoop001 ~]# cd /usr/local/
[root@hadoop001 local]# mv mysql-5.7.11-linux-glibc2.5-x86_64 mysql // 把这个文件夹改名字
[root@hadoop001 local] mkdir mysql/arch mysql/data mysql/tmp // 创建三个文件夹在/mysql路径下，arch,data,tmp

[MySQL/MySQL 5.7.11 Install.txt at master · Hackeruncle/MySQL (github.com)](https://github.com/Hackeruncle/MySQL/blob/master/MySQL 5.7.11 Install.txt#L224)

创建my.cnf

vi /etc/my.cnf

[client]
port            = 3306
socket          = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock
default-character-set=utf8mb4

[mysqld]
port            = 3306
socket          = /usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock

skip-slave-start

skip-external-locking
key_buffer_size = 256M
sort_buffer_size = 2M
read_buffer_size = 2M
read_rnd_buffer_size = 4M
query_cache_size= 32M
max_allowed_packet = 16M
myisam_sort_buffer_size=128M
tmp_table_size=32M

table_open_cache = 512
thread_cache_size = 8
wait_timeout = 86400
interactive_timeout = 86400
max_connections = 600

# Try number of CPU's*2 for thread_concurrency
#thread_concurrency = 32 

#isolation level and default engine 
default-storage-engine = INNODB
transaction-isolation = READ-COMMITTED

server-id  = 1739
basedir     = /usr/local/mysql
datadir     = /usr/local/mysql/data
pid-file     = /usr/local/mysql/data/hostname.pid

#open performance schema
log-warnings
sysdate-is-now

binlog_format = ROW
log_bin_trust_function_creators=1
log-error  = /usr/local/mysql/data/hostname.err
log-bin = /usr/local/mysql/arch/mysql-bin
expire_logs_days = 7

innodb_write_io_threads=16

relay-log  = /usr/local/mysql/relay_log/relay-log
relay-log-index = /usr/local/mysql/relay_log/relay-log.index
relay_log_info_file= /usr/local/mysql/relay_log/relay-log.info

log_slave_updates=1
gtid_mode=OFF
enforce_gtid_consistency=OFF

# slave
slave-parallel-type=LOGICAL_CLOCK
slave-parallel-workers=4
master_info_repository=TABLE
relay_log_info_repository=TABLE
relay_log_recovery=ON

#other logs
#general_log =1
#general_log_file  = /usr/local/mysql/data/general_log.err
#slow_query_log=1
#slow_query_log_file=/usr/local/mysql/data/slow_log.err

#for replication slave
sync_binlog = 500


#for innodb options 
innodb_data_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/data/
innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:1G;ibdata2:1G:autoextend

innodb_log_group_home_dir = /usr/local/mysql/arch
innodb_log_files_in_group = 4
innodb_log_file_size = 1G
innodb_log_buffer_size = 200M

#根据生产需要，调整pool size 
innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2G
#innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 50M #deprecated in 5.6
tmpdir = /usr/local/mysql/tmp

innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 1000
#innodb_thread_concurrency = 0
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2

innodb_locks_unsafe_for_binlog=1

#innodb io features: add for mysql5.5.8
performance_schema
innodb_read_io_threads=4
innodb-write-io-threads=4
innodb-io-capacity=200
#purge threads change default(0) to 1 for purge
innodb_purge_threads=1
innodb_use_native_aio=on

#case-sensitive file names and separate tablespace
innodb_file_per_table = 1
lower_case_table_names=1

[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 128M

[mysql]
no-auto-rehash
default-character-set=utf8mb4

[mysqlhotcopy]
interactive-timeout

[myisamchk]
key_buffer_size = 256M
sort_buffer_size = 256M
read_buffer = 2M
write_buffer = 2M

【特别注意 】

innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2G

我的云主机本身就是8G的，所以2G设置合理；如果你的虚拟机本身就是1G/2G, 那这个size设置成2G肯定就会爆掉。合理设置。

创建管理用户mysqladmin和用户组dba

[root@hadoop001 ~]# groupadd -g 101 dba
[root@hadoop001 ~]# useradd -u 514 -g dba -G root -d /usr/local/mysql mysqladmin
[root@hadoop001 ~]# id mysqladmin
uid=514(mysqladmin) gid=101(dba) groups=101(dba),0(root)

if user mysqladmin is existing,please execute the following command of usermod.

如果用户已经存在，用usermod 更改这个路径属性

[root@hadoop001 ~]# usermod -u 514 -g dba -G root -d /usr/local/mysql mysqladmin

配置环境变量

[root@hadoop001 ~]# cp /etc/skel/.* /usr/local/mysql #防止切到mysqladmin用户下样式丢失
 # 配置环境变量
[root@hadoop001 ~]# vim /usr/local/mysql/.bashrc
# .bashrc

# Source global definitions
if [ -f /etc/bashrc ]; then
	. /etc/bashrc
fi

# Uncomment the following line if you don't like systemctl's auto-paging feature:
# export SYSTEMD_PAGER=

# User specific aliases and functions
export MYSQL_BASE=/usr/local/mysql
export PATH=${MYSQL_BASE}/bin:$PATH   

unset USERNAME

#stty erase ^H
set umask to 022
umask 022
PS1=`uname -n`":"'$USER'":"'$PWD'":>"; export PS1

## end

配置权限

[root@hadoop001 local]# chown  mysqladmin:dba /etc/my.cnf
[root@hadoop001 local]# chmod  640 /etc/my.cnf
[root@hadoop001 local]# chown -R mysqladmin:dba /usr/local/mysql
[root@hadoop001 local]# chmod -R 755 /usr/local/mysql

配置服务

将mysql路径下的服务文件拷贝到init.d 下，然后添加服务

[root@hadoop001 local]# cd /usr/local/mysql
[root@hadoop001 mysql]# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql
[root@hadoop001 mysql]# chmod +x /etc/rc.d/init.d/mysql
[root@hadoop001 mysql]# chkconfig --del mysql
[root@hadoop001 mysql]# chkconfig --add mysql
[root@hadoop001 mysql]# chkconfig --level 345 mysql on

配置开机自启动

[root@hadoop001 ~]# cd /usr/local/mysql
[root@hadoop001 mysql]# vi /etc/rc.local
添加最后两句
#!/bin/bash
# THIS FILE IS ADDED FOR COMPATIBILITY PURPOSES
#
# It is highly advisable to create own systemd services or udev rules
# to run scripts during boot instead of using this file.
#
# In contrast to previous versions due to parallel execution during boot
# this script will NOT be run after all other services.
#
# Please note that you must run 'chmod +x /etc/rc.d/rc.local' to ensure
# that this script will be executed during boot.

touch /var/lock/subsys/local

su - mysqladmin -c "etc/init.d/mysql start --federated"

安装libaio

[root@hadoop001 mysql]# yum -y install libaio

初始化

[root@hadoop001 mysql]# sudo su - mysqladmin
hadoop001:mysqladmin:/usr/local/mysql:>bin/mysqld \
--defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf \
--user=mysqladmin \
--basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ \
--pid-file=/usr/local/mysql/data/hostname.pid \
--socket=/usr/local/mysql/data/mysql.sock \
--datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/ \
--initialize

查看临时密码

hadoop001:mysqladmin:/usr/local/mysql:>cat data/hostname.err |grep password

启动

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf &

登录修改密码

password是你刚刚cat查看的密码

hadoop001:mysqladmin:/usr/local/mysql:>mysql -uroot -p'password'

修改密码：

每grant一次就一定要flush 权限，否则不会生效

alter user root@localhost identified by 'newpasswd';
GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'newpasswd' ;
flush privileges;

重启

service mysql restart

错误1

之前报了这个错误：

错误原因就是我最开始my.cnf里mysqld 的socket路径写的是其他的，但是那个进程又一直在跑

ps -ef | grep mysql

查看了mysql的进程，发现11801，于是kill - 9 11801，cat /dev/null > data/hostname.err

然后运行 service mysql start 成功

mysql -uroot -p
输入 newpassword

这时就进入到root用户下了

错误2

机器第二次安装时候 初始化没有反映，把用户和组删除后重新解压从头到尾就没有错了。

创建数据库用于dbeaver连接

下面命令更改后，可用dbeaver 连接

# 创建数据库 maggiecn
create database maggiecn;
# 将所有权限赋予给该数据库，并以suju用户名登录，登录密码newpassword
# % 代表 任意的客户端的IP地址 都被允许使用suju用户来远程访问
grant all privileges on maggiecn.* to suju@'hadoop001' identified by '12345678' with grant option;    
grant all privileges on maggiecn.* to suju@'%' identified by 'newpassword';
# 更新权限
flush privileges;