工厂设计模式

介绍

• 用工厂类的方法代替new，自主实例化对象
• 实现创建和调用的分离

简单工厂

public interface Moveable {
    public void run();
}

public class Car implements Moveable {
    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println("car is running");       
    }
}

public class Train implements Moveable {    
    @Override
    public void run() {
        System.out.println("train is running");
    }
}

public class MoveableFactory {

    public static Moveable createMoveable(String moveable){
        if(moveable=="car"){
            return new Car();
        }else if(moveable=="train"){
            return new Train();
        }
        return null;
    }
}

public class MyLearn {
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {       
        Moveable moveable = MoveableFactory.createMoveable("train");
        moveable.run();  //train is running
    }
}

• 开闭原则（OCP）：对扩展开放，对修改关闭，即通过创建新的类来扩展，不应在原有代码上改动
• 简单工厂不满足开闭原则，如果增加新的Moveable，需要修改MoveableFactory类的代码，解决方法：工厂方法设计模式

工厂方法

public interface MoveableFactory {
    public  Moveable createMoveable();
}

public class CarFactory implements MoveableFactory {
    @Override
    public  Moveable createMoveable() {
        return new Car();
    }
}

public class TrainFactory implements MoveableFactory {
    @Override
    public Moveable createMoveable() {
        return new Train();
    }
}

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {       
        Moveable moveable = new CarFactory().createMoveable();
        moveable.run();  //car is running
    }

• 每次增加一个产品都需要增加一个工厂，造成工厂泛滥
• 可以用反射解决这个问题

public class MoveableFactory {

    public static Moveable createMoveable(Class<? extends Moveable> clazz) {
        Object object=null;
        try {
            object = Class.forName(clazz.getName()).newInstance();
        } catch (InstantiationException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return (Moveable) object;
    }

}

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {       
        Moveable moveable = MoveableFactory.createMoveable(Train.class);
        moveable.run();  
    }

抽象工厂

• 创建一套产品族，例如QQ 换肤，一换一整套

public interface AbstractFactory {
public Shape createShape();
public Color createColor();
}

public class AppearanceOne implements AbstractFactory {

    @Override
    public Shape createShape() {
        return new circle();
    }

    @Override
    public Color createColor() {
        return new Red();
    }

}

 public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        AbstractFactory f=new AppearanceOne();
        Color color = f.createColor();
        color.getColor();
        Shape shape = f.createShape();
        shape.getShape();
    }