TypeScript Question Mark/问号 (?)

1. 用于空值检查（'undefined' and null)

   let account={id: 1}  
   let deparmentid=account?.id
   console.log(deparmentid) // return id if an account is not null or undefined, else return undefined
   

2. 用于定义可选属性(optional properties)，Much of the time, we’ll find ourselves dealing with objects that might have a property set. In those cases, we can mark those properties as optional by adding a question mark (?) to the end of their names.

   interface PaintOptions {
   	  shape: Shape;
   	  xPos?: number;
   	  yPos?: number;
   	}
   	function paintShape(opts: PaintOptions) {
   	  // ...
   	}
   	const shape = getShape();
   	paintShape({ shape });
   	paintShape({ shape, xPos: 100 });
   	paintShape({ shape, yPos: 100 });
   	paintShape({ shape, xPos: 100, yPos: 100 });
   

   We can also read from those properties - but when we do under strictNullChecks, TypeScript will tell us they’re potentially undefined.